References
- Braun YA. Gender, large-scale development, and food insecurity in Lesotho: an analysis of the impact of the Lesotho highlands water project. Gender Dev. 2010;18(3):453–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2010.522028.
- McArthur LH, Ball L, Danek AC, Holbert D. A high prevalence of food insecurity among university students in Appalachia reflects a need for educational interventions and policy advocacy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2018;50(6):564–572. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.011.
- Wunderlich GS, Norwood JL. Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press; 2006.
- Rychetnik L, Webb K, Story L, Katz T. Food Security Options Paper: A Planning Framework and Menu of Options for Policy and Practice Interventions. New South Wales, AU: New South Wales Department of Health; 2003.
- Van den Berg L, Raubenheimer J. Food insecurity among students at the University of the free state, South Africa. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2015;28(4):160–169. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2015.11734556.
- House J, Su J, Levy-Milne R. Definitions of healthy eating among university students. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2006;67(1):14–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.3148/67.1.2006.14.
- Patton-López MM, López-Cevallos DF, Cancel-Tirado DI, Vazquez L. Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among students attending a midsize rural university in Oregon. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2014;46(3):209–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.10.007.
- Payne-Sturges DC, Tjaden A, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Arria AM. Student hunger on campus: food insecurity among college students and implications for academic institutions. Am J Health Promotion. 2018;32(2):349–354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117117719620.
- Hughes R, Serebryanikova I, Donaldson K, Leveritt M. Student food insecurity: the skeleton in the university closet. Nutr Diet. 2011;68(1):27–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01496.x.
- Reynolds E, Johnson C, Jamieson JA, Mawhinney H. Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among students attending a small, rural Canadian university. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2018;79(3):125–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2018-004.
- Olauson C, Engler-Stringer R, Vatanparast H, Hanoski R. Student food insecurity: examining barriers to higher education at the University of Saskatchewan. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2018;13(1):19–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2017.1393365.
- Balamurugan G, Prabhudeva SS. Prevalence and correlates of hunger among private aided secondary school children in Bangalore. Int J Nurs. 2015;4:67–69.
- Mwambene JB, Muula AS, Leo JC. Prevalence and correlates of hunger among primary and secondary school children in Malawi: results from the 2009 global school-based health survey. Malawi Med J. 2013;25:45–49.
- Bickel G, Nord M, Price C, Hamilton W, Cook J. Guide to Measuring Household Food Security. 2000. Alexandria: Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service.
- Swahn MH, Bossarte RM, Gaylor E, Elimam DM, Walingo MK. Hunger and risk for emotional and behavioral problems: a comparison between students in Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. Int Public Health J. 2010;2:185–194.
- World Health Organization, & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). 2013. Geneva: WHO.
- Koyanagi A, Stubbs B, Oh H, et al. Food insecurity (hunger) and suicide attempts among 179,771 adolescents attending school from 9 high-income, 31 middle-income, and 4 low-income countries: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord. 2019;248:91–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.033.
- Shayo FK, Kalomo MH. Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7632-1.
- Nguyen HT, Frongillo EA, Fram MS, Bernal J. Prevalence of food insecurity of adolescent students from 83 countries. Faseb J. 2017;31:791–795.
- Jacob L, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A. Consumption of carbonated soft drinks and suicide attempts among 105,061 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 6 high-income, 22 middle-income, and 4 low-income countries. Clin Nutr. 2019;39(3),886-892.
- Ke J, Ford-Jones EL. Food insecurity and hunger: A review of the effects on children’s health and behaviour. Paediatr Child Health. 2015;20(2):89–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/20.2.89.
- Perez-Escamilla F, de Toledo Vianna RP. Food insecurity and the behavioral and intellectual development of children: A review of the evidence. J Appl Res Children. 2012;3:9.
- Nyaradi A, Li J, Hickling S, Foster J, Oddy WH. The role of nutrition in children’s neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:97. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00097.
- Chilton M, Rabinowich J. Toxic stress and child hunger over the life course: three case studies. J Appl Res Child. 2012;3:3.
- Weinreb L, Wehler C, Perloff J, et al. (2002). Hunger: its impact on children’s health and mental health. Pediatrics. 2002;110(4):e41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.4.e41.
- Bruening M, Brennhofer S, van Woerden I, Todd M, Laska M. Factors related to the high rates of food insecurity among diverse, urban college freshmen. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(9):1450–1457. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.04.004.
- Nazmi A, Martinez S, Byrd A, et al. A systematic review of food insecurity among US students in higher education. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2018;14(5):1–16.
- Morris LM, Smith S, Davis J, Null DB. The prevalence of food security and insecurity among Illinois university students. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2016;48(6):376–382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.03.013.
- Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Hunger and psychobehavioural problems among adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2017;11(3):e8185–e8185. doi:https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.
- Morris LM, Smith S, Davis J, Null DB. The prevalence of food security and insecurity among Illinois university students. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2016;48(6):376–382.
- Cooke E, Hague S, McKay A. The Ghana Poverty and Inequality Report: Using the 6th Ghana Living Standards Survey. New York: UNICEF; 2016.
- Antwi-Agyei P, Fraser ED, Dougill AJ, Stringer LC, Simelton E. Mapping the vulnerability of crop production to drought in Ghana using rainfall, yield and socioeconomic data. Appl Geogr. 2012;32(2):324–334. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.06.010.
- Asuming-Brempong S, Owusu AB, Frimpong S, Annor-Frempong I. Technological innovations for smallholder farmers in Ghana. Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing;2016.
- Coleman-Jensen A, McFall W, Nord M. Food Insecurity in Households with Children: Prevalence, Severity, and Household Characteristics, 2010–11. 2013. (No. 1476-2017-3892). Washington, D.C: United States Department of Agriculture.
- Agbadi P, Urke HB, Mittelmark MB. Household food security and adequacy of child diet in the food insecure region north in Ghana. PloS One. 2017;11;12(5):e0177377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177377.
- Owusu A, Hart P, Oliver B, Kang M. The association between bullying and psychological health among senior high school students in Ghana, West Africa. J Sch Health. 2011;81(5):231–238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00590.x.
- Margolin G, Gordis EB. Children’s exposure to violence in the family and community. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2004;13(4):152–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00296.x.
- Kilpatrick DG, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R, Saunders BE, Resnick HS, Best CL. Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(4):692. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.692.
- Huan M, Hamazaki K, Sun Y, et al. Suicide attempt and n-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells: a case control study in China. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;56(7):490–496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.028.
- Li Y, Zhang J, McKeown RE. Cross-sectional assessment of diet quality in individuals with a lifetime history of attempted suicide. Psychiatry Res. 2009;165(1–2):111–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.09.004.
- Renzaho AM, Mellor D. Food security measurement in cultural pluralism: missing the point or conceptual misunderstanding? Nutrition. 2010;26(1):1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.001.
- FSI. Global Food Security Index 2016. An Annual Measure of the State of Global Food Security. New York: The Economic Intelligence Unit; 2016.