Performance analysis and emissions profile of cottonseed oil biodiesel–ethanol blends in a CI engine

References

• Nanthagopal K, Ashok B, Raj RTK. Influence of fuel injection pressures on Calophylluminophyllum methyl ester fuelled direct injection diesel engine. Energ Convers Manage. 2016;116:165–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graboski MS, McCormick RL. Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines. Prog Energ Combust Sci. 1998;24(2):125–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali Y, Hanna MA. Alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oils. Bioresource Technol. 1994;50(2):153–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ashok B, Ashok SD, Kumar CR. LPG diesel dual fuel engine–A critical review. Alexandria Eng J. 2015;54(2):105–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar MS, Kerihuel A, Bellettre J, et al. Experimental investigations on the use of preheated animal fat as fuel in a compression ignition engine. Renew Energ. 2005;30(9):1443–1456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong HR, Khan MR, Chowdhury MNK, et al. Synthesis and characterization of CuO/C catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acid in rubber seed oil. Fuel. 2014;120:195–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimbun J, Ali S, Kanwal CCSC, et al. Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using activated cement clinker as catalyst. Procedia Eng. 2013;53:13–19.
   Google Scholar
• Aydin H, Ilkılıc C. Effect of ethanol blending with biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a CI engine. Appl Therm Eng. 2010;30:1199–1204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayraktar H. An experimental study on the performance parameters of an experimental CI engine fueled with diesel–methanol–dodecanol blends. Fuel. 2008;87(2):158–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabektas M, Hosoz M. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Renew Energ. 2009;34(6):1554–1559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwanchareon P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-In S. Solubility of a diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel. 2007;86(7):1053–1061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X, Yu Y, He H, et al. Emission characteristics using methyl soyate–ethanol–diesel fuel blends on a diesel engine. Fuel. 2005;84(12):1543–1549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid U, Anwar F, Knothe G. Evaluation of biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil. Fuel Process Technol. 2009;90(9):1157–1163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi MN, Rahman MM, Akhter MS. Biodiesel from cotton seed oil and its effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Appl Therm Eng. 2009;29(11):2265–2270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin M, Prithviraj D. Performance of pre-heated cottonseed oil and diesel fuel blends in a compression ignition engine. Jordan J Mech Ind Eng. 2011;5(3).
   Google Scholar
• Kolhe AV, Shelke RE, Khandare SS. Performance, Combustion and Emission characteristics of a Diesel Engine with Biodiesel from Cotton Seed oil as Alternate Fuels. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2013;2(11):2400–2405.
   Google Scholar
• Kale BN, Prayagi SV. Performance analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester for compression ignition engines. Int J Emer Technol Adv Eng. 2012;2(8):117–120.
   Google Scholar
• Lal R. Biofuels and carbon offsets. Biofuels. 2014;5(1):21–27.
   Google Scholar
• Shi X, Pang X, Mu Y, et al. Emission reduction potential of using ethanol–biodiesel–diesel fuel blend on a heavy-duty diesel engine. Atmos Environ. 2006;40(14):2567–2574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz N. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel–ethanol and biodiesel–methanol blends at elevated air temperatures. Fuel. 2012;94:440–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Wang JF. Biodiesel preparation from transesterification of cotton seed oil by solid acids catalysis. Chinese J Process Eng. 2006;6(4):571.
   Google Scholar
• Ma F, Hanna MA. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technol. 1999;70(1):1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz N. Effects of intake air preheat and fuel blend ratio on a diesel engine operating on biodiesel–methanol blends. Fuel. 2012;94:444–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz N, Vigil FM, Donaldson AB, et al. Investigation of CI engine emissions in biodiesel–ethanol–diesel blends as a function of ethanol concentration. Fuel. 2014;115:790–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar