Use Omega Rather than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability. But…

References

• Becker, L. B., Vlad, T., & Nusser, N. (2007). An evaluation of press freedom indicators. The International Communication Gazette, 69, 5–28. doi:10.1177/1748048507072774
   Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 306–307. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330–339. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeAndrea, D. C., & Carpenter, C. (2018). Measuring the construct of warranting value and testing warranting theory. Communication Research, 45, 1193–1215. doi:10.1177/0093650216644022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105, 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self‐consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522‐527. doi:10.1037/h0076760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flake, J. K., & Fried, E. I. (2019, January 17). Measurement schmeasurement: Questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them. doi:10.31234/osf.io/hs7wm
   Google Scholar
• Flake, J. K., Pek, J., & Hehman, E. (2017). Construct validation in social and personality research: Current practice and recommendations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8, 370–378. doi:10.1177/1948550617693063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, E. I., & Flake, J. K. (2018). Measurement matters. APS Observer, 31(3). Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/measurement-matters
   Google Scholar
• Graham, J. M. (2006). Congeneric and (essentially) tau-equivalent estimates of score reliability: What they are and how to use them. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 930–944. doi:10.1177/0013164406288165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, S. B., & Yang, Y. (2009). Commentary on coefficient alpha: A cautionary tale. Psychometrika, 74, 121–135. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9098-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman, L. (1945). A basis for analyzing test-retest reliability. Psychometrika, 10, 255–282. doi:10.1007/BF02288892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, G. R., & An, J. (in press). A closed-form alternative for estimating omega reliability under unidimensionality. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., Glynn, C. J., & Shanahan, J. (2005). Willingness to self-censor: A construct and measurement tool for public opinion research. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17, 298–323. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edh073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., Matthes, J., & Eveland, W. P. (2013). Stimulating the quasi-statistical organ: Fear of social isolation motivates the quest for knowledge of the opinion climate. Communication Research, 40, 439–462. doi:10.1177/0093650211428608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infante, D. A., & Rancer, A. S. (1982). A conceptualization and measure of argumentativeness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 72–80. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4601_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 102–138). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, K. (2007). Methods for the behavioral, educational, and social sciences: An R package. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 979–984. doi:10.3758/BF03192993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopalle, P. K., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Alpha inflation?: The impact of eliminating scale items on Cronbach’s alpha. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 189–197. doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 202–220. doi:10.1177/1094428105284919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371‐375. doi:10.1177/0146167283093007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• McNeish, D. (2018). Thanks coefficient alpha, we’ll take it from here. Psychological Methods, 23, 412–433. doi:10.1037/met0000144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, J. D. (1978a). A comparison of three algorithms for item analysis to maximize coefficient alpha. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 801–804. doi:10.1177/001316447803800321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, J. D. (1978b). Maximizing coefficient alpha reliability while maintaining validity. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 19, 733–734. doi:10.3758/BF03205385
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd edition). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Padilla, M. A., & Divers, J. (2013). Bootstrap interval estimation of reliability via coefficient omega. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 12, 78–89. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1367381520
   Google Scholar
• Prochazka, F., & Schweiger, W. (2019). How to measure generalized trust in news media? An adaptation and test of scales. Communication Methods and Measures, 13, 26–42. doi:10.1080/19312458.2018.1506021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T. (1997a). Scale reliability, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, and violations of essential tau-equivalence with fixed congeneric components. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 329–353. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3204_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T. (1997b). Estimation of composite reliability for congeneric measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21, 173–184. doi:10.1177/01466216970212006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T. (1998). A method for obtaining standard errors and confidence intervals of composite reliability for congeneric items. Applied Psychological Measurement, 22, 369–374. doi:10.1177/014662169802200406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T. (2001). Bias of coefficient α for fixed congeneric measures with correlated errors. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25, 69–76. doi:10.1177/01466216010251005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T. (2007). Reliability if deleted, not ‘alpha if deleted’: Evaluation of scale reliability following component deletion. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 60, 201–216. doi:10.1348/000711006X115954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2019). Thanks coefficient alpha, we still need you! Educational and Psychological Measurement, 79, 200–210. doi:10.1177/0013164417725127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, L. D., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1990). Family communication patterns: Measuring intrapersonal perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Communication Research, 17, 523–544. doi:10.1177/009365090017004007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1999). Measures of political attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, R. B., Palmgreen, P., & Sypher, H. E. (1994). Communication research measures: A sourcebook. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8, 350–353. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serlin, R. C., & Kaiser, H. F. (1976). A computer program for item selection based on maximizing internal consistency. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 36, 757–759. doi:10.1177/001316447603600328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha. Psychometrika, 74, 107–112. doi: 10.1007/S11336-008-9101-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson, M. T., Hoyle, R. H., Palmgreen, P., & Slater, M. D. (2003). Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large scale surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 72, 279–286. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80, 99–103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, W. B., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2001). Blirtatiousness: Cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences of rapid responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1160–1175. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trizano-Hermosilla, I., & Alvarado, J. M. (2016). Best alternatives to Cronbach’s alpha reliability in realistic conditions: Congeneric and asymmetrical measurements. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 769. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandello, J. A., & Cohen, D. (1999). Patterns of individualism and collectivism across the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 279–292. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., & Green, S. B. (2010). A note on structural equation modeling estimates of reliability. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 66–81. doi:10.1080/10705510903438963
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., & Green, S. B. (2011). Coefficient alpha: A reliability coefficient for the 21st century? Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29, 377–392. doi:10.1177/0734282911406668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X., & Yzer, M. (2019). Testing a brief scale format self-affirmation induction for use in health communication research and practice. Communication Methods and Measures, 13, 178–197. doi:10.1080/19312458.2019.1572084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar