Digestibility, metabolic utilisation and effects on growth and slaughter traits of diets containing whole plant maize silage in heavy pigs

References

• ASPA. 1996. Metodiche per la determinazione delle caratteristiche qualitative della carne Perugia, Italy: Animal Science and Production Association.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 1995. Official methods of analysis, 15th ed. Washington, DC, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Bosi P, Russo V. 2004. The production of the heavy pig for high quality processed products. Ital J Anim Sci. 3:309–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer E. 1965. Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In: Blaxter KL, editor. Proc. 3rd Symp. on Energy Metabolism. London, England: Academic Press; p. 441–443.
   Google Scholar
• Capraro D, Zanfi C, Bassi M, Pascotto E, Bovolenta S. Spanghero 2014. Effect of physical form of whole ear corn silage (coarse vs wet milled) included at high dietary levels (30 vs 40% dry matter) on performance of heavy finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 198:271–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIE. 1976. Colorimetry– Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space [internet]. Bern-Wabern, Switzerland: Commission International de l’Eclairage [cited 2016 Sept 30]. Available from: http://www.cie.co.at/index.php/Publications/Superseded+and+Archived+Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Crovetto GM. 1984. Apparecchiature e correzioni richieste per il calcolo del calore animale usando il metodo della calorimetria indiretta a circuito aperto. [Equipment and corrections required in the computation of heat expenditure by farm animals using open circuit respiration system]. Zoot Nutr Anim. 10:279–297.
   Google Scholar
• Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Rapetti L, Colombini S. 2007. Energy utilization of a diet with high wheat bran content in the fattening heavy pig. In: Proc.15th Symp. Energy Metabolism in Animals, Snekkersten, Denmark, EAAP Publ. 103:241–244.
   Google Scholar
• Di Martino G, Capello K, Scollo A, Gottardo F, Stefani AL, Rampin R, Schiavon E, Marangon S, Bonfanti L. 2013. Continuous straw provision reduces prevalence of oesophago-gastric ulcer in pigs slaughtered at 170 kg (heavy pigs). Res Vet Sci. 95:1271–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Rapetti L, Tamburini A. 2004. Energy and nitrogen balance in heavy pigs fed different fibre sources. Livest Prod Sci. 85:253–262.
   Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Malagutti L. 2005a. Effect of beet pulp on growing performance, digestibility, N balance, and ammonia emission in the heavy pig. Ital J Anim Sci. 4:458–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Rapetti L. 2005b. Trend of energy and nitrogen utilization of high fibre diets in pigs from 100 to 160 kg bodyweight. Ital J Anim Sci. 4:149–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Malagutti L, Crovetto GM. 2007. Growth and slaughter performance, nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from slurry in pigs fed high fibre diets. Ital J Anim Sci. 6:227–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Colombini S, Malagutti L, Crovetto GM, Rapetti L. 2010. Effects of high fibre and low protein diets on performance, digestibility, nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission in the heavy pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 134:326–336.
   Google Scholar
• Galassi G, Malagutti L, Colombini S, Rapetti L, Gallo L, Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Crovetto GM. 2015. Nitrogen and energy partitioning in two genetic groups of pigs fed low protein diets at 130 kg body weight. Ital J Anim Sci. 14:293–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honikel KO. 1998. Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci. 49:447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humer E, Wetscherek W, Schwarz C, Schedle K. 2013. Effect of maize conservation technique and phytase supplementation on total tract apparent digestibility of phosphorus, calcium, ash, dry matter, organic matter and crude protein in growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 185:70–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INRA. 1989. L’alimentation des animaux monogastriques: Porc, lapin, volailles. Paris: INRA.
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health. 1992. Protezione degli animali utilizzati a fini sperimentali o ad altri fini scientifici, D. lgs 116/92. Gazzetta Ufficiale. 40:5–25.
   Google Scholar
• Jolliff JS, Mahan DC. 2012. Effect of dietary inulin and phytase on mineral digestibility and tissue retention in weanling and growing swine. J Anim Sci. 90:3012–3022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kononoff PJ, Heinrichs AJ, Buckmaster DA. 2003. Modification of the Penn state forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements. J Dairy Sci. 86:1858–1863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoero F, Gallo A, Zanfi C, Giuberti G, Spanghero M. 2011. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on chemical composition and rumen fermentation of different parts of plants of three corn hybrids. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 164:207–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason F, Pascotto E, Zanfi C, Spanghero M. 2013. Effect of dietary inclusion of whole ear corn silage on stomach development and gastric mucosa integrity of heavy pigs at slaughter. Vet J. 198:717–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens DR. 2002. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. J AOAC IntAoac. 85:1217–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mordenti A, Bosi P, Corino C, Crovetto GM, Della Casa G, Franci O, Piva A, Prandini A, Russo V, Schiavon S. 2003. A methodological approach to assess nutrient requirements of heavy pigs in Italy. Ital J Anim Sci. 2:73–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niven EJ, Zhu C, Columbus D, Pluske JR, de Lange CFM. 2007. Impact of controlled fermentation and steeping of high moisture corn on its nutritional value for pigs. Livest Sci. 109:166–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noblet J, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1993. Metabolic utilization of dietary energy and nutrients for maintenance energy requirements in sows: basis for a net energy system. Br J Nutr. 70:407–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noblet J, Fortune H, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1994a. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 72:344–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noblet J, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1994b. Effect of body weight on net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 72:648–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. Washington, DC, USA: Natl. Acad. Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pascotto E, Capraro D, Tomè P, Spanghero M. 2016. Topographic distribution of gastritis in heavy pigs investigated by a geographic information system approach. Geospat Health. 11:221–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramonet Y, van Milgen J, Dourmad JY, Dubois S, Meunier-Salau MC, Noblet J. 2000. The effect of dietary fibre on energy utilisation and partitioning of heat production over pregnancy in sows. Br J Nutr. 84:85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen AJ, Andersson M. 1996. New method for determination of drip loss in pork muscles. In: Proc. 42nd Int. Congr. Meat Sci. Technol., Lillehammer, Norway; p. 286–287.
   Google Scholar
• Schiavon S, Carraro L, Dalla Bona M, Cesaro G, Carnier P, Tagliapietra F, Sturaro E, Galassi G, Malagutti L, Trevisi E, et al. 2015. Growth performance, and carcass and raw ham quality of crossbred heavy pigs from four genetic groups fed low protein diets for dry-cured ham production. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 208:170–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrama JW, Bosch MW, Verstegen A, Vorselaars AHPM Haaksma J, Heetkamp MJW. 1998. The energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 76:3016–3023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souffrant WB. 2001. Effect of dietary fibre on ileal digestibility and endogenous nitrogen losses in the pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 90:93–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin Y, McEvoy JDG, Schulze H, Hennig U, Souffrant WB, McCracken KJ. 2000. Apparent digestibility (ileal and overall) of nutrients and endogenous nitrogen losses in growing pigs fed wheat (var. Soissons) or its by-products without or with xylanase supplementation. Livest Prod Sci. 62:119–132.
   Google Scholar
• Zanfi C, Spanghero M. 2012. Digestibility of diets containing whole ear corn silage for heavy pigs. Livest Sci. 145:287–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanfi C, Colombini S, Mason F, Galassi G, Rapetti L, Malagutti L, Crovetto GM, Spanghero M. 2014. Digestibility and metabolic utilization of diets containing whole-ear corn silage and their effects on growth and slaughter traits of heavy pigs. J Anim Sci. 92:211–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar