Injury mortality in a cohort of mining, smelting, and refining workers in Ontario

References

• Li GH, Baker SP. A comparison of injury death rates in China and the United States, 1986. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:605–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KB, Humphreys JS, Wilson MGA. Addressing the health disadvantage of rural populations: how does epidemiological evidence inform rural health policies and research? Aust J Rural Health. 2008;16:56–66. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2008.00953.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bains N, Dall K, Hay C, Pacey MA, Sarkella J, Ward M. Population Health Profile—North East LHIN. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care; 2006. http://www.nelhin.on.ca/Page.aspx?id=07F0D509FA634515BF4C4E78C512DA9C.
   Google Scholar
• D'Cunha C. Injury: Predictable and Preventable—2002 Chief Medical Officer of Health Report. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC); 2002.
   Google Scholar
• WSN. Injury and Occupational Disease Trends in the Mining Industry 2000–2013. North Bay, Ontario, Canada: Workplace Safety North; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Ward M. Injuries and Poisonings in Northern Ontario. Sudbury, Ontario, Canada: Northern Ontario Information Partnership; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Spears T. Northern Ontario MDs seek solution to region's huge accidental-death toll. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can. 1996;155:101–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus JF. Fatal and nonfatal injuries in occupational settings: a review. Annu Rev Public Health. 1985;6:403–418. doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.06.050185.002155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockett IRH, Regier MD, Kapusta ND, et al. Leading causes of unintentional and intentional injury mortality: United States, 2000–2009. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:e84–e92. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300960.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donoghue AM. Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview. Occup Med Oxf Engl. 2004;54:283–289. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqh072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon HS, Julian JA, Roberts RS. A mortality study of 11,500 nickel workers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984;73:1251–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts RS, Julian JA, Muir DC, Shannon HS. A study of mortality in workers engaged in the mining, smelting, and refining of nickel. II: Mortality from cancer of the respiratory tract and kidney. Toxicol Ind Health. 1989;5:975–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lightfoot NE, Pacey MA, Darling S. Gold, nickel and copper mining and processing. Chronic Dis Can. 2010;29:101–124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lightfoot N, Berriault C, Semenciw R. Mortality and cancer incidence in a nickel cohort. Occup Med Oxf Engl. 2010;60:211–218. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqp197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fair M. Generalized record linkage system: Statistics Canada's record linkage software. Austrian J Stat. 2004;33:37–53.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg MS, Carpenter M, Thériault G, Fair M. The accuracy of ascertaining vital status in a historical cohort study of synthetic textiles workers using computerized record linkage to the Canadian Mortality Data Base. Can J Public Health Rev Can Santé Publique. 1993;84:201–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Record Linkage Program. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/health/link. Published September 9, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases: Manual of the Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Brasch H. A Miner's Chronicle: Inco Ltd. and the Unions, 1944–1997. Sudbury, Canada: United Steelworkers of America, Local 6500; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs. Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs Mines Inspection Branch Annual Report 1971; 1972. Bulletin 171. Queen's Printer for Ontario, Toronto. p. 102.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez D, Berube M, Xiong W, et al. Identifying targets for potential interventions to reduce rural trauma deaths: a population-based analysis. J Trauma. 2010;69:633–639. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181b8ef81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peek-Asa C, Zwerling C, Stallones L. Acute traumatic injuries in rural populations. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1689–1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groff P, Simpson K. Suicide and self-inflicted injury. Ont Inj Compass. 2005;2:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe BH, Therrien S, Johnson C, Sahai VS, Bota GW. Regional variations of northern health: the epidemic of fatal trauma in northeastern Ontario. Can J Public Health Rev Can Santé Publique. 1995;86:249–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Waterbor JW. Comparison of suicide rates among industrial groups. Am J Ind Med. 1994;25:197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Suicide Risk: recommendation and rationale. 2004;140:820–821.
   Google Scholar
• Sahai VS, Ward MS, Zmijowskyj T, Rowe BH. Quantifying the iceberg effect for injury: using comprehensive community health data. Can J Public Health Rev Can Santé Publique. 2005;96:328–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Unintentional injury deaths (ICD-9 E800-E929 excl. E870-E879), age-standardized rate per 100,000 population and confidence interval(1), by sex, Canada, provinces, territories and health regions, 1996. Health Indicators 82-221-XIE. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-221-x/t/th/4149525-eng.htm. Published December 2000. Accessed October 28, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Groves WA, Kecojevic VJ, Komljenovic D. Analysis of fatalities and injuries involving mining equipment. J Safety Res. 2007;38:461–470. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2007.03.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kecojevic V, Radomsky M. The causes and control of loader- and truck-related fatalities in surface mining operations. Inj Control Saf Promot. 2004;11:239–251. doi:10.1080/156609704/233/289779.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vegso S, Cantley L, Slade M, et al. Extended work hours and risk of acute occupational injury: a case-crossover study of workers in manufacturing. Am J Ind Med. 2007;50:597–603. doi:10.1002/ajim.20486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen S. Have young workers more injuries than older ones? An international literature review. J Safety Res. 2004;35:513–521. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berriault CJ, Lightfoot NE, Demers PA, Arrandale VH. Employment mobility of miners in Ontario, Canada and implications for exposure assessment in studies of chronic respiratory disease and lung cancer. American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts. Denver, Colorado. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:A2590.
   Google Scholar
• Gritziotis G, MHSPR Advisory Group. Mining health, safety and prevention review: final report. Ontario Ministry of Labour. http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/miningreview.php. Published April 15, 2015. Accessed October 28, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Checkoway H, Pearce NE, Kriebel D. Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology. USA: Oxford University Press; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Vysochin VI, Pan'kova AA. [Recommendations for reducing mortality among workers of mining enterprises]. Med Tr Prom Ekol. 1997;(10):24–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karra VK. Analysis of non-fatal and fatal injury rates for mine operator and contractor employees and the influence of work location. J Safety Res. 2005;36:413–421. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2005.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward M. Mental Health in Northern Ontario.pdf. Sudbury, Ontario, Canada: Northern Health Information Partnership; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Labour. Health and safety at work in Ontario. http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/index.php. Published 2015. Accessed October 28, 2016.
   Google Scholar