529
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Obama's Online Success and European Party Organizations: Adoption and Adaptation of U.S. Online Practices in the Norwegian Labor Party

Pages 158-170 | Published online: 16 Apr 2013

References

  • Anstead , N. 2008 . The Internet and campaign finance in the U.S. and the UK: An institutional comparison . Journal of Information Technology & Politics , 5 : 285 – 302 .
  • Blumler , J. G. and Kavanagh , D. 1999 . The third age of political communication: Influences and features . Political Communication , 16 : 209 – 230 .
  • Chadwick , A. 2007 . Digital network repertoires and organizational hybridity . Political Communication , 24 : 283 – 301 .
  • Dobbin , F. , Simmons , B. and Garrett , G. 2007 . The global diffusion of public policies: Social construction, coercion, competition or learning? . Annual Review of Sociology , 33 : 449 – 472 .
  • Duverger , M. 1954 . Political parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state , London : Methuen .
  • Farrell , D. 2002 . “ Campaign modernization and political parties ” . In Political parties in the new Europe: Political and analytical challenges , Edited by: Luther , K. R. and üller-Rommel , F. M . 63 – 84 . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press .
  • Farrell , D. and Webb , P. 2000 . “ Political parties as campaign organizations ” . In Parties without partisans , Edited by: Dalton , R. J. and Wattenberg , M. P. 102 – 128 . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press .
  • Foot , K. A. and Schneider , S. M. 2006 . Web campaigning , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
  • Gibson , R. 2004 . Web-campaigning from a global perspective . Asia-Pacific Review , 11 : 95 – 126 .
  • Gibson , R. and Ward , S. 2009 . Parties in the digital age—a review article . Representation , 45 : 87 – 100 .
  • Hallin , D. C. and Mancini , P. 2004 . “ Americanization, globalization, and secularization: Understanding the convergence of media systems and political communication ” . In Comparing political communication , Edited by: Esser , F. and Pfetsch , B. 25 – 44 . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Harfoush , R. 2009 . Yes we did: An inside look at how social media built the Obama brand , Berkeley , CA : New Riders .
  • Heidar , K. 2005 . Norwegian parties and the party system: Steadfast and changing . West European Politics , 28 : 807 – 833 .
  • Heidar , K. and Saglie , J. 2003 . Predestined parties? Organizational change in Norwegian political parties . Party Politics , 9 : 219 – 239 .
  • Heilbroner , R. L. 1967 . Do machines make history? . Technology and Culture , 8 : 335 – 345 .
  • Herrnson , P. S. 2008 . Congressional elections: Campaigning at home and in Washington , Washington , DC : CQ Press .
  • Hindman , M. 2005 . The real lessons of Howard Dean: Reflections on the first digital campaign . Perspectives on Politics , 3 : 121 – 128 .
  • Hindman , M. 2009 . The myth of digital democracy , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Howard , P. N. 2006 . New media campaigns and the managed citizen , Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kalnes , Ø. 2009 . Norwegian parties and Web 2.0 . Journal of Information Technology and Politics , 6 : 251 – 266 .
  • Karlsen , R. 2009 . Campaign communication and the Internet: Party strategy in the 2005 Norwegian election campaign . Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties , 19 : 183 – 202 .
  • Karlsen , R. 2010 . Does new media technology drive election campaign change? . Information Polity , 15 : 215 – 225 .
  • Karlsen , R. 2011a . A platform for individualized campaigning? Social media and parliamentary candidates in the party-centered Norwegian campaign . Policy and Internet , 3 article 4
  • Karlsen , R. 2011b . Still broadcasting the campaign: On the Internet and the fragmentation of political communication with evidence from Norwegian electoral politics . Journal of Information Technology & Politics , 8 : 146 – 162 .
  • Koole , R. 1994 . “ The vulnerability of the modern cadre party in the Netherlands ” . In How parties organize , Edited by: Katz , R. and Mair , P. 278 – 303 . London : Sage .
  • Krouwel , A. 2006 . “ Party models ” . In Handbook of party politics , Edited by: Katz , R. and Crotty , W. J. 249 – 269 . London : Sage .
  • Lawson , K. 2010 . Political parties and democracy: Europe , Westport , CT : Praeger .
  • Lilleker , D. and Jackson , N. A. 2011 . Politial campaigning: Elections and the Internet: Comparing the US, UK, France and Germany , London : Routledge .
  • Løfgren , K. and Smith , C. 2003 . “ Political parties and democracy in the Information Age ” . In Net gain? Political parties and the Internet , Edited by: Gibson , R. , Nixon , P. and Ward , S. 39 – 52 . London : Routledge .
  • Margetts , H. 2006 . “ The cyber party ” . In Handbook of party politics , Edited by: Katz , R. and Crotty , W. J. 528 – 535 . London : Sage .
  • Neuman , W. R. 1991 . The future of the mass audience , Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nielsen , R. 2009 . The labors of Internet-assisted activism: Overcommunication, miscommunication, and communicative overload . Journal of Information Technology & Politics , 6 : 267 – 280 .
  • Norris , P. 2000 . A virtuous circle: Political communication in postindustrial societies , Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Panagopoulos , C. and Francia , P. I. 2009 . Grassroots mobilization in the 2008 presidential campaign . Journal of Political Marketing , 8 : 315 – 333 .
  • Pedersen , K. and Saglie , J. 2005 . New technology in aging parties: Internet use in Danish and Norwegian parties . Party Politics , 11 : 359 – 377 .
  • Pieterse , J. N. 1997 . “ Globalization as hybridization ” . In Global modernities , Edited by: Featherstone , M. , Lash , S. and Robertson , R. 45 – 68 . London : Sage .
  • Plasser , F. and Plasser , G. 2002 . Global political campaigning , London : Praeger .
  • Plouffe , D. 2009 . The audacity to win: The inside story and lessons of Barack Obama's historic victory , London : Viking .
  • Pool , I. S. 1983 . Technologies of freedom , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Rogers , E. M. 1995 . Diffusion of innovations , 5th , New York : Free Press .
  • Schmitt-Beck , R. 2007 . “ New modes in campaigning ” . In Handbook in political behavior , Edited by: Dalton , R. and Klingemann , H. D. 744 – 764 . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press .
  • Schweitzer , E. J. 2011 . “ Controlled interactivity: Parties' online campaigns in the 2009 German national elections ” . In Politial campaigning. Elections and the Internet: Comparing the US, UK, France and Germany , Edited by: Lilleker , D. and Jackson , N. A. 99 – 120 . London : Routledge .
  • Teigen , M. 2012 . Gender quotas on corporate boards: On the diffusion of a distinct national policy reform . Comparative Social Research , 29 : 185 – 209 .
  • Thomas , E. 2009 . A long time coming”. The inspiring, combative 2008 campaign and the historic election of Barack Obama , London : Public Affairs .
  • Vaccari , C. 2010 . “Technology is a commodity”: The Internet in the 2008 United States presidential election . Journal of Information Technology & Politics , 7 : 318 – 339 .
  • Valen , H. and Katz , D. 1964 . Political parties in Norway , Oslo : Universitetsforlaget .
  • Weyland , K. G. 2005 . Theories of policy diffusion: Lessons from Latin American pension reform . World Politics , 57 : 262 – 295 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.