Temperature Enhanced Effects of Ozone on Cardiovascular Mortality in 95 Large US Communities, 1987–2000: Assessment Using the NMMAPS Data

References

• Bell , M L , McDermott , A Zeger , S L . 2004 . Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987–2000 . JAMA. , 292 : 2372 – 2378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryparis , A , Bertil , B Katsouyanni , K . 2004 . Acute effects of ozone on mortality from the “Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach” project . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , 170 : 1080 – 1087 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy , J L , Chemerynsky , S K and Sarnat , J A . 2005 . Ozone exposure and mortality—an empiric Bayes meta-regression analysis . Epidemiology. , 16 : 458 – 468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , J . 2005 . How sensitive is the association between ozone and daily deaths to control for temperature? . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , 171 : 627 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu , R and Samet , J M . 2002 . Relation between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiological evidence . Epidemiol Rev. , 24 : 190 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curriero , F C , Heiner , K S Samet , J M . 2002 . Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the eastern United States . Am J Epidemiol. , 155 : 80 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patz , J A , Engelberg , D and Last , J . 2000 . The effects of changing weather on public health . Annu Rev Public Health. , 21 : 271 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsouyanni , K , Touloumi , G Spix , C . 1997 . Short-term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate mater on mortality in 12 European cities: results from time series data from the APHEA project . BMJ. , 314 : 1658 – 1663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , S . 2004 . Interaction between particulate air pollution and temperature in air pollution mortality time series studies . Environ Res. , 96 : 328 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samet , J , Zeger , S Kelshall , J . 1998 . Does weather confound or modify the association of particulate air pollution with mortality? an analysis of the Philadelphia data, 1973–1980 . Environ Res. , 77 : 9 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , C and Tong , S . 2006 . Temperature modifies the health effects of particulate matter in Brisbane, Australia . Int J Biometeorol , 51 : 87 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , C , Williams , G M , Mengersen , K , Morawska , L and Tong , S . 2008 . Does temperature modify short-term effect of ozone on total mortality in 60 large eastern US communities?—an assessment using the NMMAPS data . Environ International. , 34 : 451 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafoggia , M , Schwartz , J , Forastiere , F , Perucci , C A and the SISTI Group . 2008 . Does temperature modify the association between air pollution and mortality? A multicity case-crossover Analysis in Italy . Am J Epidemiol. , 167 : 1476 – 1485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateson , T F and Schwartz , J . 2004 . Who is sensitive to the effects of particulate air pollution on mortality: a case-crossover analysis of effect modifiers . Epidemiology. , 15 : 143 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrett , M , Burnett , R T Brook , J . 2004 . Do socioeconomic characteristics modify the short term association between air pollution and mortality? Evidence from a zonal time series in Hamilton, Canada . J Epidemiol Community Health. , 58 : 31 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsouyanni , K , Touloumi , G Samoli , E . 2001 . Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project . Epidemiology. , 12 : 521 – 531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito , K , De Leon , S F and Lippmann , M . 2005 . Association between ozone and daily mortality—analysis and meta-analysis . Epidemiology. , 16 : 446 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• iHAPSS . “ Internet-based Health & Air Pollution Surveillance System Web site ” . http://www.ihapss.jhsph.edu. Accessed May 2, 2008
   Google Scholar
• Samet , J M , Zeger , S L Dominici , F . 2000 . The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, part II: morbidity and mortality from air pollution in the United States , 5 – 79 . Cambridge , MA : Health Effects Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Insightful Corporation . 2001 . S-Plus 6 for Windows Guide to Statistics , 380 – 434 . Seattle , WA : Insightful Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Ren , C , Williams , G M , Morawska , L , Mengersen , K and Tong , S . 2008 . Ozone modifies associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality: analysis of the NMMAPS data . Occup Environ Med. , 65 : 255 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , C , Williams , M M and Tong , S . 2006 . Does particulate matter modify the association between temperature and cardiorespiratory diseases? . Environ Health Perspect. , 114 : 1690 – 1696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie , T and Tibshiranim , R . 1990 . Generalized additive model , 136 – 173 . New York , NY : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , M J , Dominici , F Samet , J M . 2000 . Estimating particulate matter-mortality dose-response curves and threshold levels: an analysis of daily time-series for the 20 largest US cities . Am J Epidemiol. , 152 : 397 – 406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominici , F , McDermott , A Zeger , S L . 2002 . On the use of generalized additive models in time-series studies of air pollution and health . Am J Epidemiol. , 156 : 193 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , Y , Dominici , F and Bell , M L . 2005 . Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardiorespiratory mortality . Environmetrics. , 16 : 547 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominici , F , McDermott , A and Hastie , T . 2004 . Improved semiparametric time series models of air pollution and mortality . J Am Stat Assoc. , 99 : 938 – 948 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay , T O , Burnet , R T and Krewski , D . 2003 . The effect of concurvity in generalized additive models linking mortality to ambient particulate matter . Epidemiology. , 14 : 18 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullagh , P and Nelder , J A . 1989 . Generalized linear model , 98 – 148 . New York , NY : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Dominici , F , Samet , J M and Zeger , S L . 2000 . Combining evidence on air pollution and daily mortality from the 20 largest US cities: a hierarchical modelling strategy . J R Stat Soc [series A]. , 163 : 263 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman , A , Carlin , J B , Stern , H S and Rubin , D B . 2004 . Bayesian data analysis. 2nd ed , 117 – 156 . New York : Champ and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Spiegelhaltter , D , Thomas , A and Best , N . 2000 . WinBUGS version 1.3 Software . : 1 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , M L , Peng , R D and Dominici , F . 2006 . The exposure-response curve for ozone and risk of mortality and the adequacy of current ozone regulations . Environ Health Perspect. , 114 : 532 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paige , R C and Plopper , C G . 1999 . “ Acute and chronic effects of ozone in animal models ” . In Air Pollution and Health , Edited by: Holgate , S T , Samet , J M , Koren , H S and Maynard , R L . 531 – 558 . London , , UK : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , C J . 2003 . Role of environmental stress in the physiological response to chemical toxicants . Environ Res. , 92 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulmer , H , Kelleher , C Diem , G . 2004 . Estimation of seasonal variations in risk factor profiles and mortality from coronary heart disease . Wien Klin Wochenschr. , 116 : 662 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , K G , Ellis , F T Dore , C . 1976 . Sweat response in the aged . Age Ageing. , 5 : 91 – 101 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kenny , W L and Hodson , J L . 1987 . Heat tolerance, thermoregulateion and ageing . Sports Med. , 4 : 446 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchama , A and Knochel , J P . 2002 . Heat stroke . N Engl J Med. , 346 : 1978 – 1988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , H S . 2006 . Hyperthermia induced brain oedema: current status and future perspectives . Indian J Med Res. , 123 : 629 – 652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folinsbee , L J , Horstman , D H Kehrl , H R . 1994 . Respiratory responses to repeated prolonged exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , 149 : 98 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jörres , R A , Holz , O Zachgo , W . 2000 . The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , 161 : 1855 – 1861 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar