References
- Adefabi, R.D. (2011). Effects of FDI and human capital on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 32–38. doi:10.3923/pjssci.2011.32.38
- Agenor, P.R., & Moreno-Dodson, B. (2006). Public infrastructure and growth: New channels and policy implications (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4064). Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Azam, M., Khan, S., Zainal, B.Z., Karuppiah, N., & Khan, F. (2015). Foreign direct investment and human capital: Evidence from developing countries. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 12(3) 155–162.
- Baltagi, B.H. & Pesaran, M.H. (2007). Heterogeneity and cross section dependence in panel data model: Theory and applications. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2): 229–232.
- Baghirzade, N. (2012). The impact of foreign direct investment on human development index in commonwealth of independent states (Thesis). North Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean University.
- Barro, R.J. (1998). Determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Barry, F. 2005. FDI, transfer pricing and the measurement of R&D intensity. Research Policy, 34(5): 637–681.
- Baterl, A.P., & Sicherman, N. (1999). Technological change and wages: An interindustry analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 107, 285–325. doi:10.1086/250061
- Berg, V.D. (2001). Duration models: specification, identification and multiple duration. In: Handbook of Econometrics. Vol.5. Amsterdam: North-Holland. p3381–3460.
- Bende-Nabende, A., Ford, J., Santoso, B., & Sen, S. (2003). The interaction between FDI, output and the spillover variables: Cointegration and VAR analyses for APEC, 1965–1999. Applied Economics Letters, 10, 165–172. doi:10.1080/1350485022000044057
- Blomstrom, M., & Kokko, A. (1998). Multinational corporations and spillovers. Journal of Economic Surveys, 12, 247–277. doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00056
- Blomstrom, M., & Kokko, A. (2003). Human capital and inward FDI (CEPR Working Paper No. 167).
- Blomstrom, M., Lipsey, R.E., & Zejan, M. (1992). What explains developing countries growth? (NBER Working Paper No. 4132). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau for Economic Research.
- Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J.-W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45, 115–135. doi:10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0
- Brown, D.K., Deardorff, A.V., & Stern, R.M. (2003). The effects of multinational production on wages and working conditions in developing countries (NBER Working Paper No. 9669). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Carr, D.L., Markusen, J.R., & Maskus, K.E. (2001). Estimating the knowledge-capital model of the multinational enterprise. American Economic Review, 91, 693–708. doi:10.1257/aer.91.3.693
- Cohen, W.M. 1995. Empirical studies of innovative activity, in Stoneman, P. (ed). Handbook of the economics of innovation and technological change. Oxford: Blackwell. 182–264.
- Colen, L., Maertens, M. & Swinnen, J. (2008). Foreign direct investment as an engine of economic growth and human development: A review of the arguments and empirical evidence. IAP Working Paper No. 16. Leuven: Leuven Centre for Global Studies.
- De La Fuente, A., & Ciccone, A. (2000). Human capital in global and knowledge based economy. Center for Economic Policy and Research. (Working Paper No. 2466.
- Dey, D., & Mishra, S. (2018). A study on FDI in education sector and its impact on gross enrolment ratio in higher education in India. An econometric approach. International Journal of Management Studies, 3(6):2231-2528. doi:10.18843/ijms/v5i3(6)/06
- Driscoll, J.C., & Kraay, A.C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially depended panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549–560. doi:10.1162/003465398557825
- Dunning, J.H. (1977). Trade, location of economic activity and the MNE: A search for an eclectic approach. In B. Ohlin, P.O Hesselborn, & P.M. Wijkman (Eds.), The international allocation of economic activity (pp. 395–418). London: Macmillan.
- Economic Commission for Africa, African Union, African Development Bank Group, and United Nations Devlopment Programme. (2012). MDG Report 2012: Assessing progress in Africa toward the millennium development goals. Addis Ababa:Economic Commission for Africa.
- Egger, H., Egger, P., Falkinger, J., & Grossman, V. (2005). International capital market integration, educational choice and economic growth (Discussion Paper No. 1863). Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labour.
- Gittens, D. (2006). The effects of foreign direct investment on the accumulation of human capital in developing countries: Are there implication for future growth (ETD collection for Fordham University Working Paper No. AAI3216910).
- Gittens, D., & Pilgrim, S. (2013). Foreign direct investment and human capital: A dynamic paradox for developing countries. Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 4, 26–49.
- Hansen, H., & Rand, J. (2006). On the causal links between FDI and growth in developing countries. The World Economy, 29, 21–41. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00756.x
- Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. Stata Journal, 7(3): 281–312.
