Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine

References

• Kisenyi J, Savage C, Simmonds A. The impact of oxygenates on exhaust emissions of six European cars. SAE Technical Paper 940929. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers(SAE); 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Di Y, Cheung CS, Huang Z. Experimental study on particulate emission of a diesel engine fueled with blended ethanol-dodecanol-diesel. J Aerosol Sci. 2009;40:101–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imdadul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, et al. Higher alcohol-biodiesel-diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission, and combustion of a light-duty diesel engine. Energ Convers Manage. 2016;111:174–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelman H. Alcohols in diesel engine. SAE paper no.790956. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 1979.
   Google Scholar
• An H, Yang WM, Li J. Effects of ethanol addition on biodiesel combustion: A modeling study. Appl Energ. 2015;143:176–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu L, Cheung CS, Zhang WG, et al. Emission's characteristics of a diesel engine operating on biodiesel and biodiesel blended with ethanol and methanol. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408:914–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britto RF, Martins CA. Experimental analysis of a diesel engine operating in Diesel–Ethanol Dual-Fuel mode. Fuel. 2014;134:140–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh AP, Agarwal AK. Combustion characteristics of diesel HCCI engine: An experimental investigation using external mixture formation technique. Appl Energ. 2009;99:116–125.
   Google Scholar
• Maurya RK, Agarwal AK. Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol fuelled port injected homogeneous charge Compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engine. Appl Energ. 2011;88:1169–80. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage. 2004;45:2429–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szwaja S, Naber JD. Combustion of n-butanol in a spark-ignition IC engine. Fuel. 2010;89:1573–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayraktar H. An experimental study on the performance parameters of an experimental CI engine fueled with diesel-methanol-dodecanol blends. Fuel. 2008;87:158–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furey RL, Perry KL. Composition and reactivity of fuel vapor emissions from gasoline-oxygenate blends. SAE Technical Paper No. 912429.Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Naegeli DW, Lacey PI, Alger MJ, et al. Surface corrosion in ethanol fuel pumps. SAE Technical Paper 971648; Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Boretti A. Advantages of converting diesel engines to run as dual fuel ethanol-diesel. Appl Thermal Eng. 2012;47:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beer T, Grant T. Life-cycle analysis of emissions from fuel ethanol and blends in Australian heavy and light vehicles. J Clean Prod. 2007;15:833–837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beer T, Grant T, Williams D, et al. Fuel-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from alternative fuels in Australian heavy vehicles. Atmos Environ. 2002;36:753–763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeuland N, Montagne X, Gautrot X. Potentiality of ethanol as a fuel for dedicated engine [C]. In: IFP international conference, which fuels for low CO2 engines? Paris, 2004;07–19.
   Google Scholar
• Owen K, Coley T. Automotive fuels reference book. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Dinesha P, Nayak V, Shankar KS, et al. Studies on the environmental emission and performance of a single cylinder CI engine with enhanced intake air oxygen combustion. Biofuels. 2014;5(6):713–721.
   Google Scholar
• Maurya RK, Agarwal AK. Experimental investigation on the effect of intake air temperature and air–fuel ratio on cycle-to-cycle variations of HCCI combustion and performance parameters [J]. Appl Energ. 2011;88:1153–1163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei J, Shen L, Bi Y, et al. A novel emulsifier for ethanol-diesel blends and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engine. Fuel. 2012;93:305–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu L, Cheung CS, Zhang WG, et al. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol-biodiesel blends. Fuel. 2011;90:1743–1750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Kakaras EC, et al. Effects of ethanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions of heavy duty DI diesel engine. Energ Convers Manage. 2008;49:3155–3162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed I. Oxygenated diesel: emissions and performance characteristics of ethanol-diesel blends in CI engines [J]. SAE Technical Paper No. 2001-01-247.Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Xing-cai L, Jian-Guang Y, Wu-Gao Z, et al. Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel blend fuel. Fuel. 2004;83:2013–2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He BQ, Shuai SJ, Wang JX, et al. The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine. Atmos Environ. 2003;37:4965–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang RD, He H, Shi XY, et al. Preparation and emission characteristics of ethanol–diesel fuel blends. J Environ Sci. 2004;16:793–796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholas C, Surawski ZD, Ristovski RJ, et al. Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine. Energy Convers Manage. 2012;54:145–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinesha P, Mohanan P. Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid. Biofuels. 2015;6:101–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kima H, Choi B. Effect of ethanol-diesel blend fuels on emission and particle size distribution in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with warm-up catalytic converter. Renew Energ. 2008;33:2222–2228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang Q, Fang J, Zhuang J, et al. Effects of ethanol-diesel-biodiesel blends on combustion and emissions in premixed low temperature combustion. Appl Therm Eng. 2013;54:541–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz N, Vigil FM, Burl Donaldson A, et al. Investigation of CI engine emissions in biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends as a function of ethanol concentration. Fuel. 2014;115:790–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz N, Vigil FM. Potential use of a blend of diesel, biodiesel, alcohols and vegetable oil in compression ignition engines. Fuel. 2014;124:168–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beatrice C, Napolitano P, Guido C. Injection parameter optimization by DoE of a light-duty diesel engine fed by Bio-ethanol/RME/diesel blend. Appl Energ. 2014;113:373–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labeckas G, Slavinskas S, Mazeika M. The effect of ethanol–diesel–biodiesel blends on combustion, performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine. Energ Convers Manage. 2014;79:698–720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayashankara B, Ganesan V. Effect of fuel injection timing and intake pressure on the performance of a DI diesel engine – A parametric study using CFD. Energy Convers Manage. 2010;51:1835–1848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang KM, Ng HK, Gan S. Investigation of fuel injection pattern on soot formation and oxidation processes in a light-duty diesel engine using integrated CFD-reduced chemistry. Fuel. 2012;96:404–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobasheri R, Peng Z, Mirsalim SM. Analysis the effect of advanced injection strategies on engine performance and pollutant emissions in a heavy duty DI-diesel engine by CFD modeling. Int J Heat Fluid Fl. 2012;33:59–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Z, Uludogan A, Hampson GJ, et al. Mechanism of soot and NOx emission reduction using multiple-injection in a diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper (No. 960633); Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive engineers (SAE); 1996
   Google Scholar
• Soni DK, Gupta R. Emission control using methanol, ethanol and butanol in diesel engine: A comparison through CFD simulation. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 2015;12:17–23.
   Google Scholar
• FIRE v2011 Manuals. Graz, Austria: AVL LIST GmbH; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Colin O, Benkenida A. The 3-zones extended coherent flame model (ECFM3Z) for computing premixed/diffusion combustion. Oil Gas Sci Technol. 2004;59:593–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo KK. Principles of combustion. India: Wiley; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Qi D, Leick M, Liu Y, et al. Effect of EGR and injection timing on combustion and emission characteristics of split injection strategy DI-diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Fuel. 2011;90:1884–1891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajay EA, Singh B, Bhattacharya TK. Experimental study of some performance parameters of a constant speed stationary diesel engine using ethanol–diesel blends as fuel. Biomass Bioenerg. 1999;17:357–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petranovic Z, Vujanovic M, Duic N. Towards a more sustainable transport sector by numerically simulating fuel spray and pollutant formation in diesel engines. J Clean Prod. 2014;88:272–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Song Ki H, Litzinger T, et al. Reduction of PAH and soot in premixed ethylene–air flames by addition of ethanol. Combust Flame. 2006;144:675–687.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar