References
- Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcus infections. Clin InfDis. 1992; 14: 2–13.
- Martin PR, Hoiby EA. Streptococcal serogroup A epidemic in Norway 1987–88. Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22:421–9.
- Schwartz B, Facklam RR, Breiman RF. Changing epidemiology of group A streptococcal infections in the USA. Lancet. 1990; 336: 1167–71.
- Gaworzcwska E, Colman G. Changes in the pattern of infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Epidemiol Infect 1988; 100: 257–69.
- Weinbren MJ, Perinpanayagam RM. Streptococcal necrotising fasciitis. J Infect. 1992; 25: 299–302.
- Stromberg A, Romanus, and Burgman LG. Outbreak of group A streptococcal bacteremia in Sweden: an epidemiologic and clinical study. J Infect Dis. 1991; 164: 595–8.
- Barlier T, Dascal A, Caroll K et al. Toxic strep syndrome: a manifestation of group A streptococcal infection. Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148: 1421–24.
- Cone LA, Woodard DR, Schlievert PM et al. Clinical and bacteriological observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317: 146–9.
- Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J et al. Severe group A streptoccoal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A.N Engl J Med. 1989; 321: 1–7.
- Hoge CW, Schwartz B, Talkington DF et al. The changing epidemiology of invasive group a streptococcal infections and the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. JAMA 1993; 269: 384–9.
- The working group on severe streptococcal infections. Defining the group A streptoccal toxic shock syndrome. JAMA. 1993; 269: 390–1.
- Musser JM, Hauser AR, Kim MH et al. Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases: clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:2668–77.
- Swingler GR, Bigrigg MA, Hewitt BG et al. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with group A streptococcal infection in pregnancy. Lancet. 1988; 1456–57.
- Stegmayr B, Bjorck S, Holm S et al. Septic shock induced by group A streptococcal Infection: clinical and therapeutic aspects. Scand J Infect Dis. 1992; 24: 589–97.
- Hauser AR, Stevens DL, Kaplan EL et al. Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic shock-like syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 1991; 29: 1562–67.
- Bohach GA, Fast DJ, Nelson RD et al. Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related disease. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1990; 17: 251–72.
- Demers B, Simor AE, Schlievert PM et al. Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontaria. Canada: 1987–1991. Clin Infect Dis. 1993; 16: 792–800.
- Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of critical care medicine consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1992; 20: 864–74.
- Burkert T, Watanakunakom C. Group A streptococcal bacteremia in a community teaching hospital: 1980–1989. Clin Infect D/j.1992: 14: 29–37.
- Bibler MR, Rouan GW. Cryptogenic group A streptococcal bacteremia. Experience at an urban general hospital and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis. 1983; 8: 941–5.
- Barnham M. Invasive streptococcal infections in the era before the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a 10 years’compilation of patients with streptococcal bacteremia in North Yorkshire. J Infect. 1989; 18:231–48.
- Dan M, Maximova S, Siegman-Igra Y el al. Varied presentations of sporadic group A streptococcal bacteremia: clinical experience and attempt at classification. Rev Infect Dis. 1990; 14: 537–42.
- Chapnick EK, Gradon JD, Lutwich LI et al. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to noninvasive pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1992; 14: 1074–77.
- Keefer CS. Significance of hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia. Arch Intern Med. 1937; 60: 108497.
- Hcnkel JS, Armstrong D, Blevins A et al. Group A-B hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia in a cancer hospital. JAMA. 1970; 211: 983–6.
- Ispahani P, Donald FE, Aveline AJD. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteraemia: an old enemy subdued, but not defeated. J Infect. 1988; 16: 37–46.
- Wheeler MC, Roc MH, Kaplan EL et al. Outbreak of group A streptococcus septicemia in children. JAMA. 1991;266:533–7.
- Anonymous. Invasive group A Streptococcal infections-United Kingdom 1994. Morb Mortal Weekly Report. 1994; 43: 401–2.