Rituximab in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: experience of a tertiary center and review of the literature

References

• Greenbaum LA, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE. Childhood nephrotic syndrome–current and future therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Jun 12;8(8):445–58.10.1038/nrneph.2012.115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fardet L, Fève B. Systemic glucocorticoid therapy: a review of its metabolic and cardiovascular adverse events. Drugs. 2014 Oct;74(15):1731–45.10.1007/s40265-014-0282-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha A, Bagga A. Rituximab therapy in nephrotic syndrome: implications for patients’ management. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2013 Mar;9(3):154–69.10.1038/nrneph.2012.289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Olivo MA, Amezaga Urruela M, McGahan L, Pollono EN, Suarez-Almazor ME. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan;20(1):1–366, CD007356.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin MM, Morley N. Rituximab in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma–a critical evaluation of randomized controlled trials. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2013 May;13(5):803–11.10.1517/14712598.2013.786698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckwith H, Lightstone L. Rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract. 2014;128(3–4):250–4.10.1159/000368585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ravani P, Rossi R, Bonanni A, Quinn RR, Sica F, Bodria M, et al. Rituximab in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Sep;26(9):2259–66.10.1681/ASN.2014080799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravani P, Bonanni A, Rossi R, Caridi G, Ghiggeri GM. Anti-CD20 antibodies for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr 7;11(4):710–20.10.2215/CJN.08500815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benz K, Dötsch J, Rascher W, Stachel D. Change of the course of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome after rituximab therapy. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004 Jul;19(7):794–7.10.1007/s00467-004-1434-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GC. Is there a role for rituximab in the treatment of idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome? Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Jun;22(6):893–8.10.1007/s00467-006-0427-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert RD, Hulse E, Rigden S. Rituximab therapy for steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Nov;21(11):1698–700.10.1007/s00467-006-0228-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• François H, Daugas E, Bensman A, Ronco P. Unexpected efficacy of rituximab in multirelapsing minimal change nephrotic syndrome in the adult: first case report and pathophysiological considerations. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007 Jan;49(1):158–61.10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.10.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstra JM, Deegens JK, Wetzels JF. Rituximab: effective treatment for severe steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Jul;22(7):2100–2.10.1093/ndt/gfm128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guigonis V, Dallocchio A, Baudouin V, Dehennault M, Hachon-Le Camus C, Afanetti M, et al. Rituximab treatment for severe steroid- or cyclosporine-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a multicentric series of 22 cases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008 Aug;23(8):1269–79.10.1007/s00467-008-0814-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters HP, van de Kar NC, Wetzels JF. Rituximab in minimal change nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: report of four cases and review of the literature. Neth J Med. 2008 Nov;66(10):408–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei K, Ito S, Nozu K, Fujinaga S, Nakayama M, Sako M, et al. Single dose of rituximab for refractory steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jul;24(7):1321–8.10.1007/s00467-009-1191-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellier-Leclerc AL, Macher MA, Loirat C, Guérin V, Watier H, Peuchmaur M, et al. Rituximab efficiency in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Jun;25(6):1109–15.10.1007/s00467-010-1465-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulati A, Sinha A, Jordan SC, Hari P, Dinda AK, Sharma S, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with rituximab for difficult steroid-resistant and -dependent nephrotic syndrome: multicentric report. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Dec;5(12):2207–12.10.2215/CJN.03470410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravani P, Magnasco A, Edefonti A, Murer L, Rossi R, Ghio L, et al. Short-term effects of rituximab in children with steroid- and calcineurin-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jun;6(6):1308–15.10.2215/CJN.09421010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Ito S, Ogura M, Kamei K. Impact of rituximab on height and weight in children with refractory steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Aug;29(8):1373–9.10.1007/s00467-014-2792-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito S, Kamei K, Ogura M, Udagawa T, Fujinaga S, Saito M, et al. Survey of rituximab treatment for childhood-onset refractory nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Feb;28(2):257–264.10.1007/s00467-012-2319-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggenenti P, Ruggiero B, Cravedi P, Vivarelli M, Massella L, Marasa M, et al. Rituximab in nephrotic syndrome of steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (nemo) study group. Rituximab in steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Apr;25(4):850–63.10.1681/ASN.2013030251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha A, Bhatia D, Gulati A, Rawat M, Dinda AK, Hari P, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015 Jan;30(1):96–106.10.1093/ndt/gfu267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iijima K, Sako M, Nozu K, Mori R, Tuchida N, Kamei K, et al. Rituximab for childhood-onset, complicated, frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Oct 4;384(9950):1273–81.10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60541-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2012;2(Suppl):139–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iijima K, Sako M, Nozu K. Rituximab treatment for nephrotic syndrome in children. Curr Pediatr Rep. 2015;3(1):71–7.10.1007/s40124-014-0065-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prytuła A, Iijima K, Kamei K, Geary D, Gottlich E, Majeed A, et al. Rituximab in refractory nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Mar;25(3):461–8.10.1007/s00467-009-1376-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito S, Kamei K, Ogura M, Sato M, Fujimaru T, Ishikawa T, et al. Maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil after rituximab in pediatric patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Oct;26(10):1823–8.10.1007/s00467-011-1886-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujinaga S, Hirano D, Nishizaki N, Kamei K, Ito S, Ohtomo Y, et al. Single infusion of rituximab for persistent steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome after long-term cyclosporine. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Mar;25(3):539–44.10.1007/s00467-009-1377-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemper MJ, Gellermann J, Habbig S, Krmar RT, Dittrich K, Jungraithmayr T, et al. Long-term follow-up after rituximab for steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 May;27(5):1910–5.10.1093/ndt/gfr548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellier S, Brochard K, Garnier A, Bandin F, Llanas B, Guigonis V, et al. Long-term outcome of children treated with rituximab for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Jun;28(6):911–8.10.1007/s00467-012-2406-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimata T, Hasui M, Kino J, Kitao T, Yamanouchi S, Tsuji S, Kaneko K. Novel use of rituximab for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children. Am J Nephrol. 2013;38(6):483–8.10.1159/000356439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujinaga S, Sakuraya K, Yamada A, Urushihara Y, Ohtomo Y, Shimizu T. Positive role of rituximab in switching from cyclosporine to mycophenolate mofetil for children with high-dose steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015 Apr;30(4):687–91.10.1007/s00467-014-3034-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellier-Leclerc AL, Baudouin V, Kwon T, Macher MA, Guerin V, Lapillonne H, et al. Rituximab in steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood–follow-up after CD19 recovery. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Mar;27(3):1083–9.10.1093/ndt/gfr405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei K, Ogura M, Sato M, Sako M, Iijima K, Ito S. Risk factors for relapse and long-term outcome in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome treated with rituximab. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Jan;31(1):89–95.10.1007/s00467-015-3197-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha A, Bagga A, Gulati A, Hari P. Short-term efficacy of rituximab versus tacrolimus in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Feb;27(2):235–41.10.1007/s00467-011-1997-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimby E. Tolerability and safety of rituximab (MabThera®). Cancer Treat Rev. 2005 Oct;31(6):456–73.10.1016/j.ctrv.2005.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravani P, Ponticelli A, Siciliano C, Fornoni A, Magnasco A, Sica F, et al. Rituximab is a safe and effective long-term treatment for children with steroid and calcineurin inhibitor-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2013 Nov;84(5):1025–33.10.1038/ki.2013.211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colucci M, Carsetti R, Cascioli S, Casiraghi F, Perna A, Ravà L, et al. B Cell reconstitution after rituximab treatment in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Jun;27(6):1811–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbe-Bertin L, Aoun B, Tudorache E, Lapillone H, Ulinski T. Does rituximab induce hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome? Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Mar;28(3):447–51.10.1007/s00467-012-2361-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellier-Leclerc AL, Belli E, Guérin V, Dorfmüller P, Deschênes G. Fulminant viral myocarditis after rituximab therapy in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Sep;28(9):1875–9.10.1007/s00467-013-2485-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trujillo JE, Bosque M, Asensio O, Ranera A, Rojo JC, Vilella M, et al. PD42 – Is rituximab a trigger for persistent hypogammaglobulinemia in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome? Clin Transl Allergy. 2014 Feb;28(4):42.
   Google Scholar
• Chaumais MC, Garnier A, Chalard F, Peuchmaur M, Dauger S, Jacqz-Agrain E, et al. Fatal pulmonary fibrosis after rituximab administration. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Sep;24(9):1753–55.10.1007/s00467-009-1195-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardelean DS, Gonska T, Wires S, Cutz E, Griffiths A, Harvey E, et al. Severe ulcerative colitis after rituximab therapy. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul;126(1):e243–6.10.1542/peds.2009-3395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vollenhoven RF, Emery P, Bingham CO 3rd, Keystone EC, Fleischmann RM, Furst DE, et al. Long-term safety of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: 9.5-year follow-up of the global clinical trial programme with a focus on adverse events of interest in RA patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Sep 1;72(9):1496–502.10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Koumi M. Rituximab in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2013 Nov;7(6):502–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Xu H, Shen Q, Cao Q, Rao J, Liu HM, Fang XY, Zhou LJ. Efficacy of rituximab therapy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome: a prospective observational study in Shanghai. World J Pediatr. 2014 Feb;10(1):59–63.10.1007/s12519-014-0453-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb H, Jaureguiberry G, Dufek S, Tullus K, Bockenhauer D. Cyclophosphamide and rituximab in frequently relapsing/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Apr;31(4):589–94.10.1007/s00467-015-3245-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar