Physical Activity and Psychological Correlates During an After-School Running Club

References

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. http://www.health.gov/PAGuidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf. Published October 2008. Accessed June 14, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• National Physical Activity Plan Alliance. The 2016 United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. http://www.physicalactivityplan.org/reportcard/2016FINAL_USReportCard.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed January 10, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hirvensalo M, Lintunen T. Life-course perspective for physical activity and sports participation. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2011;8:13–22. doi:10.1007/s11556-010-0076-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth FW, Roberts CK, Lave MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012;2:1143–1211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et al. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(Suppl 3):S197–S239. doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pate RR, Davis MG, Robinson TN, et al. Promoting physical activity in children and youth: a leadership role for schools. Circulation. 2006;114:1214–1224. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobbins M, Husson H, DeCorby K, et al. School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;28:CD007651. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007651.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, et al. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hollis JL, Williams AJ, Sutherland R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons. Prev Med. 2016;86:34–54. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAPE America. The Essential Components of Physical Education. Reston, VA: SHAPE America; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• SHAPE America, American Heart Association, Voices for Healthy Kids. 2016 Shape of the Nation Report: Status of Physical Education in the USA. Reston, VA: SHAPE America; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kahan D, McKenzie TL. Energy expenditure estimates during school physical education: potential vs reality? Prev Med. 2017;95:82–88. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie TL, Lounsbery MAF. School physical education: the pill not taken. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2008;3:219–225. doi:10.1177/1559827609331562.
   Google Scholar
• Beets MW, Wallner M, Beighle A. Defining standards and policies for promoting physical activity in afterschool programs. J Sch Health. 2010;80:411–417. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00521.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beets MW. Policies and Standards for Promoting Physical Activity in After-School Programs. A Research Brief. http://activelivingresearch.org/policies-and-standards-promoting-physical-activity-after-school-programs. Published May 2012. Accessed January 18, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Beets MW, Huberty J, Beighle A. The Healthy Afterschool Program Network. Physical activity of children attending afterschool programs: research- and practice-based implications. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42:180–184. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan CF, Beighle A, Pangrazi RP. What are the contributory and compensatory relationships between physical education and physical activity in children? Res Q Exerc Sport. 2007;78:407–412. doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National After School Association. Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Standards. http://naaweb.org/images/NAA_HEPA_Standards_new_look_2015.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed June 15, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• California Department of Education. After School Physical Activity Guidelines. http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ba/as/documents/paguidelines.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed June 15, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Behrens TK, Miller DJ, Schuna JM, et al. Physical activity intensity, lesson context, and teacher interactions during an unstructured afterschool physical activity program. J Sch Health. 2015;85:880–885. doi:10.1111/josh.12345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trost SG, Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski D. Physical activity levels among children attending after-school programs. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:622–629. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318161eaa5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beets MW, Shah R, Weaver RG, et al. Physical activity in after-school programs: comparison with physical activity policies. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12:1–7. doi:10.1123/jpah.2013-0135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beets MW, Beighle A, Erwin HE, et al. After-school program impact on physical activity and fitness: a meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36:527–537. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demetriou Y, Gillison F, McKenzie TL. After-school physical activity interventions on child and adolescent physical activity and health: a review of reviews. Adv Phys Educ. 2017;7:191–215. doi:10.4236/ape.2017.72017.
   Google Scholar
• Biddle SJH, Atkin AJ, Cavill N, et al. Correlates of physical activity in youth: a review of quantitative systematic reviews. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011;4:25–29. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2010.548528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterdt E, Liersch S, Walter U. Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. Health Educ J. 2014;13:72–89. doi:10.1177/0017896912469578.
