Passage time, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acids digestibility of treated palm kernel cake in broilers under the hot and humid tropical climate

References

• Abdollahi MR, Hosking B, Ravindran V. 2015. Nutrient analysis, metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility of palm kernel meal for broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 206:119–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed A, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Abdullah N, Liang JB, Awad EA. 2014. Effect of solid state fermentation on nutrient content and ileal amino acids digestibility of palm kernel cake in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci. 13:3293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alimon AR. 2004. The Nutritive Value of Palm Kernel Cake for Animal Feed. Palm Oil Dev. 40:12–14.
   Google Scholar
• Almirall M, Esteve-Garcia E. 1994. Rate of passage of barley diets with chromium oxide: influence of age and poultry strain and effect of beta-glucanase supplementation. Poult Sci. 73:1433–1440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani MI, Loh TC, Foo HL, Lau WH, Sazili AQ. 2014. Biodegradation of palm kernel cake by cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures through solid state fermentation. Sci World J. 2014:1–852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani MI, Loh TC, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Lau WH. 2016. Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 216:216–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC; Helrich K, editor. 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Arlington (VA): Association of Official Analytical Chemist.
   Google Scholar
• Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Loh TC, Hossain MA, Ahmed A. 2016. Effect of low-protein diet, gender and age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens raised under hot-humid tropical condition. Indian J Anim Sci. 86:696–701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryden W, Li X, Ravindran G, Hew L, Ravindran V. 2009. Ileal digestible amino acid values in feedstuffs for poultry. Barton (ACT): RIRDC.
   Google Scholar
• Chen WL, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Abdullah N, Ho YW, Tufarelli V. 2015. Enzyme treatment enhances release of prebiotic oligosaccharides from palm kernel expeller. BioResources. 10:196–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WL, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Ho YW, Abdullah N. 2013. Optimization of multi-enzyme production by fungi isolated from palm kernel expeller using response surface methodology. BioResources. 8:3844–3857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choct M. 1997. Feed non-starch polysaccharides: chemical structures and nutritional significance. Feed Milling Int. June Issue:13–26.
   Google Scholar
• Coombe JB, Kay RN. 1965. Passage of digesta through the intestines of the sheep retention times in the small and large intestines. Br J Nutr. 19:325–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daud MJ, Jarvis MC. 1992. Mannan of oil palm kernel. Phytochemistry. 31:463–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goering HK, Van Soest PJ. 1970. Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, prcedures, and some applications). USDA Agriculture Handbook. Washington (DC): Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Hanafiah HA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Awad EA. 2017. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal crude protein digestibility of various treated palm kernel cake based diets for heat-stressed broiler chickens. Eur Poult Sci. 81:1–13. doi:10.1399/eps.2017.198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia W, Mikulski D, Rogiewicz A, Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Slominski BA. 2012. Low-fiber canola. Part 2. Nutritive value of the meal. J Agric Food Chem. 60:12231–12237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law FL, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Liang JB, Awad EA. 2018. The effects of low-protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 31:1291–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marini AM, Daud MJ, Noraini S, Azahan E. 2005. Performance of locally isolated microorganism in degrading palm kernel cake (PKC) fibre and improving the nutritional value of fermented PKC. J Trop Agric Food Sci. 33:311–319.
   Google Scholar
• Mateos GG, Sell JL, Eastwood JA. 1982. Rate of food passage (transit time) as influenced by level of supplemental fat. Poult Sci. 61:94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muangkeow N, Chinajariyawong C. 2013. Diets containing fermented palm kernel meal with Aspergillus wentii TISTR 3075 on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Walailak J Sci Technol. 10:131–147.
   Google Scholar
• NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev ed. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ravindran V, Kornegay ET, Webb KE. 1984. Effects of fiber and virginiamycin on nutrient absorption, nutrient retention and rate of passage in growing swine. J Anim Sci. 59:400–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochell SJ, Applegate TJ, Kim EJ, Dozier W a. 2012. Effects of diet type and ingredient composition on rate of passage and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 91:1647–1653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roslan MAH, Abdullah N, Abdul Murad NZ, Halmi MIE, Zulkifli I, Mustafa S. 2017. Optimisation of extrusion for enhancing the nutritive value of palm kernel cake using response surface methodology. BioResources. 12:6679–6697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roslan MAH, Abdullah N, Mustafa S. 2015. Removal of shells in palm kernel cake via static cling and electrostatic separation. J Biochem Microbiol Biotechnol. 3:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Saenphoom P, Liang JB, Ho YW, Loh TC, Rosfarizan M. 2011. Effect of enzyme treatment on chemical composition and production of reducing sugars in palm (Elaeis guineenis) kernel expeller. African J Biotechnol. 10:15372–15377.
   Google Scholar
• Saenphoom P, Liang JB, Ho YW, Loh TC, Rosfarizan M. 2013. Effects of enzyme treated palm kernel expeller on metabolizable energy, growth performance, villus height and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 26:537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short FJ, Gorton P, Wiseman J, Boorman KN. 1996. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 59:215–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Tan WS, Ho YW. 2005. Influence of β-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains on intestinal characteristics and feed passage rate of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 84:734–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundu B, Kumar A, Dingle J. 2005. Comparison of feeding values of palm kernel meal and Copra meal for broilers. Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia. Vol. 15. 28A.
   Google Scholar
• Sundu B, Kumar A, Dingle J. 2006. Palm kernel meal in broiler diets: effect on chicken performance and health. Worlds Poult Sci J. 62:316–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczurek W. 2009. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids from several cereal grains and protein-rich feedstuffs in broiler chickens at the age of 30 days. J Anim Feed Sci. 18:662–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WL. 2016. Fermentation of palm kernel cake by indigenous lactic acid bacteria as potential poultry feed ingredients. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
   Google Scholar
• Zulkifli I, Iman Rahayu HS, Alimon AR, Vidyadaran MK, Babjee SA. 2009. Gut microflora and intestinal morphology of commercial broiler chickens and Red Jungle Fowl fed diets containing palm kernel meal. Arch Fur Geflugelkd. 73:49–55.
   Google Scholar