Evaluation of essential oil or/and emulsifier in low energy density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood cholesterol and meat quality in finishing pigs

References

• AOAC. 2007. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC.
   Google Scholar
• Bellows L, Moore R. 2012. Dietary fat and cholesterol. Food and nutrition series. Colorado: Colorado State University.
   Google Scholar
• Benchaar C, Calsamiglia S, Chaves AV, Fraser GR, Colombatto D, McAllister TA, Beauchemin KA. 2008. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 145:209–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkurt M, Kucukyilmaz K, Catli AU, Cinar M. 2008. Growth performance and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens fed with antibiotic, mannan oligosaccharide and dextran oligosaccharide supplemented diets. Int J Poult Sci. 7:969–977.
   Google Scholar
• Camo J, Beltrán JA, Roncalés P. 2008. Extension of the display life of lamb with an antioxidant active packaging. Meat Sci. 80:1086–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter R, O’Grady MN, O’Callaghan YC, O’Brien NM, Kerry JP. 2007. Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of grape seed and bearberry extracts in raw and cooked pork. Meat Sci. 76:604–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho JH, Chen YJ, Min BJ, Kim HJ, Kwon OS, Shon KS, Kim IH, Kim SJ, Asamer A. 2006. Effects of essential oils supplementation on growth performance, IgG concentration and fecal noxious gas concentration of weaned pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 19:80–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouliara E, Karatapanis A, Savvaidis IN, Kontominas MG. 2007. Combined effect of oregano essential oil and modified atmosphere packaging on shelf-life extension of fresh chicken breast meat, stored at 4 degrees C. Food Microbiol. 24:607–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark SB, Clark VE, Small DM. 1981. Effects of lecithin ingestion on plasma and lymph lipoproteins of normo- and hyperlipemic rats. Am J Physiol. 241:422–430.
   Google Scholar
• De La Llata M, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL, Loughin TM. 2001. Effects of dietary fat on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment. J Anim Sci. 79:2643–2650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deans SG, Noble RC, Penzes L, Imre SG. 1993. Promotional effects of plant volatile oils on the polyunsaturated fatty acid status during aging. Age. 16:71–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierick NA, Decuypere JA. 2004. Influence of lipase and/or emulsifier addition on the ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed diets containing 4% animal fat. J Sci Food Agric. 84:1443–1450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton TW, Fenton M. 1979. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Can J Anim Sci. 59:631–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fomusa LB, Correding M, Akoh CC. 2002. Effect of emulsifier on oxidation properties of fish oil-based structured lipid emulsions. J Agric Food Chem. 50:2957–2961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris KB, Pond WG, Mersmann HJ, Smith EO, Cross HR, Savell JW. 2004. Evaluation of fat sources on cholesterol and lipoproteins using pigs selected for high or low serum cholesterol. Meat Sci. 66:55–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong JW, Kim IH, Kwon OS, Min BJ, Lee WB, Shon KS. 2004. Influences of plant extract supplementation on performance and blood characteristics in weaned pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 17:374–378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honikel KO. 1998. Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristic of meat. Meat Sci. 49:447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsia LC, Lu GH. 2004. The effect of high environmental temperature and nutrient density on pig performance, conformation and carcass characteristics under restricted feeding system. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 17:250–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Yang DD, Wang T. 2007. Effects of replacing soy-oil with soy-lecithin on growth performance, nutrient utilization and serum parameters of broilers fed corn-based diets. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 20:1880–1886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang IS, Ko YH, Yang HY, Ha JS, Kim JY, Kang SY, Yoo DH, Nam DS, Kim DH, Lee CY. 2004. Influence of essential oil components on growth performance and the functional activity of the pancreas and small intestine in broiler chickens. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 17:394–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz JAM, Morel PCH, Wilkinson BHP, Purchas RW. 2007. Preliminary investigation of the effects of low-level dietary inclusion of fragrant essential oils and oleoresins on pig performance and pork quality. Meat Sci. 75:350–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones DB, Hancock JD, Harmon DL, Walker CE. 1992. Effects of exogenous emulsifiers and fat sources on nutrient digestibility, serum lipids, and growth performance in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 70:3473–3482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis AJ. 2001. Amino acids in swine nutrition. In: Lewis AJ and Southern LL, editors. Swine nutrition. Boca Raton: CRC Press; p. 31–150.
   Google Scholar
• NPPC. 1991. Procedures to evaluate market hogs. Des Moines, IA: National Pork Production Council.
   Google Scholar
• NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Overland M, Tokach MD, Cornelius SG, Pettigrew JE, Rust JW. 1993. Lecithin in swine diets: I. Weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 71:1187–1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platel K, Srinivasan K. 1996. Influence of dietary spices or their active principles on digestive enzymes of small intestinal mucosa in rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 47:55–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy A, Haldar S, Mondal S, Ghosh TP. 2010. Effects of supplemental exogenous emulsifier on performance, nutrient metabolism, and serum lipid profile in broiler chickens. Vet Med Int. 2010:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• SAS/STAT® Software. 2001. Changes and enhancements through release 8.2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan ZM, Honeyman MS, Gibson LR, Prusa KJ. 2007. Effects of triticale-based diets on finishing pig performance and pork quality in deep-bedded hoop barns. Meat Sci. 76:428–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symeon GK, Zintilas C, Ayoutanti A, Bizelis JA, Deligeorgis SG. 2009. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation for an extensive fattening period on growth performance and breast meat quality of female medium-growing broilers. Can J Anim Sci. 89:331–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenk C. 2003. Herbs and botanicals as feed additives in monogastric animals. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 16:282–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams CH, David DJ, Iismaa O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Agric Sci. 59:381–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing JJ, van Heugten E, Li DF, Touchette KJ, Coalson JA, Odgaard RL, Odle J. 2004. Effects of emulsification, fat encapsulation, and pelleting on weanling pig performance and nutrient digestibility. J Anim Sci. 82:2601–2609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Wang JP, Kim HJ, Meng QW, Ao X, Hong SM, Kim IH. 2009. Influence of essential oil supplementation and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in grower–finisher pigs. Livest Sci. 128:115–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao PY, Wang JP, Kim IH. 2013. Evaluation of dietary fructan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, fecal microbial flora, and fecal noxious gas emission in finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 91:5280–5286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar