References
- Ayadi, L., Benjamin, N., Bensassi, S., & Raballand, G. (2014). An attempt to estimating informal trade across Tunisia’s land borders. Articulo –Journal of Urban Research. Retrieved from http://articulo.revues.org/2549
- Bhagwati, J. (1967). Fiscal policies, the faking of foreign trade declarations, and the balance of payments. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics, 29(1), 61–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.1967.mp29001004.x
- Cantens, T., Ireland, R., & Raballand, G. (2015). Introduction: Borders, informality, international trade and customs. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 30(3), 365–380. doi: 10.1080/08865655.2015.1068207
- Carrère, C., & Grigoriou, C. (2014). Can mirror data help to capture informal international trade? Geneva: UNCTAD.
- Comité de liaison de la route Transsaharienne. (2009). Etude d’identification des potentialités d’échanges commerciaux entre les pays membres du Comité de liaison de la route Transsaharienne. Retrieved from http://www.badea.org/portal/document_repository/96/2_francais_rap.pdf
- Fisman, R., & Wei, S.-J. (2004). Tax rates and tax evasion: Evidence from ‘missing imports’ in China. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2), 471–496. doi: 10.1086/381476
- Golub, S. (2012). Entrepôt trade and smuggling in West Africa: Benin, Togo and Nigeria. World Economy, 35(9), 1139–1161. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01469.x
- Grégoire, E. (1998). Sahara nigérien: Terre d’échanges. Autrepart, 6, 91–104.
- Hart, K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 61–89. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X00008089
- International Labour Office. (1972). Employment, incomes and equality – a strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. Geneva: Author.
- Jean, S., & Mitaritonna, C. (2010). Determinants and pervasiveness of the evasion of customs duties (Working Paper No. 2010-26). Paris: CEPII.
- Kaminski, B., & Mitra, S. (2012). Borderless bazaars and regional integration in Central Asia: Emerging patterns of trade and cross-border cooperation. Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Raballand, G., Cantens, T., & Arenas, G. (2013). Mirror trade statistics: A tool to help identify customs fraud. In T. Cantens, R. Ireland and G. Raballand (Eds.), Reform by numbers (pp. 103–120). Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Raballand, G., & Mjekiqi, E. (2010). Nigeria’s trade policy facilitates unofficial trade but not manufacturing. In V. Treichel (Ed.), Putting Nigeria to work: A strategy for employment and growth (pp. 203–228). Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Scheele, J. (2012). Smugglers and saints of the Sahara. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Sequeira, S. (2016). Corruption, trade costs and gains from tariff liberalization: Evidence from Southern Africa. American Economic Review, 106(10). doi: 10.1257/aer.20150313
- Vézina, P.-L. (2015). Illegal trade in natural resources: Evidence from missing exports (OxCarre Research Paper 139).
- Walther, O. (2009). A mobile idea of space: Traders, patrons and the cross-border economy in Sahelian Africa. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 24(1), 34–46. doi: 10.1080/08865655.2009.9695716
- Walther, O. (2014). Business, brokers and borders: The structure of West African trade networks (Working Paper 1). Department of Border Region Studies, University of Southern Denmark.