- Human Development Report (2014). Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. New York:UNADP
- IMF and World Bank. (2007). Annual Meetings Report. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- International Monetary Fund. (1999). Growth in sub-Saharan Africa: Performance, impediments and policy requirements. World Economic Outlook, Chapter VI. Washington, DC: Author.
- Kheng, V., Sun, S., & Anwar, S. (2017). Foreign direct investment and human capital in developing countries: A panel data approach. Economic Change and Restructuring, 50, 341–365. doi:10.1007/s10644-016-9191-0
- Kottaridi, C. & Stengos, T. (2010): Foreign direct investment, human capital and non-linearities in economic growth. Journal of Macroeconomics 32: 858–871.
- Li, X., & Liu, X. (2005). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: An increasingly endogenous relationship. World Development, 33, 393–407. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.11.001
- Lucas, R.E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3–42. doi:10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
- Makki, S.S., & Somwaru, A. (2004). Impact of foreign direct investment and trade on economic growth: evidence from developing countries. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(3), 795-801.
- Mankiw, N.G., Romer, D., & Weil, D.N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407–437. doi:10.2307/2118477
- Markusen, J.R., & Venables, A.J. (1999). Foreign direct investment as a catalyst for industrial development. European Economic Review, 43, 335–356. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00048-8
- Mazhar, M., & Vechiu, N. (2015). Investissements directs étrangers et éducation dans les pays en voie de développement. Revue Économique, 66, 369–400. doi:10.3917/reco.pr2.0038
- Mughal, M., & Vechiu, N. (2009). Does FDI promote higher education? Evidence from developing countries. Retrieved from http://www.umb.no/statisk/ncde-2009/mughalvechiu.pdf
- Mughal, M. & Vechiu, N. (2015). Foreign direct investment and education in developing countries. Economic review, 66 (2), 369–400.
- Narang, V., & Jain, A. (2014). FDI in education sector: Issues, prospects and future implications. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 3, 101–108.
- Ndeffo, L.N. (2010). Foreign direct investment and human capital development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economics and Applied Informatics, XVI, 37–50.
- Noorbakhsh, F. & Paloni, A. & Youssef, A. (2001). Human capita and FDI inflows to developing countries: new empirical evidence. Worlds development, 29(3): 1593–1610).
- Overseas Development Institute. (2002). Foreign direct investment: Who gains? (ODI Briefing Paper). London: Author.
- Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels (Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435). Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Rodríguez-Clare, A. (1999). Multinationals, linkages, and economic development. American Economic Review, 86(4): 852–873.
- Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological changes. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71–S102. doi:10.1086/261725
- Santosa, W. (2014) Analysis of the impact of foreign direct investment on social development in Indonesia and other ASEAN countries. Paper presented at the 2nd IBEA-International Conference on Business, Economics and Accounting, Hong Kong, March 26–28.
- Slaughter, M.J. (2002). Does inward foreign direct investment contribute to skill upgrading in developing countries? Working Paper No. 08. New York, NY: Center for Economic Policy Analysis, New School University.
- Soltanpanah, H., & Kamiri, M.H. (2013). Accumulation of human capital and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in ASEAN-3 countries. African Journal of Business Management, 7, 1599–1605.
- Subbarao, P.S. (2008). FDI and human capital development (Working Paper No. 2008-02-01). Indian Institute of Management.
- Tavares, A.T., & Teixeira, A.C. (2006). Is human capital a significant determinant of Portugal’s FDI attractiveness? (FEP Working Papers Research Work in Progress No. 211).
- Te Velde, D.W. (2002). Foreign direct investment in developing countries: implication for human capital formation and income inequality (OECD Development Center Technical Report No. 193).
- Te Velde, D.W., & Morrissey, O. (2004). Foreign direct investment, skills and wage inequality in East Asia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 9, 348–369. doi:10.1080/1354786042000272991
- The Millennium Development Goals Report (2010). United Nations, New York.
- The Millennium Development Goals Report (2013). United Nations, New York.
- The Millennium Development Goals Report (2014). United Nations, New York.
- UNCTAD. (2003). Foreign direct investment for development: National and international perspective. Geneva: Author.
- UNCTAD. (2005). Transnational corporations and the internalization of R&D. Geneva: World Investment Report, United Nations.
- UNCTAD. (2008). World investment report. Geneva: Author.
- UNCTAD. (2010). The least developed countries report. Geneva: United Nations.
- World Bank. (1997). Global economic prospects and the developing countries. Washington, DC: Author.
- Zhuang, H. (2008). Foreign direct investment and human capital accumulation in China. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 19, 205–215.