   Google Scholar
• Xiang P, Bruene A, McBride RE. Using achievement goal theory to assess an elementary physical education running program. J Sch Health. 2004;74:220–225. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb07936.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang P, McBride RE, Bruene A. Fourth-grade students’ motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2006;77:195–207. doi:10.1080/02701367.2006.10599354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang P, McBride RE, Bruene A, et al. Achievement goal orientation patterns and fifth graders’ motivation in physical education running programs. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007;19:179–191. doi:10.1123/pes.19.2.179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang P, Liu Y, McBride RE, et al. Longitudinal goal patterns and their effects of students’ motivation in running programs. J Exp Educ. 2011;79:295–317. doi:10.1080/00220973.2010.486809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stylianou M, Van Der Mars H, Hodges Kulinna P, et al. Before-school running/walking club and student physical activity levels: an efficacy study. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2016;87:342–353. doi:10.1080/02701367.2016.1214665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baquet G, Gamelin FX, Mucci P, et al. Continuous vs interval aerobic training in 8- to 11-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24:1381–1388. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1575a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan D, McKenzie T. Physical activity and energy expenditure during an after-school running club: laps vs game play. J Sch Health. 2018;88:237-245. doi:10.1111/josh.12601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston JM, Pennypacker HS. Strategies and Tactics of Human Behavioral Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Sidman M. Tactics of Scientific Research. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1960.
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie TL, Sallis JF, Rosengard P, et al. The SPARK programs: a public health model of physical education research and dissemination. J Teach Phys Educ. 2016;35:381–389. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2016-0100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper JO, Heron TE, Heward WL. Applied Behavior Analysis. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders TJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et al. Validity of SC-StepRx pedometer-derived moderate and vigorous physical activity during treadmill walking and running in a heterogeneous sample of children and youth. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:519. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart TL, Brusseau T, Hodges Kulinna P, et al. Evaluation of low-cost, objective instruments for assessing physical activity in 10–11-year-old children. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2011;82:600–609. doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters KS, Ogles BM, Jolton JA. The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: the Motivations of Marathoners Scale (MOMS). Res Q Exerc Sport. 1993;64(2):134–143. doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10608790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duda JL, Nicholls JG. Dimensions of goal achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. J Educ Psychol. 1992;84:290–299. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew JB, Loukas A, Jowers EM, et al. Validation of the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale: testing measurement invariance between Hispanic and Caucasian children. J Phys Act Health. 2006;3:70–78. doi:10.1123/jpah.3.1.70.
   Google Scholar
• Pate RR, Trost SG, Felton GM, et al. Correlates of physical activity in rural youth. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1997;68:241–248. doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers WM, Sullivan MJL. Task, coping, and scheduling self-efficacy in relation to frequency of physical activity. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2001;31:741–753. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb01411.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers WM, Wilson PM, Hall CR, et al. Evidence for a multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79:222–234. doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker RI, Vannest KJ, Davis JL, et al. Combining nonoverlap and trend for single-case research: tau-U. Behav Ther. 2011;42:284–299. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker RI, Vannest KJ. An improved effect size for single case research: nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP). Behav Ther. 2009;40:357–367. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf. Published May 23, 2008. Accessed June 15, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Bassett DR, Fitzhugh EC, Heath GW, et al. Estimated energy expenditures for school-based policies and active living. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44:108–113. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene L, Pate R. Training Young Distance Runners. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York, NY: Plenum; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Sebire SJ, Jago R, Fox KR, et al. Testing a self-determination theory model of children’s physical activity motivation: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:111. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts GC, Treasure DC, Conroy DL. Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: an achievement goal orientation. In: Tennenbaum G, Eklund RC, eds. Handbook of Sport Psychology. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons;2007:3–30.
   Google Scholar
• Tzetzis G, Goudas M, Kourtessis T, et al. The relation of goal orientations to physical activity in physical education. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2002;8:177–188. doi:10.1177/1356336X020082004.
   Google Scholar
• Gu X, Zhang T. Changes in children’s motivation in physical education and physical activity: a longitudinal perspective. Adv Phys Educ. 2015;6:205–212. doi:10.4236/ape.2016.63022.
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie T, Alcaraz J, Sallis JF. Assessing children’s liking for activity units in an elementary physical education curriculum. J Teach Phys Educ. 1994;13:206–215. doi:10.1123/jtpe.13.3.206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar