Identifying seafarer training needs for operating future autonomous ships: a systematic literature review

References

• AAWA. 2016. “Remote and Autonomous Ships – The Next Step.” AAWA Position Paper © Rolls-Royce plc.
   Google Scholar
• Abraham, H., H. McAnulty, B. Mehler, and B. Reimer. 2017. “Case Study of Today’s Automotive Dealerships: Introduction and Delivery of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems.” Transportation Research Record 2660 (1): 7–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ahvenjärvi, S. 2016. “The Human Element and Autonomous Ships.” TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 10 (3): 517–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahvenjärvi, S. 2017. “Unmanned Ships and the Maritime Education and Training.” In Global Perspectives in MET: Towards Sustainable, Green and Integrated Maritime Transport, Finland, 245–254.
   Google Scholar
• Alop, A. 2019. “The Challenges of the Digital Technology Era for Maritime Education and Training.” In 2019 European Navigation Conference (ENC), Poland, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, J., H. Keno, and Y. Kwon. 2012. “Effects of Automation in the Aircraft Cockpit Environment: Skill Degradation, Situation Awareness, Workload.
   Google Scholar
• Bae, I., J. Moon, and J. Seo. 2019. “Toward a Comfortable Driving Experience for a Self-Driving Shuttle Bus.” Electronics 8 (9): 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldauf, M., M. Kitada, R. Mehdi, and D. Dalaklis. 2018. “E-Navigation, Digitalization and Unmanned Ships: Challenges for Future Maritime Education and Training.” In 12th Annual International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Banks, V. A., K. L. Plant, and N. A. Stanton. 2019. “Driving Aviation Forward; Contrasting Driving Automation and Aviation Automation.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 20 (3): 250–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett-Pink, C., L. Alison, S. Maskell, and N. Shortland. 2019. “On the Bridges: Insight Into the Current and Future Use of Automated Systems as Seen by Royal Navy Personnel.” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13: 127–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram, V. 2020. “Technology Trends for Ships and Shipping of Tomorrow.” Maritime Technology and Research 2 (1): 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Blom, J. D. 2010. Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Historical Perspective. Vol. 45. Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press.
   Google Scholar
• Casner, S. M. 2008. “General Aviation Pilots Attitudes Toward Advanced Cockpit Systems.” International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies 8 (1): 88–112.
   Google Scholar
• Casner, S. M., and E. L. Hutchins. 2019. “What Do We Tell the Drivers? Toward Minimum Driver Training Standards for Partially Automated Cars.” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13 (2): 55–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collet, C., and O. Musicant. 2019. “Associating Vehicles Automation with Drivers Functional State Assessment Systems: a Challenge for Road Safety in the Future.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13 (131): 1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cordle, J., and T. S. Cotter. 2019. “Survey of Littoral Combat Ship Bridge and Engine Room Personnel on the Impact of Automation on Operations.” Naval Engineers Journal 131 (1): 93–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlström, N. 2008. “Pilot Training in our Time-Use of Flight Training Devices and Simulators.” Aviation 12 (1): 22–27.
   Google Scholar
• de Visser, E. J., R. Pak, and T. H. Shaw. 2018. “ from Automationto Autonomy: the Importance of Trust Repair in Human–Machine Interaction.” Ergonomics 61 (10): 1409–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey, P., L. Kocher, M. Nasarwanji, J. Pollard, and A. Whitson. 2018. “Emerging Ergonomics Issues and Opportunities in Mining.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (11): 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edler, J., and V. Infante. 2019. “Maritime and Other Key Transport Issues for the Future–Education and Training in the Context of Lifelong Learning.” Transactions on Maritime Science 8 (01): 84–98.
   Google Scholar
• El Ashmawy, M. 2009. “Effective Implementation of Safety Management System (SMS): An Overview of the Role of the Human Element. MET Trends in the XXI Century: Shipping Industry and Training Institutions in the Global Environment–Area of Mutual Interests and Cooperation.” In Proceedings of the 2009 IAMU General Assembly in St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Admiral Makarov State Maritime Academy, 246–255.
   Google Scholar
• Emad, G. 2010. “Introduction of Technology into Workplace and the Need for Change in Pedagogy.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2): 875–879.
   Google Scholar
• Emad, G., M. Khabir, and M. Shahbakhsh. 2020. “Shipping 4.0 and Training Seafarers for the Future Autonomous and Unmanned Ships.” In Proceedings of the 20th Marine Industries Conference, Tehran.
   Google Scholar
• Emad, G., and W. M. Roth. 2008. “Contradictions in the Practices of Training for and Assessment of Competency.” Education and Training 50: 260–272.
   Google Scholar
• Endsley, M. R. 2016. “From Here to Autonomy: Lessons Learned from Human–Automation Research.” Human Factors 59 (1): 5–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks, P., S. Hay, and T. Mavin. 2014. “Can Competency-Based Training fly?: An Overview of key Issues for ab Initio Pilot Training.” International Journal of Training Research 12 (2): 132–147.
   Google Scholar
• Fraszczyk, A., and C. Mulley. 2017. “Public Perception of and Attitude to Driverless Train: A Case Study of Sydney, Australia.” Urban Rail Transit 3 (2): 100–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodrati, B., S. Hadi Hoseinie, and A. H. S. Garmabaki. 2015. “Reliability Considerations in Automated Mining Systems.” International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 29 (5): 404–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson, A., J. Paraszczak, J. Tuleau, and H. Schunnesson. 2017. “Impact of Technical and Operational Factors on Effectiveness of Automatic Load-Haul-Dump Machines.” Mining Technology 126 (4): 185–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslbeck, A., and H.-J. Hoermann. 2016. “Flying the Needles: Flight Deck Automation Erodes Fine-Motor Flying Skills Among Airline Pilots.” Human Factors 58 (4): 533–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedge, J. W., K. T. Bruskiewicz, W. C. Borman, M. A. Hanson, K. K. Logan, and F. M. Siem. 2000. “Selecting Pilots with Crew Resource Management Skills.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 10 (4): 377–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrenkind, B., A. B. Brendel, I. Nastjuk, M. Greve, and L. M. Kolbe. 2019. “Investigating end-User Acceptance of Autonomous Electric Buses to Accelerate Diffusion.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 74: 255–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetherington, C., R. Flin, and K. Mearns. 2006. “Safety in Shipping: The Human Element.” Journal of Safety Research 37 (4): 401–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, N., and J. Ryde. 2010. “Simulation for Dependable Mining Automation.” Paper Presented to Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES) Conference, Fremantle, December 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, T., and S. Ghosh. 2016. “Autonomous Merchant Vessels: Examination of Factors That Impact the Effective Implementation of Unmanned Ships.” Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs 8 (3): 206–222.
   Google Scholar
• Horberry, T., R. Burgess-Limerick, and R. Fuller. 2013. “The Contributions of Human Factors and Ergonomics to a Sustainable Minerals Industry.” Ergonomics 56 (3): 556–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyun Park, S., Seon Shin W, Hyun Park Y, and Y. Lee. 2017. “Building a new Culture for Quality Management in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Total Quality Management, Business Excellence 28 (9–10): 934–945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IAMU. 2019. Global Maritime Professional Body of Knowledge. Tokyo: International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU).
   Google Scholar
• iTerminals 4.0 launched to develop box port digitalisation. 2019. June 27. Accessed 16 December 2019. https://www.portseurope.com/iterminals-4-0-launched-to-develop-box-port-digitalisation/.
   Google Scholar
• Jämsä-Jounela, S. L. 2001. “Current Status and Future Trends in the Automation of Mineral and Metal Processing.” Control Engineering Practice 9 (9): 1021–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jou, Y. T., T. C. Yenn, and L. C. Yang. 2011. “Investigation of Automation Deployment in the Main Control Room of Nuclear Power Plants by Using Adaptive Automation.” Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Service Industries 21 (4): 350–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaber, D. B. 2018. “Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: Presumptive Aspects of Frameworks of Types and Levels of Automation.” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12 (1): 7–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantowitz, B. H. 1992. “Flight Deck Automation and Pilot Workload.” 0148-7191, SAE Technical Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Kharoufah, H., J. Murray, G. Baxter, and G. Wild. 2018. “A Review of Human Factors Causations in Commercial air Transport Accidents and Incidents: From to 2000–2016.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 99: 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., W. Jung, and S. Kim. 2014. “Empirical Investigation of Workloads of Operators in Advanced Control Rooms.” Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 51 (6): 744–751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Y. Kim, and W. Jung. 2014. “Operator’s Cognitive, Communicative and Operative Activities Based Workload Measurement of Advanced Main Control Room.” Annals of Nuclear Energy 72: 120–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Y. Kim, and W. Jung. 2016. “Operations Strategy for Workload Balancing of Crews in an Advanced Main Control Room.” Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 53 (8): 1097–1111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., J. Park, S. Han, and H. Kim. 2010. “Development of Extended Speech act Coding Scheme to Observe Communication Characteristics of Human Operators of Nuclear Power Plants Under Abnormal Conditions.” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 23 (4): 539–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klumpp, M. 2018. “Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Business Logistics Systems: Human Reactions and Collaboration Requirements.” International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 21 (3): 224–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak, Y.-P., Y.-C. Choi, and J. Choi. 2018. “Analysis Between Aircraft Cockpit Automation and Human Error Related Accident Cases.” International Journal of Control and Automation 11 (3): 179–192.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. D. 2008. “Review of a Pivotal Human Factors Article: Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse.” Human Factors 50 (3): 404–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, Y., F. Deschamps, Loures EdFR, and L. F. P. Ramos. 2017. “Past, Present and Future of Industry 4.0 – A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda Proposal.” International Journal of Production Research 55 (12): 3609–3629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. J., T.-C. Yenn, and C.-W. Yang. 2010. “Automation Design in Advanced Control Rooms of the Modernized Nuclear Power Plants.” Safety Science 48: 63–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, P., X. Lyu, Y. Qiu, J. He, J. Tong, J. Zhao, and Z. Li. 2017. “Identifying key Performance Shaping Factors in Digital Main Control Rooms of Nuclear Power Plants: A Risk-Based Approach.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 167: 264–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Y. Zhang, X. Yu, and C. Yuan. 2016. “Unmanned Surface Vehicles: An Overview of Developments and Challenges.” Annual Reviews in Control 41: 71–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lokuketagoda, G., T. Miwa, D. Ranmuthugala, S. Jayasinghe, and G. R. Emad. 2017. “Moving the Boundaries of MET with High Fidelity ERS Training, in Global Perspectives in MET: Towards Sustainable.” Green and Integrated Maritime Transport, 170–180.
   Google Scholar
• López-Lamba, M. E., and A. Alonso. 2019. “The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability.” Sustainability 11 (18): 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynas, D., and T. Horberry. 2011. “Human Factor Issues with Automated Mining Equipment.” The Ergonomics Open Journal 4 (1): 74–80.
   Google Scholar
• Macchiarella, N. D., P. K. Arban, and S. M. Doherty. 2006. “Transfer of Training from Flight Training Devices to Flight for ab-Initio Pilots.” International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies 6 (2): 299–314.
   Google Scholar
• Mallam, S. C., S. Nazir, and A. Sharma. 2019. “The Human Element in Future Maritime Operations-Perceived Impact of Autonomous Shipping.” Ergonomics 63 (3): 1–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man, Y., M. Lundh, T. Porathe, and S. MacKinnon. 2015. “From Desk to Field-Human Factor Issues in Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Autonomous Unmanned Vessels.” Procedia Manufacturing 3: 2674–2681.
   Google Scholar
• McCracken, C. J. 2011. “Flight Training Success in Technologically Advanced Aircraft (TAA).” Aviation Technology Graduate Student Publications. Paper 7. Indiana: Department of Aviation Technology, Purdue University.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, G. M. T., S. Lambeth, and T. Mavin. 2016. “The Use of Simulation in Ab Initio Pilot Training.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 26 (1-2): 36–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merat, N., A. H. Jamson, F. C. H. Lai, M. Daly, and O. M. J. Carsten. 2014. “Transition to Manual: Driver Behaviour When Resuming Control from a Highly Automated Vehicle.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 27: 274–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munim, Z. H. 2019. “Autonomous Ships: a Review, Innovative Applications and Future Maritime Business Models.” Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal 20 (4): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• MUNIN. 2016. “Research in Maritime Autonomous Systems Project Results and Technology Potentials.” http://www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MUNIN-final-brochure.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nam, C., P. Walker, H. Li, M. Lewis, and K. Sycara. 2019. “Models of Trust in Human Control of Swarms with Varied Levels of Autonomy.” In IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, British Colombia, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Naweed, A., G. R. J. Hockey, and S. D. Clarke. 2013. “Designing Simulator Tools for Rail Research: The Case Study of a Train Driving Microworld.” Applied Ergonomics 44 (3): 445–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, L. 2018. “9 Experts Discuss the Skills Seafarers Need in the Future.” Accessed 20 December 2019. https://knect365.com/shipping/article/c17e1ac8-6e3a-4e33-855c-5adbb3bad9aa/9-experts-discuss-the-skills-seafarers-need-in-the-future.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, P., A. O’Dea, R. Flin, and S. Belton. 2008. “Identifying the Team Skills Required by Nuclear Power Plant Operations Personnel.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 38 (11–12): 1028–1037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivier, L. E., and I. K. Craig. 2017. “A Survey on the Degree of Automation in the Mineral Processing Industry.” In 2017 IEEE AFRICON, Cape Town, South Africa, 404–409.
   Google Scholar
• Onnasch, L. 2015. “Crossing the Boundaries of Automation—Function Allocation and Reliability.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 76: 12–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onnasch, L., C. D. Wickens, H. Li, and D. Manzey. 2014. “Human Performance Consequences of Stages and Levels of Automation: An Integrated Meta-Analysis.” Human Factors 56 (3): 476–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman, R., and D. H. Manzey. 2010. “Complacency and Bias in Human Use of Automation: An Attentional Integration.” Human Factors 52 (3): 381–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman, R., and V. Riley. 1997. “Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse.” Human Factors 39 (2): 230–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pazouki, K., N. Forbes, R. A. Norman, and M. D. Woodward. 2018. “Investigation on the Impact of Human-Automation Interaction in Maritime Operations.” Ocean Engineering 153: 297–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, R. C. 2011. “Do Driver Training Programs Reduce Crashes and Traffic Violations?—A Critical Examination of the Literature.” International Association Traffic and Safety Sciences Research 34 (2): 63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, M. A. 2017. “Technological Unemployment: Educating for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 49 (1): 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourahmadi, M., M. Sayebani, and G. Emad. 2015. “Utilization of Fully Automated Container Terminals for Improving Efficiency of Port Logistics and Supply Chain (Port Complex of Shahid Rajai).” Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences 5 (S2): 2644–2655.
   Google Scholar
• Proud, R. W., J. J. Hart, and R. B. Mrozinski. 2003. “Methods for Determining the Level of Autonomy to Design into a Human Spaceflight Vehicle: A Function Specific Approach.” In Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS03), NIST.
   Google Scholar
• Ralston, J. C., C. O. Hargrave, and M. T. Dunn. 2017. “Longwall Automation: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities.” International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 27 (5): 733–739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos, M. A., I. Utne, and A. Mosleh. 2018. “On Factors Affecting Autonomous Ships Operators Performance in a Shore Control Center.” In Proceedings to PSAM14, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Ramos, M. A., I. B. Utne, and A. Mosleh. 2019. “Collision Avoidance on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: Operators Tasks and Human Failure Events.” Safety Science 116: 33–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relling, T., M. Lützhöft, R. Ostnes, and H. P. Hildre. 2018. “A Human Perspective on Maritime Autonomy.” In International Conference on Augmented Cognition, Aaalesund, Norway, 350–362.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, V. 1989. “A General Model of Mixed-Initiative Human-Machine Systems.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33 (2): 124–128.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, P., M. Kahraman, F. Drews, K. Powell, J. Haight, Y. Wang, K. Baxla, and M. Sobalkar. 2019. “Automation in the Mining Industry: Review of Technology, Systems, Human Factors, and Political Risk, Mining, Metallurgy.” Exploration 36 (9): 1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Rondon, M., and R. Fontes. 2017. “Reflections on Automation and the Need for New Competencies in the Civil Pilot Training.” Aeron Aero Open Access J 1 (4): 139–150.
   Google Scholar
• Rødseth, ØJ. 2017. “From Concept to Reality: Unmanned Merchant Ship Research in Norway.” In Proceedings of Underwater Technology (UT), Kobe, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Rødseth, ØJ. 2019. “Defining Ship Autonomy by Characteristic Factors.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. Busan: SINTEF Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rødseth, ØJ, and H. Nordahl. 2017. “Definitions for Autonomous Merchant Ships.” In Norwegian Forum for Unmanned Ships.
   Google Scholar
• Rødseth, ØJ, H. Nordahl, and Å Hoem. 2018. “Characterization of Autonomy in Merchant Ships.” In 2018 OCEANS-MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Oceans (OTO), Kobe, Japan, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Salas, E, Burke, CS, Bowers CA, Wilson KA (2001) Team Training in the Skies: Does Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training Work? Human Factors 43.4:641-674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas, E., D. Maurino, and M. Curtis. 2010. “Human Factors in Aviation: An Overview, in Human Factors in Aviation.” Elsevier, 3–19.
   Google Scholar
• Salas, E., K. A. Wilson, C. S. Burke, and D. C. Wightman. 2006. “Does Crew Resource Management Training Work? An Update, an Extension, and Some Critical Needs.” Human Factors 48 (2): 392–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen, A. O., and N. Haavisto. 2019. “Towards Autonomous Transportation. Passengers Experiences, Perceptions and Feelings in a Driverless Shuttle Bus in Finland.” Sustainability 11 (3): 588–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarter, N. B., and D. D. Woods. 1992. “Pilot Interaction with Cockpit Automation: Operational Experiences with the Flight Management System.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 2 (4): 303–321.
   Google Scholar
• Sayebani, M., M. Pourahmadi, and G. Emad. 2016. The Principle of Automated Container Terminal Design. Bandar Abbas: Hormozgan University Press. ISBN: 978-600-7279-20-5.
   Google Scholar
• Schröder-Hinrichs, J.-U., D.-W. Song, T. Fonseca, K. Lagdami, X. Shi, and K. Loer. 2019. “Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment-the Future of Work.” World Maritime University.
   Google Scholar
• Sebok, A., C. Wickens, L. Laux, and M. Jones. 2015. “Supporting Human-Automation Interaction in the Rail Industry by Applying Lessons from Aviation.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59 (1): 1661–1665.
   Google Scholar
• Sole, M. 2018. “Workplace Implecations of Industry 4.0 at the Post of Barcelona.” Master thesis, Lund University, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Sportillo, D., A. Paljic, and L. Ojeda. 2019. “On-road Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Training.” In 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction, Daegu, March.
   Google Scholar
• Stanic, V., N. Fafandjel, and M. Hadjina. 2019. “Towards Shipbuilding 4.0 – An Industry 4.0 Changing the Face of the Shipbuilding Industry.” Brodogrdnja/Shipbuilding/Open Access. 69.3.
