Cold start particle number, size and mass emissions from a CRDI diesel engine running on biodiesel blends in a cold environment

References

• Buyukkaya E. Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. Fuel. 2010;89(10):3099–3105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C. Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil. Renew energ. 2005;30(12):1789–1800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C. Biodiesel. In: Ramadhas AS, editor. Alternative fuels for transportation (1st ed.). New York (NY): CRC Press; 2010; 41–80.
   Google Scholar
• Chuepeng S, Hongming Xu, Tsolakis A, et al. Particulate matter size distribution in the exhaust gas of a modern diesel engine fuelled with a biodiesel blend. Biomass bioenerg. 2011; 35(10):4280–4289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng JH, Ng HK, Gan S. Engine out characterisation using speed-load mapping and reduced test cycle for a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. Fuel. 2011;90(8):2700–2709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartier C, Aronsson U, Andersson O, et al. Effect of injection strategy on cold start performance in an optical light-duty DI diesel engine. SAE Int. J. Engines. 2009;2(2):431–442.
   Google Scholar
• Henein NZ. Diesel engine cold starting: Combustion instability. (SAE Technical Paper 920005). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Haiyong Peng, YC. Improve combustion during cold start of DI diesel engine by EGR under normal ambient temperature. (SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1084). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Han Z, Henein N, Nitu B, et al. Diesel engine cold start combustion instability and control strategy. (SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1237). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Christos Dardiotis GM, Alessandro M, et al. Low-temperature cold-start gaseous emissions of late technology passenger cars. Applied Energy. 2013; 111:468–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielaczyc P, Merkisz J, Pielecha J. Investigation of exhaust emissions from DI diesel engine during cold and warm start. (SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1260). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Stanton DL. Cold starting in direst injection diesel engines. (SAE Technical Paper 82584). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Oberdörster G, Oberdörster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Persp Environ. 2005;113:823–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission E. Implementing and amending Regulation (EC) N. 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. July 18, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• De Filippo A, Ciaravino C, Millo F, et al. Particle number, size and mass emissions of different biodiesel blends versus ULSD from a small displacement automotive diesel engine. (SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0633). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal AK, Dhar A, Srivastava DK, et al. Effect of fuel injection pressure on diesel particulate size and number distribution in a CRDI single cylinder research engine. Fuel. 2013;107:84–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava DK, Agarwak AK, Gupta T. Effect of engine load on size and number distribution of particulate matter emitted from a direct injection compression ignition engine. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2011;11:915–920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwanam Kim BC. The effect of biodiesel and bioethanol blended diesel fuel on nanoparticles and exhuast emissions from CRDI diesel engine. Renew energ. 2010;35:157–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara H, Itoh Y, Henein N, et al. Effect of cetane number with and without additive on cold startability and white smoke emissions in a diesel engine. (SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1476). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Mann N, Joppig P, Sommer H, et al. Fuel effects on the low temperature performance of two generations of mercedes-benz heavy-duty diesel engines. (SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3594). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Peckham M, Finch A, Campbell B, et al. Study of particle number emissions from a turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine including data from a fast-response particle size spectrometer. (SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1224). Warrendale (PA): SAE International; 2011.
   Google Scholar