Woody biomass energy efficiency pathways: public policy implications

References

• U.S. Energy Information Administration (US EIA). Renewable energy explained. Available from: http://www.eia.gov/EnergyExplained/print.cfm?page=renewable_home ( Accessed 10 December 2015).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Renewable energy in the clean power plan. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-11/documents/fs-cpp-renewable-energy.pdf ( Accessed 10 December 2015).
   Google Scholar
• McCabe J. The role of biomass in achieving clean power plan goals: a 2016 workshop to foster a constructive discussion. 2015. Available at: https://blog.epa.gov/blog/2015/11/the-role-of-biomass.
   Google Scholar
• Lantiainen S, Song N, Aguilar FX. Chapter 8: public policy promoting wood energy in the EU and US. In: Wood energy in developed economies: sustainable resource management, economics and policy. London: EarthScan; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE). U.S. Billion-Ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry, ORNL/TM-2011/224. Oak Ridge (TN): Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Agostini A, Giuntoli J, Boulamanti A. Carbon accounting of forest bioenergy: conclusions and recommendations from a critical literature review. In: Marelli L, editor. Report EUR 25354 EN, joint research center of the European commissions. Luxembourg: European Union; 2013. p. 1–87.
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar FX, Song N, Shifley SR. Review of consumption trends and public policies promoting woody biomass as an energy feedstock in the U.S. Biomass Bioenerg. 2011;35:3708–3718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern Research Institute. Environmental and sustainable technology evaluation-biomass Co-firing in industrial boilers—Minnesota power's rapids energy center. EPA Contract No. EP-C-04-056. Washington (DC): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Stupak I, Asikainen A, Jonsell M, et al. Sustainable utilisation of forest biomass for energy—possibilities and problems: policy, legislation, certification, and recommendations and guidelines in the Nordic, Baltic, and other European countries. Biomass Bioenerg. 2007;31:666–684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippke B, Gustafson R, Venditti R, et al. Comparing life-cycle carbon and energy impacts for biofuel, wood product, and forest management. Forest Prod J. 2012;62:247–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Energy Information Agency (US EIA). Monthly energy review july 2014. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Energy; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Woodall CW, Ince PJ, Skog KE, et al. An overview of the forest products sector downturn in the United States. Forest Prod J. 2012;61:595–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar FX, Glavonjić B, Hartkamp R, et al. Chapter 9: wood energy market, 2014-2015. In: United nations forest products annual market review. 2015. p. 91–104. Available from: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/timber/publications/2015-FPAMR-E.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Song N, Aguilar FX, Shifley SR, et al. Analysis of U.S. household wood energy consumption: 1967-2009. Energ Econ. 2012;34:2116–2124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Energy Information Administration (US EIA). Electricity: detailed state data. Available from: http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/state/annual_generation_state.xls. Released October 21, 2015 ( Accessed 1 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• DSIRE. Database of stat incentives for renewable & efficiency. Available from: www.dsireusa.org/summarytables/index.cfm?ee=0&RE=1 ( Accessed 1 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. Pub. L. 110-246. 122 Stat. 1841 ( June 1 2008).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Federal Register. Biomass crop assistance program; final rule. 7 CFR Part 1450. 2010;75(207):66202–66243.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Renewable fuel standard (RFS2): final rule. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard-program/renewable-fuel-standard-rfs2-final-rule#rule-summary ( Accessed 1 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. Biomass crop assistance program (BCAP) qualified biomass conversion facilities(BCF's) FY2016, qualification for BCAP matching payments on approved contracts, June 15, 2016 through August 4,20. Available from: https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/Energy/bcap_facility_listing_FY2016.pdf ( Accessed August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar FX, Saunders A. Policy instruments promoting wood for energy uses: evidence from the continental U.S. J Forestry. 2010;108(3):132–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Energy Star. Federal tax credits for consumer energy efficiency. Available from: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=tax_credits.tx_index ( Accessed April 2014).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE). Office of energy efficiency and renewable energy. biomass: multi-year program plan. DOE/EE-0702. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Energy; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Energy Information Administration (US EIA). Renewable energy annual 2008. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Energy; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Yue D, You F, Snyder SW. Biomass-to-bioenergy and biofuel supply chain optimization: overview, key issues and challenges. Comput Chem Eng. 2014;66:36–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song N, Aguilar FX, Shifley SR, et al. Factors affecting wood energy consumption by U.S. households. Energ Econ. 2012;34:389–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerndt MG, Aguilar FX, Skog K. Drivers of biomass co-firing in US coal-fired power plants. Biomass Bioenerg. 2013;58:158–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC). Wood pellet heating, a reference on wood pellet fuel and technology for small commercial and institutional system. Boston (MA): Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• California Air Resources Board. Wood burning handbook protecting the environment and saving money. Sacramento (CA): California Environmental Protection Agency; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences. Biomass sustainability and carbon policy study. Brunswick (ME): Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Boundy B, Diegel SW, Wright L, et al. Biomass energy data book. 4th ed. Oak Ridge (TN): Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• USDA Forest Product Laboratory TechLine: fuel value calculator. Madison (WI): USDA Forest Product Laboratory; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson Pacific Corporate. Biomass fuel processing. Available from: www.petersoncorp.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957:biomass-fuel-processing&catid=155:applications&Itemid=923 ( Access 1 December 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Webster P. Large Chippers. Internal Project Information Notes 19/06. Forest Research, UK Forest Commission, Farnham, UK; 2007. (Technical Development Report Number 500S/37/06 & FR06054).
   Google Scholar
• Magelli F, Boucher K, Bi HT, et al. An environmental impact assessment of exported wood pellets from Canada to Europe. Biomass Bioenerg. 2009;33:434–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katers JF, Snippen A. Life cycle-inventory and wood pellet manufacturing in Wisconsin. Green Bay (WI): Public Service Commission of Wisconsin & the Statewide Energy Efficiency and Renewable Administration; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Maker TM. Wood chip heating system, a guide for institutional and commercial biomass installations. Montpelier, Vermont, USA: Biomass Energy Resource Center; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. National Energy Technological Laboratory (NETL). Coal-fired power plants (CFPPS): supercritical and ultra supercritical boilers. Available from: www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/cfpp/technologies/supercritical_utltr_boilers.html ( Accessed 1 December 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Spelter H, Toth D. Northern America's wood pellet sector. FPL-RP-656. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: USDA Forest Product laboratory; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Bailis R., Drigo R., Ghilardi A., et al. The carbon footprint of traditional woodfuels. Nat Clim Change. 2015;5:266–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar FX, Cai Z, Mohebalian P, et al. U.S. consumers’ preference for vehicle fuels: a conjoint analysis of ethanol fuel blends. Energ Econ. 2015;49:217–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. Patrick-Murray administration announces enactment of biomass regulations. Available from: www.mass.gov/eea/pr-2012/120817-pr-biomass.html ( Accessed 5 Sept 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21th Century. Renewable 2013 Global Status Report. ISBN 978-3-9815934-0-2. Paris, France; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Resource Dynamics Corporation. Distributed energy program report: combined heat and power market potential for opportunity fuel. Washington (DC): U.S Department of Energy; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Egger C, Ohlinger C, Dell G. Successful wood energy development and implementation: sustainable heating in Upper Austria. In: Wood energy in developed economies: sustainable resource management, economics and policy. London: EarthScan; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Final new source performance standards for residential wood heaters. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/residential-wood-heaters/final-new-source-performance-standards-residential-wood-heaters ( Accessed 10 December 2015).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U EPA). Consumers – energy efficiency and wood-burning stoves and fireplaces. Available from: www.epa.gov/burnwise/energyefficiency.html ( Accessed 2 August 2014).
   Google Scholar