Impact of torrefaction on fuel property of tropical biomass feedstocks

References

• International Energy Agency (IEA). World energy outlook. Paris: Head of Communication and Information Office; 2007. p. 11–23.
   Google Scholar
• Oroka O, Akhihiero TE. Production of fuel briquettes and biogas from water hyacinth- cow dung mixture for domestic and agro- industrial application in Nigerian. In: Galadima AA, editor, Compendium of Oil and Gas Research. Abuja, Nigeria: Petroleum Technology Development Fund; 2003. p. 458–523.
   Google Scholar
• Antwi-Boasiako C, Acheampong BB. Strength properties and calorific values of sawdust-briquettes as wood-residue energy generation source from tropical hardwoods of different densities. Biomass Bioenergy. 2016;85:144–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko C-H, Wanga Y-N, Chang F-C, et al. Potentials of lignocellulosicbioethanols produced from hardwood in Taiwan. Energy. 2012;44:329–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilaipon P. Physical characteristics of maize cob briquettes under moderate die pressure. Am J Appl Sci. 2007;4:995–998.
   Google Scholar
• Ojeda K, Sánchez E, Kafarov V. Sustainable ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass - application of exergy analysis. Energy. 2011;36:2119–2128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garba MU, Alhassan M, Kovo AS. A Review of Advances and Quality Assessment of Biofuels. Leonardo J Sci. 2006;9:167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Garba MU, Ingham DB, Ma L, et al. Numerical assessment of ash sintering for co-combustion of coal with biomass fuels. Fuel. 2012;113:863–872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diji C. Electricity production from biomass in Niggeria: options, prospects and challenges. IntJ Eng Appl Sci. 2013;3(4):81–87.
   Google Scholar
• Jidere BE. Energy and power development in Nigeria: prospects, challenges, and way forward. Convocation Lecture at the 23rd held in Federal University of Technology; 2014; Minna, Nigeria; p. 11–12.
   Google Scholar
• Garba MU. Prediction of ash deposition for biomass combustion and coal/biomass co-combustion [PhD thesis]. Leeds: Leeds University Library; 2013. p. 130–140.
   Google Scholar
• Garba MU, Ingham DB, Ma L, et al. Prediction of potassium chloride sulphation and its effect on deposition of biomass-fired boilers. Energy Fuels. 2012;26(11):6501–6508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nola G, Jong D, Spliethoff WD. TG–FTIR characterization of coal and biomass single fuels and blends under slow heating rate conditions: partitioning of the fuel-bound nitrogen. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;91:103–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garba MU, Oloruntoba JM, Isah AG, et al. Production of solid fuel from rice straw through torrefaction process. Int J SciEng Invest. 2014;4(37): 43715–01.
   Google Scholar
• Sadaka S, Negi S. Improvements of biomass physical and thermochemical characteristics via torrefaction process. Environ Prog Sustainable Energy. 2009;28(3):427–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipinsky ES, Arcate JR, Reed TB. Enhanced wood fuels via torrefaction. Fuel Chem Div Preprints. 2002;47(1):408–410.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman PCA, Boersma AR, Zwart RWH et al. Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations. ECN-C–05-013 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Akowuah JO, Kemausuor F, Mitchual SJ. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Market Potential of Sawdust Charcoal Briquette. Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology; 2012, Beijing. China. p. 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Felfli FF, Luengo C, Jose Antonio Suárez JA et al. Wood briquette torrefaction. Energy Sustainable Develop. 2005;IX(3):20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Chen W, Cheng W, Lu K, et al. An evaluation on improvement of pulverized biomass property for solid fuel through torrefaction. Appl Energy. 2001;88:3636–3644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger J, Bar-Ziv E, Shonnard D. Unified kinetic model for torrefaction–pyrolysis. Fuel Process Technol. 2015;138:175–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JM, Bridgeman TG, Darvell LI, et al. Williams A: Combustion properties of torrefied willow compared with bituminous coals. Fuel Process Technol. 2012;101:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousset P, Aguiar C, Labbe N, et al. Enhancing the combustible properties of bamboo by torrefaction. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102(17):8225–8231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgeman TG, Jones JM, Shield I, et al. Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties. Fuel. 2008;87(6):844–856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins MJ, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen FJG. More efficient biomass gassification via torrefaction. Energy. 2006;31 3458–3470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Wu Y, Liu Q, et al. Analysis of the behavior of pollutant gas emissions during wheat straw/coal cofiring by TG–FTIR. Fuel Process Technol. 2001;92:1037–1041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WH, Hsu HC, Lu KM, et al. Thermal pretreatment of wood (Lauan) block by torrefaction and its influence on the properties of the biomass. Energy. 2011;36(5):3012–3021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeeban P, Oh SE. Effect of torrefaction on the properties of corn stalk to enhance solid fuel qualities. Energies. 2014;7:5586–5600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboyade AO, Görgens JF, Carrier M, et al. Thermogravimetric study of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of coal blends with corn and sugarcane residues. Fuel Process Technol. 2013;106:310–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani S, Tabil L.G., Sokhansanj S. Grinding performance and physical properties of wheat and barley straws, corn starch and switchgrass. Biomass Bioenergy. 2004;27(4) 339–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-H, Lee S-M, Lee H-W et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of products from the torrefaction of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Bioresour Technol. 2012;116:120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang HP, Yan R, Chen H, et al. A study onthe mechanism of palm oil wastes pyrolysis in a packed bed. Energy Fuel. 2006;20:1321–1328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilba K, Ouensanga A. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopicstudy of thermal degradation of sugar cane bagasse. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 1996;38:61–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas A. Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions ofbiomass. Energy Convers Manage. 2000;41:633–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oksman K, Etang JA, Mathew AP, et al. Cellulose nanowhiskers separated from a bio-residue from wood bioethanol production. Biomass Bioenergy, 2011;35(1):146–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haiping Y, Rong Y, Hanping C, et al. Chuguang Zheng Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel. 2007;86:1781–1788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar