References
- Nandan A, Yadav BP, Baksi S, et al. Recent scenario of solid waste management in India. World Sci News. 2017;66:56–74.
- Liu H, Ma X, Li L, et al. The catalytic pyrolysis of food waste by microwave heating. Bioresour Technol. 2014;166:45–50.
- Zhang L, Jahng D. Long-term anaerobic digestion of food waste stabilized by trace elements. Waste Manag. 2012;32:1509–1515.
- Nahman A, De Lange W, Oelofse S, et al. The costs of household food waste in South Africa. Waste Manag. 2012;32:2147–2153.
- Kaushik R, Parshetti GK, Liu Z, et al. Enzyme-assisted hydrothermal treatment of food waste for co-production of hydrochar and bio-oil. Bioresour Technol. 2014;168:267–274.
- Chen Y, Cheng JJ, Creamer KS. Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: a review. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:4044–4064.
- Parshetti GK, Chowdhury S, Balasubramanian R. Hydrothermal conversion of urban food waste to chars for removal of textile dyes from contaminated waters. Bioresour Technol. 2014;161:310–319.
- Mahmood R, Parshetti GK, Balasubramanian R. Energy, energy and techno-economic analyses of hydrothermal oxidation of food waste to produce hydro-char and bio-oil. Energy. 2016;102:187–198.
- Chen WH, Kuo PC. A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry. Energy. 2010;35:2580–2586.
- Bilgic E, Yaman S, Haykiri-Acma H, et al. Is torrefaction of polysaccharides-rich biomass equivalent to carbonization of lignin-rich biomass? Bioresour Technol. 2016;200:201–207.
- Vavouraki AI, Angelis EM, Kornaros M. Optimization of thermo-chemical hydrolysis of kitchen wastes. Waste Manag. 2013;33:740–745.
- Pham TPT, Kaushik R, Parshetti GK, et al. Food waste-to-energy conversion technologies: current status and future directions. Waste Manage. 2015;38:399–408.
- Nakanishi A, Tamai M, Kawasaki N, et al. Characterization of water adsorption onto carbonaceous materials produced from food wastes. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2002;255:59–63.
- Aysu T, Küçük MM. Biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and characterization of products. Energy. 2014;4:1002–1025.
- Lehmann J, Joseph S. Biochar for environmental management: Science and Technology. London: Earthscan; 2009.
- Ahmed II, Gupta AK. Pyrolysis and gasification of food waste: syngas characteristics and char gasification kinetics. App Energy. 2010;87:101–108.
- Feili HR, Ahmadian P, Rabiei E. Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste systems to prioritize and compare their methods with multi-criteria decision making. J Resistive Econom. 2014;2:38–46.
- De S, Debnath B. Prevalence of health hazards associated with solid waste disposal- A case study of Kolkata, India. Procedia Environ Sci. 2016;35:201–208.
- Jeya JA, Anderson V, Sriram RB, et al. Waste into energy conversion technologies and conversion of food wastes into the potential products: a review. Int J Amb Energy. 2018; 2018. 1537939
- Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black. Front Ecol Environ. 2007;5:381–387.
- Sohi S, Loez-Capel SE, Krull E, et al. Biochar’s roles in soil and climate change: a review of research needs. CSIRO, land and water science report 05/09, February; 64 pp. www.ias.ac.in/currsci/10nov2010//1218.pdf.
- Du Z, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae for biofuel production. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:4890–4896.
- Lei H, Ren S, Wang L, et al. Microwave pyrolysis of distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) for biofuel production. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:6208–6213.
- Yin C. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for liquid biofuels production-A review. Bioresour Technol. 2012;120:273–284.
- Rago YP, Surroop D, Mohee R. Assessing the potential of biofuel (biochar) production from food wastes through thermal treatment. Bioresour Technol. 2018;248:258–264.
- Annual books of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia: PA; 1993.
- Abnisa F, Wan Daud WMA, Husin WNW, et al. Utilization possibilities of palm shell as a source of biomass energy in Malaysia by producing bio-oil in pyrolysis process. Biomass Bioenerg. 2011;35:1863–1872.
- Box GEP, Wilson KB. On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J Royal Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological). 2011;13:1–45.
- Sahu JN, Acharya J, Meikap BC. Response surface modeling and optimization of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution using Tamarind wood activated carbon in batch process. J Hazard Mater. 2009;172:818–825.
- Ren S, Lei H, Wang L, et al. Biofuel production and kinetics analysis for microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellet. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2012;94:163–169.
- Jamaluddin MA, Ismail K, Ishak MAM, et al. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). Renew Energy. 2013;55:357–365.
- Meredith R. Engineers’ handbook of industrial microwave heating. London, UK: The Institution of Electrical Engineers; 1998.
- Domı´Nguez A, Mene´Ndez JA, Inguanzo M, et al. Production of bio-fuels by high temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge using conventional and microwave heating. Bioresour Technol. 2006;97:1185–1193.
- Salema AA, Ani FN. Microwave induced pyrolysis of oil palm biomass. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:3388–3395.
- Longjun L, Xiaoqian M, Qing X, et al. Influence of microwave power, metal oxides and metal salts on the pyrolysis of algae. Bioresour Technol. 2013;142:469–474.
- Huang YF, Kuan WH, Lo SL, et al. Hydrogen-rich fuel gas from rice straw via microwave-induced pyrolysis. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101:1968–1973.
- Hu Z, Ma X, Chen C. A study on experimental characteristic of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae. Bioresour Technol. 2012;107:487–493.
- Brown JN, Brown RC. Process optimization of an auger pyrolyzer with heat carrier using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol. 2012;103:405–414.
- Montgomery D. Design and analysis of experiment. New York (NY): Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2000.
- Hossain MA, Ganesan P, Jewaratnam J, et al. Optimization of process parameters for microwave pyrolysis of oil palm fiber (OPF) for hydrogen and biochar production. Energ Convers Manage. 2017;133:349–362.
- Sensöz S, Angın D. Pyrolysis of safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.) seed press cake: part 1. The effects of pyrolysis parameters on the product yields. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:5492–5497.
- Bartoli M, Rosi L, Giovannelli A, et al. Production of bio-oils and bio-char from Arundo donax throughmicrowave assisted pyrolysis in a multimode batch reactor. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2016;122:479–489.
- Huang Y-F, Chiueh P-T, Kuan W-H, et al. Microwave pyrolysis of rice straw: products, mechanism, and kinetics. Bioresour Technol. 2013; 142:620–624.