References
- Biswas AK, Yang W, Blasiak W. Steam pretreatment of Salix to upgrade biomass fuel for wood pellet production. Fuel Process. Technol. 2011;92(9):1711–1717.
- World Growth. The economic benefit of palm oil to Indonesia. 2011;(February).
- Alam MZ, Muyibi Sa, Mansor MF, et al. Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches: application to environmental problems. J. Environ. Sci. 2007;19(1):103–108.
- Stemann J, Erlach B, Ziegler F. Hydrothermal carbonisation of empty palm oil fruit bunches: laboratory trials, plant simulation, carbon avoidance, and economic feasibility. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2012;4(3):441–454.
- Hu B, Yu S-H, Wang K, et al. Functional carbonaceous materials from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: an effective chemical process. Dalton Trans. 2008;40:5389–5512.
- Sevilla M, Fuertes aB. The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose. Carbon N. Y. 2009;47(9):2281–2289.
- Hoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass. Energ. Fuel. 2011;25(4):1802–1810.
- Areeprasert C, Zhao P, Ma D, et al. Alternative solid fuel production from paper sludge employing hydrothermal treatment. Energ. Fuel. 2014;28(2):1198–1206.
- Parshetti GK, Kent Hoekman S, Balasubramanian R. Chemical, structural and combustion characteristics of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of palm empty fruit bunches. Bioresour. Technol.2013;135:683–9.
- Yan W, Acharjee TC, Coronella CJ, et al. Thermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Environ. Prog. Sustain. 2009;28(3):435–440.
- Reza MT, Lynam JG, Uddin MH, et al. Hydrothermal carbonization: Fate of inorganics. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2013;49:86–94.
- Mursito AT, Hirajima T, Sasaki K. Upgrading and dewatering of raw tropical peat by hydrothermal treatment. Fuel. 2010;89(3):635–641.
- Zhao P, Shen Y, Ge S, et al. Energy recycling from sewage sludge by producing solid biofuel with hydrothermal carbonization. Energy Convers. Manag. 2014;78:815–821.
- Prawisudha P, Namioka T, Yoshikawa K. Coal alternative fuel production from municipal solid wastes employing hydrothermal treatment. Appl. Energy. 2012;90(1):298–304.
- Liu Z, Balasubramanian R. Upgrading of waste biomass by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and low temperature pyrolysis (LTP): a comparative evaluation. Appl. Energy. 2014;114:857–864.
- Ross AB, Biller P, Kubacki ML, et al. Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using alkali and organic acids. Fuel. 2010;89(9):2234–2243.
- Sun XH, Sumida H, Yoshikawa K. Effects of hydrothermal process on the nutrient release of sewage sludge. Int. J. Waste Resour. 2013;3(2).
- Nakhshiniev B, Gonzales HB, Yoshikawa K. Hydrothermal treatment of date palm lignocellulose residue for organic fertilizer conversion: effect on cell wall and aerobic segradation rate. Compost Sci. Util. 2012;20(4):245–253.
- Kieseler S, Neubauer Y, Zobel N. Ultimate and proximate correlations for estimating the higher heating value of hydrothermal solids. Energ. Fuel. 2013;27(2):908–918.
- Gil MV, Casal D, Pevida C, et al. Thermal behaviour and kinetics of coal/biomass blends during co-combustion. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101(14):5601–8.
- Muthuraman M, Namioka T, Yoshikawa K. A comparative study on co-combustion performance of municipal solid waste and Indonesian coal with high ash Indian coal: A thermogravimetric analysis. Fuel Process. Technol. 2010;91(5):550–558.
- Silva MEF, Lemos LT, Bastos MMSM, et al. Recovery of humic-like susbtances from low quality composts. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;128:624–32.
- Kobayashi N, Okada N, Hirakawa A, et al. Characteristics of solid residues obtained from hot-compressed-water treatment of woody biomass. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009;48(1):373–379.
- Sevilla M, Fuertes AB. Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides. Chemistry. 2009;15(16):4195–203.
- Lynam JG, Coronella CJ, Yan W, et al. Acetic acid and lithium chloride effects on hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 2011;102(10):6192–6199.
- Pronobis M. Evaluation of the influence of biomass co-combustion on boiler furnace slagging by means of fusibility correlations. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2005;28(4):375–383.
- Tortosa Masiá aa, Buhre BJP, Gupta RP, et al. Characterising ash of biomass and waste. Fuel Process. Technol. 2007;88(11-12):1071–1081.
- Mohammed Maa, Salmiaton a, Wan Azlina WaKG, et al. Gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunches: a characterization and kinetic study. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;110:628–36.
- Haykırı-ac H. Combustion characteristics of different biomass materials. Energy Convers. Manag. 2003;44:155–162.
- Khan AA, de Jong W, Jansens PJ, et al. Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: potential problems and remedies. Fuel Process. Technol. 2009;90(1):21–50.
- Demirbas A. Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2004;30(2):219–230.
- Funke A, Ziegler F. Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering. Biofuels, Bioprod. Biorefining. 2010;4(2):160–177.
- Nurdiawati A, Novianti S, Zaini IN, et al. Production of low-potassium solid fuel from empty fruit bunches (EFB) by employing hydrothermal treatment and water washing process. J. Japan Inst. Energy. 2015; 94:775–780.
- Kapanen a, Itävaara M. Ecotoxicity tests for compost applications. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2001;49(1):1–16.
- Nakhshiniev B, Biddinika MK, Gonzales HB, et al. Evaluation of hydrothermal treatment in enhancing rice straw compost stability and maturity. Bioresour. Technol. 2014; 151:306–313.