Experimental investigation of the effect of simultaneous nitrogen, hydrogen and EGR addition in a biodiesel operated CI engine

References

• Herzog P, Bürgler L, Winklhofer E, et al. NOx reduction strategies for DI diesel engines, SAE Technical Paper 920470, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer M, Hofmann L, Girot P, and Rohe R. Investigation of NOx- and PM-reduction by a combination of SCR-catalyst and diesel particulate filter for heavy-duty diesel engine. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2009;2(1):386–98.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson T. Review of diesel emissions and control. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2010;3(1):16–29.
   Google Scholar
• Buyukkaya E, Cerit M. Experimental study of NOx emissions and injection timing of a low heat rejection diesel engine. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2007;47:1096e106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladommatos N, Abdelhalim S, Zhao H, et al. The dilution, chemical, and thermal effects of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine emissions - Part 1: effect of reducing inlet charge oxygen, SAE Technical Paper 961165, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Mkilaha ISN, Inoue M, Kawai D, et al. Simultaneous reduction of particulate matter and NOx in a diesel engine by compressed gas injection: macroscopic study at residual load. IMechE. 1997;211:227e36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papagiannakis RG, Hountalas DT. Experimental investigation concerning the effect of natural gas percentage on performance and emissions of a DI dual fuel diesel engine. Applied Thermal Eng. 2003;23:353e65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White CM, Steeper RR, Lutz AE. The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review. Int. J Hydrogen Energ. 2006;31:1292e305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bika A, Franklin L, Kittelson D. Cycle efficiency and gaseous emissions from a diesel engine assisted with varying proportions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas), SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1194, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Saleh HE. Effect of variation in LPG composition on emissions and performance in a dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel. 2008;87:3031e9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohon Roy M, Najmul Hoque SM, Ariful Islam M, et al. Use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and cyclonic separator for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction in DI diesel engines. J Pertol Gas Eng. 2011;2:54e63.
   Google Scholar
• Turns SR. An introduction to combustion: concepts and applications. 2nd ed. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Maiboom A, Tauzia X, Hetet JF. Experimental study of various effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection diesel engine. Energy. 2008;33:22e34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd-Alla GH. Using exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion engines a review. Energy Convers Manage. 2002;43(14):1027e42.
   Google Scholar
• Lujan JM, Bermu´dez V, Guardiola C, et al. A methodology for combustion detection in diesel engines through in-cylinder pressure derivative signal. Mech Syst Signal Processing. 2010;24:2261e75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose PK, Maji D. An experimental investigation on engine performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine using hydrogen as inducted fuel and diesel as injected fuel with exhaust gas recirculation. Int. J Hydrogen Energ. 2009;34:4847e54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan N, Nagarajan G, Dhanasekaran C, et al. Experimental investigation of hydrogen port fuel injection in DI diesel engine. Int. J Hydrogen Energ. 2007;32:4071e80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan N, Nagarajan G, Narayanasamy S. An experimental investigation on DI diesel engine with hydrogen fuel. Renew Energy. 2008;33:415e21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan N, Nagarajan G, Kalaiselvan KM, et al. An experimental investigation on hydrogen as a dual fuel for diesel engine system with exhaust gas recirculation technique. Renew Energy. 2008;33:422e7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buomsik Shin, Youngsoo Cho, Daeha Han, et al. Hydrogen effects on NOx emissions and brake thermal efficiency in a diesel engine under low-temperature and heavy-EGR conditions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2011;36:6281e6291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanos Christodoulou and Athanasios Megaritis. Experimental investigation of the effects of simultaneous hydrogen and nitrogen addition on the emissions and combustion of a diesel engine. Int. J Hydrogen Energ. 2014;39:2692e2702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsolakis A, Megaritis A. Partially premixed charge compression ignition engine with on-board H2 production by exhaust gas fuel reforming of diesel and biodiesel. Int. J Hydrogen Energ. 2005;30:731e45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Lu Y, Du T.Back fire in hydrogen fueled engine and its control’ Proceedings of the international symposium on hydrogen systems. Beijing, China: China Academic Publishers; p. 7–11, Beijing: Pergamon Press Oxford; 1985. p. 115–25.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekstra R, Van Blarigan P, Mulligan N. NOx emissions and efficiency of hydrogen, natural gas, and hydrogen/natural gas blended fuels, SAE Technical Paper 961103, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Lee SJ, Yi Hs, Kim Es. Combustion characteristics of Intake Port injection type Hydrogen fueled engine. Int J Hydrogen Energ. 1995; 0360–3199(94) 00052—2 20(4)317–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyehara O. A method to estimate H2 in engine exhaust and factors that affect NOx and particulate in diesel engine exhaust, SAE Technical Paper 910732, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Shudo T, Yamada H. Hydrogen as an ignition-controlling agent for HCCI combustion engine by suppressing the low temperature oxidation. Int J Hydrogen Energ. 2007;32: 3066e72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatts T, Liu SY, Liew C, et al. An experimental investigation of incomplete combustion of gaseous fuels of a heavy-duty diesel engine supplemented with hydrogen and natural gas. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2012;37:7848–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owston R, Magi V, Abraham J. Wall interactions of hydrogen flames compared with hydrocarbon flames, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1466, 2007.
   Google Scholar