   Google Scholar
• Strain, J., and K. E. N. Eason. 2000. “Exploring the Implications of Allocation of Function for Human Resource Management in the Royal Navy.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 52 (2): 319–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, N., J. Nilsson, I. C. M. Karlsson, and L. Nilsson. 2014. “Semi-automated Versus Highly Automated Driving in Critical Situations Caused by Automation Failures.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 27: 218–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanakitkorn, K. 2019. “A Review of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Development.” Maritime Technology and Research 1 (1): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Thieme, C. A., and I. B. Utne. 2017. “A Risk Model for Autonomous Marine Systems and Operation Focusing on Human–Autonomy Collaboration.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 231 (4): 446–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tichon, J., and R. Burgess-Limerick. 2011. “A Review of Virtual Reality as a Medium for Safety Related Training in Mining.” Journal of Health, Safety Research, Practice 3 (1): 33–40.
   Google Scholar
• Turan, O., R. E. Kurt, V. Arslan, S. Silvagni, M. Ducci, P. Liston, J. M. Schraagen, I. Fang, and G. Papadakis. 2016. “Can we Learn from Aviation: Safety Enhancements in Transport by Achieving Human Orientated Resilient Shipping Environment.” Transportation Research Procedia 14: 1669–1678.
   Google Scholar
• Vagia, M., A. A. Transeth, and S. A. Fjerdingen. 2016. “A Literature Review on the Levels of Automation During the Years. What are the Different Taxonomies That Have Been Proposed?” Applied Ergonomics 53: 190–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Wyk, E. A. 2015. “An Evaluation Framework for Virtual Reality Safety Training Systems in the South African Mining Industry.” PhD thesis, University of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Veillette, P. R. 1995. “Differences in Aircrew Manual Skills in Automated and Conventional Flight Decks.” Transportation Research Record 1480: 43–50.
   Google Scholar
• Velázquez, J. 2014. “The Current Status of Advanced Cockpit Technology (ACT) Education Within Collegiate Aviation: A Preliminary Outlook.” Collegiate Aviation Review 32 (1): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Vidan, P., M. B. Skočibušić, I. Pavić, and S. Vukša. 2019. “Autonomous Systems, Ships-Training and Education on Maritime Faculties.” In 8th International Maritime Science Conference.
   Google Scholar
• Wahlström, M., J. Hakulinen, H. Karvonen, and I. Lindborg. 2015. “Human Factors Challenges in Unmanned Ship Operations – Insights from Other Domains.” Procedia Manufacturing 3: 1038–1045.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., M. Zhang, J. Ma, and X. Zhou. 2016. “Survey on Driverless Train Operation for Urban Rail Transit Systems.” Urban Rail Transit 2 (3): 106–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehurst, G., and W. Rantz. 2011. “Digital Training to Analog Flying: Assessing the Risks of a Stark Transition.” Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education, Research 20 (3): 13–16.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehurst, G., and W. Rantz. 2012. “The Digital to Analog Risk: Should We Teach New Dogs Old Tricks?” Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education, Research 21 (3): 17–22.
   Google Scholar
• Winter, S. R., and R. O. Fanjoy. 2011. “Student and Instructor Perceptions of Training in a Technologically Advanced Aircraft.” In 16th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Ohio, USA, 321.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, L., W. He, and S. Li. 2014. “Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10 (4): 2233–2243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, L. D., E. L. Xu, and L. Li. 2018. “Industry 4.0: State of the art and Future Trends.” International Journal of Production Research 56 (8): 2941–2962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, J., T. Tang, L. Yang, J. Xun, Y. Huang, and Z. Gao. 2017. “Research and Development of Automatic Train Operation for Railway Transportation Systems: A Survey.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 85: 548–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, Y., and L. Zhang. 2015. “Study on Dynamic Evolution of Operators Behavior in Digital Nuclear Power Plant Main Control Room – Part I: Qualitative Analysis.” Safety Science 80: 296–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar