Determination of fundamental mechanical properties of biomass using the cubical triaxial tester to model biomass flow

References

• Prescott JK, Barnum RA. On powder flowability. Pharmaceut. Technol. 2000;24:60–82.
   Google Scholar
• Ennis BJ, Green J, Davies R. The legacy of neglect in the United-States. Chem Eng Prog. 1994;90:32–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasiak M, Molenda M, Bańda M, et al. Mechanical properties of sawdust and woodchips. Fuel. 2015;159:900–908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwedes J. Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids. Granular Matter. 2003;5(1):1–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenike AW. Gravity flow of bulk solids. Bulletin No. 108, Bulletin of the University of Utah. 1961;52:322.
   Google Scholar
• Kamath S, Puri VM. Measurement of powder flow constitutive model parameters using a cubical triaxial tester. Powder Technol. 1997;90(1):59–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karamchandani A, Yi H, Puri VM. Measurement and comparison of mechanical properties of ground corn stover, switchgrass, and willow and their pellet qualities. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; 2014. p. 1–5. DOI:
   Google Scholar
• Perlack RD, Eaton LM, Turhollow AF, Jr, et al. US billion-ton update: biomass supply for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry; 2011. https://works.bepress.com/douglas_karlen/47/ (accessed July 3, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Perlack RD, Wright LL, Turhollow AF, et al. Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply, DTIC Document; 2005. http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA436753 (accessed July 3, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• ISO Standard 17828, Solid biofuels – determination of bulk density. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standard Organization; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Desai CS, Siriwardane HJ. Constitutive laws for engineering materials, with emphasis on geologic materials. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Donaghe RT, Chaney, RC, Silver ML, ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock, editors. Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Kamath S. Constitutive parameter determination for food powders using cubical triaxial tester and finite element analysis of incipient flow from hopper bins Ph.D. The Pennsylvania State University; 1996. http://search.proquest.com/pqdt/docview/304304536/abstract/D4B8BF4458F5474DPQ/1 (accessed January 23, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Selig ET, Lade PV. Cubical triaxial apparatus for soil testing. Geotech Test J. 1978;1(2):93–101.
   Google Scholar
• Li F, Puri VM. Measurement of anisotropic behavior of dry cohesive and cohesionless powders using a cubical triaxial tester. Powder Technol. 1996;89(3):197–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolymbas D. ed., Constitutive modelling of granular materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Puri VM, Tripodi MA, Manbeck HB, et al. Constitutive model for dry cohesive powders with application to powder compaction. KONA Powder Particle J. 1995;13(0):135–150.
   Google Scholar
• Tripodi MA, Puri VM, Manbeck HB, et al. Triaxial testing of dry, cohesive powder and its application to a modified cam-clay constitutive model. Powder Technol. 1994;80(1):35–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripodi MA, Puri VM, Manbeck HB, et al. Constitutive models for cohesive particulate materials. J Agric Eng Res. 1992;53:1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi H, Mittal B, Puri VM, et al. Measurement of bulk mechanical properties and modeling the load response of rootzone sands. Part 3: Effect of organics and moisture content on continuous sand mixtures. Part Sci Technol. 2002;20(2):125–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi H, Mittal B, Puri VM, et al. Measurement of bulk mechanical properties and modeling the load-response of rootzone sands. Part 1: Round and angular monosize and binary mixtures. Part Sci Technol. 2001;19(2):145–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard D2850, D18 Committee, Test method for Unconsolidated-Undrained triaxial compression test on cohesive soils. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2015. http://enterprise.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/filtrexx40.cgi?REDLINE_PAGES/D2850.htm (accessed October 2, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard D4767, D18 Committee. Test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soils. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2011. http://enterprise.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/filtrexx40.cgi?REDLINE_PAGES/D4767.htm (accessed October 2, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard D5311, D18 Committee. Test method for load controlled cyclic triaxial strength of soil. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. http://enterprise.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/filtrexx40.cgi?REDLINE_PAGES/D5311D5311M.htm (accessed October 2, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard D7181. Test method for consolidated drained triaxial compression test for soils. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2020. http://enterprise.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/filtrexx40.cgi?REDLINE_PAGES/D7181.htm (accessed October 2, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Chen W-F. Constitutive equations for engineering materials volume 2: Plasticity and modeling. Rev. ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Kamath S, Puri VM. Finite element model development and validation for incipient flow analysis of cohesive powders from hopper bins. Powder Technol. 1999;102(2):184–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenike AW. Storage and flow of solids. Bulletin No. 123, Bulletin of the University of Utah. 1964;53:198.
   Google Scholar
• Jenike AW. Steady gravity flow of Frictional-Cohesive solids in converging channels. J Appl Mech. 1964;31(1):5–11.
   Google Scholar
• Heyman J. Coulomb’s memoir on statics: an essay in the history of civil engineering. London, UK: University of Cambridge; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Dimaggio FL, Sandler IS. Material model for granular soils. J Eng Mech. 1971; 97(EM3): 930–950.
   Google Scholar
• Drucker DC, Prager W. Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design. Quart Appl Math. 1952;10(2):157–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscoe KH, Burland JB. On the generalized Stress-Strain behavior of wet clay. Cambridge, UK: Engineering Plasticity; 1968. p. 535–609.
   Google Scholar
• Schofield A, Wroth P. Critical state soil mechanics. London: McGraw-Hill; 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Szalwinski CM. On critical states, rupture states and interlocking strength of granular materials. Materials. 2017;10(8):865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar