References
- **Mata TM, Martins AA, Caetano NS. Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. [ Internet] 14(1), 217–232 (2010). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032109001646.
- Dragone, G., Fernandes, B., Vicente, A.A. and Teixeira, J.A. Third generation biofuels from microalgae. In: Mendez-Vilas A. (ed.), Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, 1355–1366, Formatex Research Center, Spain. (2010).
- Fagerstone KD, Quinn JC, Bradley TH, De Long SK, Marchese AJ. Quantitative measurement of direct nitrous oxide emissions from microalgae cultivation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45(21), 9449–9456 (2011).
- Ferrón S, Ho DT, Johnson ZI, Huntley ME. Air-water fluxes of N2O and CH4 during microalgae (Staurosira sp.) cultivation in an open raceway pond. Environ. Sci. Technol. [ Internet] 46(19), 10842–10848 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22920714.
- Yang J, Xu M, Zhang X, Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, Chen Y. Life-cycle analysis on biodiesel production from microalgae: water footprint and nutrients balance. Bioresour. Technol. 102(1), 159–165 (2011).
- Batan L, Quinn JC, Bradley TH. Analysis of water footprint of a photobioreactor microalgae biofuel production system from blue, green and lifecycle perspectives. Algal Res. (2013).
- Guieysse B, Béchet Q, Shilton A. Variability and uncertainty in water demand and water footprint assessments of fresh algae cultivation based on case studies from five climatic regions. Bioresour. Technol. 128, 317–323 (2013).
- *Christenson L, Sims R. Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnol. Adv. 29(6), 686–702 (2011).
- Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan AA, Ibraheem IBM. Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. [Internet] 19(3), 257–275 (2012). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1319562X12000332.
- Li Y, Chen Y-F, Chen P, et al. Characterization of a microalga Chlorella sp. well adapted to highly concentrated municipal wastewater for nutrient removal and biodiesel production. Bioresour. Technol. 102(8), 5138–5144 (2011).
- Woo S-G, Yoo K, Lee J, et al. Comparison of fatty acid analysis methods for assessing biorefinery applicability of wastewater cultivated microalgae. Talanta [ Internet] 1–8 (2012). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0039914012002974.
- Smith VH, Sturm BSM, Denoyelles FJ, Billings S a. The ecology of algal biodiesel production. Trends Ecol. Evol. [Internet] 25(5), 301–309 (2010). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20022660.
- Council NR. Environmental Effects. In: Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 139–190 (2012).
- Council of the European Parliment. Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. European Union.
- Department for Transport. The Renewable Transport Fuel Obligations (Amendment). Sustainable and Renewable Fuels. Department for Transport, UK (2013).
- Lane I. Brazil's government announces rise in ethanol blending to 25% [Internet] Biofuels Dig. (2013). Available from: http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2013/03/04/brazils-government-announces-rise-in-ethanol-blending-to-25/.
- Ministerio de Minas e Energia. Objectivos e Diretrizes [Internet] Biodiesel - Programa Nac. Prod. e Uso Biodiesel. Available from: http://www.mme.gov.br/programas/biodiesel/menu/programa/objetivos_diretrizes.html.
- US EPA. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) [ Internet] Fuels Fuel Addit. (2011). Available from: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/index.htm.
- IEA. Energy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios and Stratergies to 2050. France: Paris.
- Taiwan becomes top producer of algae medicine [ Internet] Want China Times. (2012). Available from: http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20121228000001&cid=1104.
- Thurmond W. Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems Markets and Forecasts. In: Algae 2020 Volume 2. Emerging Markets Online, Houston, 1–4 (2011).
- Borowitzka MA. A mass culture of dunaliella salina [Internet] Tech. Resour. Pap., 180 (1990). Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/ab728e/ab728e06.htm.
- Feinberg DA. Fuel options from microalgae with representative chemical compositions [Internet] Colorado. Available from: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/2427.pdf.
- Olguín EJ. Dual purpose microalgae-bacteria-based systems that treat wastewater and produce biodiesel and chemical products within a Biorefinery. Biotechnol. Adv. [ Internet] 30(5), 1031–1046 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609182.
- US Department for Energy. National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap [Internet]. Maryland Available from: http://biomass.energy.gov.
- Miao X, Wu Q. Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour. Technol. [ Internet] 97(6), 841–846 (2006). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936938.
- Biller P, Ross AB. Potential yields and properties of oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with different biochemical content. Bioresour. Technol. 102(1), 215–225 (2011).
- Thomas G. Overview of Storage Development. In: US DOE Hydrogen Programme 2000 Annual Review. California (2000).
- Pradhan A, Shrestha DS, Mcaloon A, Yee W, Haas M, Duffield JA. Energy life-cycle assessment of soybean biodiesel revisited. Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng. 54(3), 1031–1039 (2011).
- Lyons PE, Plisga B. Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering. 2nd ed. Gulf Professional Publishing, Burlington.
- Dufreche S, Hernandez R, French T, Sparks D, Zappi M, Alley E. Extraction of lipids from municipal wastewater plant microorganisms for production of biodiesel. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. [ Internet] 84(2), 181–187 (2007). Available from: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11746-006-1022-4.
- May PI. Use of an Algal Turf Scrubber to Reduce Nutrient Loadings and Produce Biofuel at a Wastewater Treatment Plant on Jamaica Bay, New York City. In: 5th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration. Restore America's Estuaries, Texas (2010).
- Li Y, Zhou W, Hu B, Min M, Chen P, Ruan RR. Integration of algae cultivation as biodiesel production feedstock with municipal wastewater treatment: strains screening and significance evaluation of environmental factors. Bioresour. Technol. 102(23), 10861–10867 (2011).
- Ramachandra TV, Durga Madhab M, Shilpi S, Joshi NV. Algal biofuel from urban wastewater in India: Scope and challenges. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. [Internet] 21, 767–777 (2013). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032112007320.
- Wu LF, Chen PC, Huang AP, Lee CM. The feasibility of biodiesel production by microalgae using industrial wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 113, 14–18 (2012).
- UN-Water. World Water Development Report (WWDR4): Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk. Paris.
- Water UK. Wastewater Treatment and Recycling [Internet]. London. Available from: http://www.water.org.uk/home/news/press-releases/wastewater-pamphlet.
- Sheehan J. A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy's Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from Algae. Colorado.
- Chen YH, Walker TH. Biomass and lipid production of heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella protothecoides by using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. Biotechnol. Lett. 33(10), 1973–1983 (2011).
- Wells SG, Gertler AW. Algal-Based Fuels., Reno, Nevada.
- Lardon L, Hélias A, Sialve B, Steyer J-P, Bernard O. Life-cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43(17), 6475–6481 (2009).
- Correll DL. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: a review. J. Environ. Qual. [Internet] 27(2), 261 (1998). Available from: https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/27/2/JEQ0270020261.
- Crouzet P. Nutrients in European ecosystems. In: Nutrients in European Ecosystems. Thyssen TJ (Ed.): European Environmental Agency, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 145–153 (1999).
- **Science Communication Unit. Sustainable Phosphorus Use [Internet]. Bristol. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/science-environment-policy.
- Cordell D, Drangert J-O, White S. The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought. Glob. Environ. Chang. 19(2), 292–305 (2009).
- Cordell D, Rosemarin A, Schröder JJ, Smit a L. Towards global phosphorus security: a systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options. Chemosphere. 84(6), 747–758 (2011).
- Linderholm K, Tillman A-M, Mattsson JE. Life cycle assessment of phosphorus alternatives for Swedish agriculture. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 66, 27–39 (2012).
- Shilton AN, Mara DD, Craggs R, Powell N. Solar-powered aeration and disinfection, anaerobic co-digestion, biological CO2 scrubbing and biofuel production: the energy and carbon management opportunities of waste stabilization ponds. Water Sci. Technol. 58(1), 253−258 (2008).
- Mara DD. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. Earthscan, London (2004).
- Camargo Valero MA, Mara DD, Newton RJ. Nitrogen removal in maturation waste stabilisation ponds via biological uptake and sedimentation of dead biomass. Water Sci. Technol. 61, 1027–1034 (2010).
- Heredia-Arroyo T, Wei W, Hu B. Oil accumulation via heterotrophic/mixotrophic chlorella protothecoides. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 162(7), 1978–1995 (2010).
- Kathy E. Lee, Larry B. Barber, Edward T. Furlong, et al. Antibiotics Field Data - Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5138 [Internet]. Minnesota Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5138/antibiotics.html (2004).
- Martín J, Camacho-Muñoz D, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and sludge from wastewater treatment plants: removal and ecotoxicological impact of wastewater discharges and sludge disposal. J. Hazard. Mater. [Internet] 239–240, 40–47 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608399.
- Subashchandrabose SR, Ramakrishnan B, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation. Environ. Int. [Internet] 51, 59–72 (2013). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201778.
- Kumar A, Ergas S, Yuan X, et al. Enhanced CO(2) fixation and biofuel production via microalgae: recent developments and future directions. Trends Biotechnol. [Internet] 28(7), 371–80 (2010). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20541270.
- Butler GL, Deason TR, O’Kelley JC. Loss of five pesticides from cultures of twenty-one planktonic algae. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. [Internet] 13(2), 149–152 (1975). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1125439.
- Khoshmanesh A, Lawson F, Prince IG. Cell surface area as a major parameter in the uptake of cadmium by unicellular green microalgae. Chem. Eng. J. 65, 13–19 (1997).
- Perron M-C, Juneau P. Effect of endocrine disrupters on photosystem II energy fluxes of green algae and cyanobacteria. Environ. Res. 111, 520–529 (2011).
- EPA. Drinking water contaminants [Internet]. Natl. Prim. Drink. Water Regul. (2013). Available from: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/.
- US EPA. Nutrient pollution [Internet]. (2013). Available from: http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/problem.
- Food Standards Agency. Risk assessment: phosphorus [Internet]. In: Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Risk assessment: Phosphorus [Internet]. Food Standards Agency Available from: http://multimedia.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/evm_phosphorous.pdf (2003).
- National Institute of Environmental Health Endocrine disruptors [Internet]. (May) (2013). Available from: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/endocrine_disruptors_508.pdf.
- US EPA. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria [Internet]. (2013). Available from: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/current/index.cfm#U.
- WHO Guidelines. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking-water. In: Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information. Geneva (1998).
- Howe G, Merchant S. Heavy metal-activated synthesis of peptides in chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. [Internet] 98(1), 127–136 (1992). Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1080159&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
- Fuhrman JA, Suttle CA. Viruses in marine planktonic systems. Oceanography 6(2) (1993).
- Beltrami E, Carroll TO. Modeling the role of viral disease in recurrent phytoplankton blooms. J. Math. Biol. 32, 857–863 (1994).
- Bergh O, Borsheim K, Bratbak G, Heldal M. High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Nature 340, 467–468 (1989).
- Curtis TP, Mara DD, Silva SA. The effect of sunlight on faecal coliforms in ponds: implications for research and design. Water Sci. Technol. 26(7−8), 1729−1738 (1992).
- Letcher PM, Lopez S, Schmieder R, et al. Characterization of Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum, an algal parasite new to the cryptomycota isolated from an outdoor algal pond used for the production of biofuel. PLoS One [Internet]. 8(2), e56232 (2013). Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3577820&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
- Water Footprint Network. Water footprint and virtual water [Internet]. (2013). Available from: http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/Water-energy.
- Wigmosta M, Coleman A, Skaggs R, Huesemann M, Lane L. National microalgae biofuel production potential and resource demand. Water Resour. Res. 47(3), 1–13 (2011).
- US EIA. Petroleum basic statistics [Internet]. Available from: www.eia.gov/basics/quickoil.html.
- *Harmelen T van, Oonk H. Microalgae Biofixation Processes: Applications and Potential Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options. Apeldoorn.
- Venteris ER, Skaggs RL, Coleman AM, Wigmosta MS. A GIS cost model to assess the availability of freshwater, seawater, and saline groundwater for algal biofuel production in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(9), 4840–4849 (2013).
- European Commission. New Commission proposal to minimise the climate impacts of biofuel production. Press Rele(October) (2012).
- Submariner. Algae production in offshore wind parks [Internet]. Reg. Act. (2011). Available from: http://www.submariner-project.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=159:algae-production-in-offshore-wind-parks&catid=62:regionalactivitiesdenmark&Itemid=373.
- Doan TTY, Sivaloganathan B, Obbard JP. Screening of marine microalgae for biodiesel feedstock. Biomass Bioenerg. [Internet] 35(7), 2534–2544 (2011). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0961953411000961.
- Carlsson AS, van Beilen JB, Möller R, Clayton D. Micro- and macro-algae: utility for industrial applications. 1st ed. CPL Press, Newbury.
- ARUP. Havant Thicket Winter Storage Reservoir Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report [Internet]. Havant, UK Available from: http://www.portsmouthwater.co.uk/uploadedFiles/HTWSR/News/EIA_Scoping_022009.pdf.
- Francisco ÉC, Neves DB, Jacob-Lopes E, Franco TT. Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production: carbon dioxide sequestration, lipid production and biofuel quality. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. [Internet] 85(3), 395–403 (2010). Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jctb.2338.
- Bilanovic D, Andargatchew A, Kroeger T, Shelef G. Freshwater and marine microalgae sequestering of CO2 at different C and N concentrations – response surface methodology analysis. Energy Convers. Manag. [Internet] 50(2), 262–267 (2009). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196890408003725.
- Rosenberg JN, Mathias A, Korth K, Betenbaugh MJ, Oyler G a. Microalgal biomass production and carbon dioxide sequestration from an integrated ethanol biorefinery in Iowa: a technical appraisal and economic feasibility evaluation. Biomass Bioenerg. [Internet] 35(9), 3865–3876 (2011). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096195341100287X.
- Frank ED, Han J, Palou-Rivera I, Elgowainy A., Wang MQ. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions affect the life-cycle analysis of algal biofuels. Environ. Res. Lett. 7(1), 014030 (2012).
- Karl DM, Beversdorf L, Björkman KM, Church MJ, Martinez A, Delong EF. Aerobic production of methane in the sea. Nat. Geosci. [Internet] 1(7), 473–478 (2008). Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo234.
- IPCC. Working group I contribution to the IPCC fifth assessment report, Climate change 2013: the physical science basis.
- Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Brass M, Röckmann T. Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature [Internet] 439(7073), 187–91 (2006). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407949.
- Ferrón S, Ho DT, Johnson ZI, Huntley ME. Air-water fluxes of N2O and CH4 during microalgae (Staurosira sp.) cultivation in an open raceway pond. Environ. Sci. Technol. [Internet] 46(19), 10842–10848 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22920714.
- Poth M, Focht DD. N Kinetic Analysis of N(2)O Production by nitrosomonas europaea: an examination of nitrifier denitrification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. [Internet] 49(5), 1134–41 (1985). Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=238519&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
- Mampaey KE, Beuckels B, Kampschreur MJ, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM, Volcke EIP. Modelling nitrous and nitric oxide emissions by autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Environ. Technol. [Internet] 34(12), 1555–1566 (2013). Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2012.758666.
- Sengupta S, Ergas SJ. Autotrophic Biological Denitrification with Elemental Sulfur or Hydrogen for Complete Removal of Nitrate-Nitrogen from a Septic System Wastewater. Massachusetts (2006).
- Camargo Valero M, Read L, Mara D, Newton R, Curtis T, Davenport R. Nitrification-denitrification in waste stabilisation ponds: a mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds. Water Sci. Technol. 61, 1137–1146 (2010).
- Guieysse B, Plouviez M, Coilhac M, Cazali L. Nitrous oxide (N2O) production in axenic Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cultures: evidence, putative pathways, and potential environmental impacts. Biogeosciences 10, 6737–6746 (2013).
- Cohen Y, Gordon LI. Nitrous oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific: evidence for its consumption during denitrification and possible mechanisms for its production. Deep. Res. 25, 509–524 (1978).
- Weathers PJ. N20 Evolution by green algae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48(6), 1251–1253 (1984).
- Mulbry W, Westhead EK, Pizarro C, Sikora L. Recycling of manure nutrients: use of algal biomass from dairy manure treatment as a slow release fertilizer. Bioresour. Technol. [Internet] 96(4), 451–8 (2005). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491826.
- Young AM. Zeolite – based algae biofilm rotating photobioreactor for algae and biomass production [Internet] All Grad. Theses Diss. 986 (2011). Available from: http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/986.
- Bowmer KH. Inhibition of algal photosynthesis to control pH and reduce ammonia volatilization from rice floodwater. 29(April 1986), 13–29 (1987).
- De Assunção FA, von Sperling M. Importance of the ammonia volatilization rates in shallow maturation ponds treating UASB reactor effluent. Water Sci. Technol. 66(6), 1239–1246 (2012).
- Camargo-Valero MA. Nitrogen transformation pathways and removal mechanisms in domestic wastewater treatment by maturation ponds. PhD thesis, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds (2008). Available from http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~cen6ddm/ThesisMiller.html.
- Camargo Valero (MA.), Mara DD. Nitrogen removal via ammonia volatilization in maturation ponds. Water Sci. Technol. [Internet] 55(11), 87 (2007). Available from: http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/05511/wst055110087.htm.
- Camargo Valero M a, Mara DD. Ammonia volatilisation in waste stabilisation ponds: a cascade of misinterpretations? Water Sci. Technol. [Internet] 61(3), 555–561 (2010). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150690.
- Cussler EL. Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Thorenz UR, Kundel M, Huang R, Hoffmann T. Trace analysis of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by different types of algae. In: European Geosciences Union General Assembly. NASA, Vienna, 202527 (2012).
- Colomb A, Yassaa N, Williams J, Peeken I, Lochte K. Screening volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from five marine phytoplankton species by head space gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). J. Environ. Monit. [Internet] 10(3), 325–30 (2008). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18392274.
- Carpenter LJ, Malin G, Liss PS. Novel biogenic iodine-containing trihalomethanes and other short-lived halocarbons in the coastal east Atlantic. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 14(4), 1191–1204 (2000).
- Ballschmiter K. Pattern and sources of naturally produced organohalogens in the marine environment: biogenic formation of organohalogens. Chemosphere [Internet] 52(2), 313–324 (2003). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738255.
- Ko MKW, Poulet G, Blake DR, et al. Very short-lived halogen and sulfur substances – Report No. 47. In: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002 Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. Geneva (2003).
- Law KS, Sturges WT, Blake DR, et al. Halogenated very short-lived substances – Report No. 50. In: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006 Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. Geneva (2006).
- McFiggans G, Coe H, Burgess R, et al. Direct evidence for coastal iodine particles from Laminaria macroalgae – linkage to emissions of molecular iodine. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 4, 939–967 (2004).
- O’Dowd CD, Jimenez JL, Baherini R, et al. Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions. Nature 417(June) (2002).
- Yoch DC. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: It's sources, role in the marine food web and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68(12), 5804–5815 (2002).
- Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326, 655–661 (1987).
- Matos CT, Gouveia L, Morais ARC, Reis A, Bogel-Lukasik RM. Green metrics evaluation of isoprene production by microalgae and bacteria. Green Chem. [Internet] (2013). Available from: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2013/GC/c3gc40997j.
- Kesselmeier J, Staudt M. Biogenic Volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. J. Atmos. Chem. 23–88 (1999).
- Stone D, Evans MJ, Edwards PM, et al. Isoprene oxidation mechanisms: measurements and modelling of OH and HO2 over a South-East Asian tropical rainforest during the OP3 field campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. [Internet] 11(13), 6749–6771 (2011). Available from: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/6749/2011/.
- Sanderson MG. Effect of climate change on isoprene emissions and surface ozone levels. Geophys. Res. Lett. [Internet] 30(18), 1936 (2003). Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2003GL017642.
- Carlton AG, Wiedinmyer C, Kroll JH. A review of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [Internet] 9(2), 8261–8305 (2009). Available from: http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/8261/2009/.
- Tai APK, Mickley LJ, Heald CL, Wu S. Effect of CO2 inhibition on biogenic isoprene emission: implications for air quality under 2000 to 2050 changes in climate, vegetation, and land use. Geophys. Res. Lett. [Internet] 40(13), 3479–3483 (2013). Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/grl.50650.
- Ferreira J, Reeves CE, Murphy JG, Garcia-Carreras L, Parker DJ, Oram DE. Isoprene emissions modelling for West Africa: MEGAN model evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Atmos. Chem. Phys. [Internet] 10(17), 8453–8467 (2010). Available from: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/8453/2010/.
- Potter CS, Alexander SE, Coughlan JC, Klooster S a. Modeling biogenic emissions of isoprene: exploration of model drivers, climate control algorithms, and use of global satellite observations. Atmos. Environ. [Internet] 35(35), 6151–6165 (2001). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231001003909.
- Monson RK, Holland EA. Biospheric trace gas fluxes and their control over tropospheric chemistry. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32, 547–576 (2001).
- O’Dowd CD, Jimenez JL, Bahreini R, et al. Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions. Nature 417(6889), 632–636 (2002).
- Ashworth DJ, Luo L, Yates SR. Pesticide emissions from soil - fate and predictability. Outlook Pest Manag. 4(1), 4–7 (2013).
- Beatriz Hernández-Carlos MMG-A. Metabolites from freshwater aquatic microalgae and fungi as potential natural pesticides. Phytochem. Rev. 10(2), 261–286 (2011).
- EEA. Environmental impacts: ozone and health. [Internet] (2004). Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/maps/ozone/impacts/bad-for-agriculture.
- Morais MG, Radmann EM, A. CJ. Biofixation of CO2 from synthetic combustion gas using cultivated microalgae in three-stage serial tubular photobioreactors. J. Biosci. 66(5-6), 313–318 (2011).
- Chen G, Davis D, Kasibhatla P, Bandy A, Thornton D, Blake D. A mass-balance/photochemical assessment of DMS sea-to-air flux as inferred from NASA GTE PEW-West A and B observations. J. Geophys. Res. 104(D5), 5471–5482 (1999).
- Renard JJ, Calidonna SE, Henley MV. Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere – a review for applicability to hazardous releases. J. Hazard. Mater. [Internet] 108(1-2), 29–60 (2004). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15081162.
- Ballschmiter K. Pattern and sources of naturally produced organohalogens in the marine environment: biogenic formation of organohalogens. Chemosphere 52(2), 313–324 (2003).
- Kamilli K, Ofner J, Zetzsch C, Held A. Formation of halogen-induced secondary organic aerosol (XOA) 15, 14214 (2013).
- **Handler RM, Canter CE, Kalnes TN, et al. Evaluation of environmental impacts from microalgae cultivation in open-air raceway ponds: analysis of the prior literature and investigation of wide variance in predicted impacts. Algal Res. [Internet] 1(1), 83–92 (2012). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211926412000069.
- Campbell PK, Beer T, Batten D. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae in ponds. Bioresour. Technol. [Internet] 102(1), 50–56 (2011). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594828.
- Clarens AF, Resurreccion EP, White M a, Colosi LM. Environmental life cycle comparison of algae to other bioenergy feedstocks. Environ. Sci. Technol. [Internet] 44(5), 1813–1819 (2010). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20085253.
- Lardon L, Hélias A, Sialve B, Steyer J-P, Bernard O. Life-Cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43(17), 6475–6481 (2009).
- Jorquera O, Kiperstok A, Sales E a, Embiruçu M, Ghirardi ML. Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors. Bioresour. Technol. 101(4), 1406–1413 (2010).
- Razon LF, Tan RR. Net energy analysis of the production of biodiesel and biogas from the microalgae: Haematococcus pluvialis and Nannochloropsis. Appl. Energy. 88(10), 3507–3514 (2011).
- Khoo HH, Sharratt PN, Das P, Balasubramanian RK, Naraharisetti PK, Shaik S. Life cycle energy and CO2 analysis of microalgae-to-biodiesel: preliminary results and comparisons. Bioresour. Technol. 102(10), 5800–5807 (2011).
- Stephenson AL, Kazamia E, Dennis JS, Howe CJ, Scott S a., Smith AG. Life-cycle assessment of potential algal biodiesel production in the United Kingdom: a comparison of raceways and air-lift tubular bioreactors. Energ. Fuels [Internet] 24(7), 4062–4077 (2010). Available from: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef1003123.
- Plappally a. K, Lienhard V JH. Energy requirements for water production, treatment, end use, reclamation, and disposal. Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev. 16(7), 4818–4848 (2012).
- Ozkan A, Kinney K, Katz L, Berberoglu H. Reduction of water and energy requirement of algae cultivation using an algae biofilm photobioreactor. Bioresour. Technol. [Internet] 114, 542–8 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503193.
- Johnson MB, Wen Z. Development of an attached microalgal growth system for biofuel production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85(3), 525–534 (2010).
- Gao C, Zhai Y, Ding Y, Wu Q. Application of sweet sorghum for biodiesel production by heterotrophic microalga Chlorella protothecoides. Appl. Energy [Internet] 87(3), 756–761 (2010). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261909003857.
- Li P, Miao X, Li R, Zhong J. In situ biodiesel production from fast-growing and high oil content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in rice straw hydrolysate. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. [Internet] 2011, 141207 (2011). Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3026997&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
- Lohrey C, Kochergin V. Biodiesel production from microalgae: co-location with sugar mills. Bioresour. Technol. [Internet] 108, 76–82 (2012). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265980.
- Hou J, Zhang P, Yuan X, Zheng Y. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from soybean, jatropha and microalgae in China conditions. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. [Internet] 15(9), 5081–5091 (2011). Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032111002899.