Lower extremity leg amputation: An advantage in running?

References

• Naschitz , JE and Lenger , R. 2008 . Why traumatic leg amputees are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases . QJM , 101 (4) : 251 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Esquenazi , A and DiGiacomo , R. 2001 . Rehabilitation after amputation . Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association , 91 (1) : 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Vrieling , AH van Keeken , HG . 2008 . Gait termination in lower limb amputees . Gait and Posture , 27 (1) : 82 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Hafner , BJ. 2000 . Energy storage and return prostheses: does patient perception correlate with biomechanical analysis? . Clinical Biomechanics , 17 : 325 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstad , C , Linde , H , Limbeek , J and Postema , K. 2004 . Prescription of prosthetic ankle‐foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation . The Cochrane Library , 17 (4) : 1 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerniecki , JM and Gitter , A. 1992 . Insights into amputee running. A muscle work analysis . American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 71 (4) : 209 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Buckley , JG. 2000 . Biomechanical adaptations of transtibial amputee sprinting in athletes using dedicated prostheses . Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) , 15 (5) : 352 – 358 .
   Google Scholar
• Lechler , K. 2005 . Design improvements of a prosthetic sprint foot . Journal of Proceedings AAOP , : 36
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann , JF . 1993 . Comprehensive analysis of energy storing prosthetic feet: Flex Foot and Seattle Foot versus standard SACH Foot . Archives of Physical Medical and Rehabilitation , 74 (11) : 1225 – 1231 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerniecki , JM , Gitter , A and Munro , C. 1991 . Joint moment and muscle power output characteristics of below knee amputees during running: the influence of energy storing prosthetic feet . Journal of Biomechanics , 24 (1) : 63 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Harland , MJ and Steele , JR. 1997 . Biomechanics of the sprint start . Sports Medicine , 23 (1) : 11 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Usherwood , JR and Wilson , AM. 2006 . Accounting for elite indoor 200 m sprint results . Biology Letters , 2 (1) : 47 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerniecki , JM , Gitter , AJ and Beck , JC. 1996 . Energy transfer mechanisms as a compensatory strategy in below knee amputee runners . Journal of Biomechanics , 29 (6) : 717 – 722 .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , SV and Gullickson , G. 1978 . Energy cost of ambulation in health and disability: a literature review . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 59 : 124 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bart , D , Schuhmacher , L and Thomas , S. 1992 . Gait analysis and energy cost of below‐knee amputees wearing six different prosthetic feet . Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics , 4 (2) : 63 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Gitter , A , Czerniecki , JM and DeGroot , DM. 1991 . Biomechanical analysis of the influence of prosthetic feet on below‐knee amputee walking . American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 70 (3) : 142 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Hsu , MJ . 1999 . Physiological measurements of walking and running in people with transtibial amputations with three different prostheses . Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Physical Therapy , 29 (9) : 526 – 533 .
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen , DH , Shurr , Dg , Golden , JC and Meier , K. 1988 . Comparison of energy cost and gait efficiency during ambulation in below‐knee amputees using different fee‐ a preliminary report . Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics , 1 : 24 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• van der Linde , H , Hofstad , CJ Geurts , AC . 2004 . A systematic literature review of the effect of different prosthetic components on human functioning with a lower‐limb prosthesis . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 41 (4) : 555 – 570 .
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner , R and Botta , P. 1995 . Amputationen der Unteren Extremitat , Enke : Stuttgart .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , DA , Marks , L and Payne , RC . 2008 . A comparative study of the physiological costs of walking in ten bilateral amputees . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 32 (1) : 57 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keolker , TJ. 1990 . Prototype Symes Flex Feet for a bilateral partial foot athlete . Journal of the Association of Child Prosthetic and Orthotic Clinics , 36 : 25
   Google Scholar
• White , H. 2000 . Bilateral kinematic and kinetic data of two prosthetic designs: a case study . Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics , 12 (4) : 120 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Ehara , Y , Beppu , M , Nomura , S , Kunimi , Y and Takahashi , S. 1993 . Energy‐storing property of so‐called energy‐storing prosthetic feet . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 74 : 68 – 72 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter , DA . 1983 . Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and the knee during fest, natural and slow cadence . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 175 : 147 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilja , M , Johansson , S and Oberg , T. 1999 . Relaxed versus activated stump muscles during casting for trans‐tibial prostheses . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 23 : 13 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sonck , WA , Cockrell , JL and Koepke , GH. 1970 . Effect of liner materials on interface pressures in below‐knee prostheses . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 51 : 666 – 669 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silver‐Thorn , MB and Childress , DS . 1996 . Parametric analysis using the finite element method to investigate prosthetic interface stresses for persons with transtibial amputation . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 33 : 227 – 238 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanders , JE , Greve , JM , Mitchell , SB and Zachariah , SG . 1998 . Material properties of commonly‐used interface materials and their static coefficients of friction with skin and socks . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 35 : 161 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristinsson , O. 1993 . The Iceross concept: a discussion of a philosophy . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 17 : 49 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilja , M , Johansson , T and Oberg , T. 1993 . Movement of the tibial end in a PTB prosthesis socket: a sagittal X‐ray study of the PTB prosthesis . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 17 : 21 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy , SW. 1995 . Amputees: skin problems and prostheses . Cutis , 55 : 297 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta , D , Vaidya , SK , Howitt , J and Gopalan , L. 1996 . Outcome of fitting an Iceross prosthesis: views of trans‐tibial amputees . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 20 : 111 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam , TP , Wilson , MT , Urlaub , MJ and Borrell , RM . 1983 . The use of X‐rays and xerograms in prosthetics . Orthotics and Prosthetics , 37 : 32 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Commean , PK , Smith , KE and Vannier , MW. 1997 . Lower extremity residual limb slippage within the prosthesis . Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitations , 78 : 476 – 485 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlsson , J and Lucas , C. 2007 . Movement in trans‐tibial prostheses during a simulated gait cycle with three different suspension techniques . Proceedings of the 12th World Congress of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics . 29 July 29–3 August 2007 . Vancouver, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Ossur hf, Ossur Academy, Ekkersrijt 4112–4114, 5690 AC Son En Breugel, Netherlands E‐mail: [email protected]
   Google Scholar