Validation of the apperception test God representations, an implicit measure to assess God representations. Part 3: associations between implicit and explicit measures of God representations and self-reported level of personality functioning

References

• Andrea, H., Verheul, R., Berghout, C., Dolan, C., Kroft, P., Bateman, A., … Busschbach, J. (2007). Measuring the core components of maladaptive personality: Severity indices of personality problems (SIPP-118) (005). Retrieved from https://repub.eur.nl/pub/10066/
   Google Scholar
• Association, American Psychiatric. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• Bassett, R. L., Miller, S., Anstey, K., & Crafts, K. (1990). Picturing God: A nonverbal measure of God concept for conservative Protestants. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 9(2), 73.
   Google Scholar
• Berghuis, H., Hutsebaut, J., Kaasenbrood, A., De Saeger, H., & Ingenhoven, T. (2013). Semi-structured interview for personality functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5). Utrecht, the Netherlands: Trimbos Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Brokaw, B. F., & Edwards, K. J. (1994). The relationship of God image to level of object relations development. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 22, 352–371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/009164719402200420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caligor, E., Kernberg, O. F., & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Handbook of dynamic psychotherapy for higher level personality pathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Clarkin, J. F., Caligor, E., Stern, B., & Kernberg, O. F. (2004). Structured interview of personality organization (STIPO). Ithaca, NY: Weill Medical College of Cornell University.
   Google Scholar
• Clarkin, J. F., Lenzenweger, M. F., Yeomans, F., Levy, K. N., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007). An object relations model of borderline pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(5), 474–499. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2007.21.5.474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, E. B., Granqvist, P., & Sharp, C. (2018). Theistic relational spirituality: Development, dynamics, health, and transformation. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000219
   Google Scholar
• Davis, E. B., Moriarty, G. L., & Mauch, J. C. (2013). God images and God concepts: Definitions, development, and dynamics. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(1), 51–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, K., Nugter, M. A., Polak, M. G., Wagenborg, J. E., Spinhoven, P., & Heiser, W. J. (2007). The outcome questionnaire (OQ‐45) in a Dutch population: A cross‐cultural validation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 14(4), 288–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurelings‐Bontekoe, E. H., & Luyten, P. (2009). The Relationship between an Orthodox Protestant Upbringing and Current Orthodox Protestant Adherence, DSM‐IV Axis II B Cluster Personality Disorders and Structural Borderline Personality Organization. In P. J. Verhagen, H. M. v. Praag, J. J. Ló pez-Ibor, H. L. Cox, & D. Moussaoui (Eds.), Religion and Psychiatry: Beyond Boundaries (pp. 373-387). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Eurelings-Bontekoe, E. H. M., Hekman-Van Steeg, J., & Verschuur, M. J. (2005). The association between personality, attachment, psychological distress, church denomination and the God concept among a non-clinical sample. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8(2), 141–154. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670412331304320
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, N. J. (2008). Chapter 11. Measurement issues in God image research and practice. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 9(3–4), 227–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J515v09n03_11
   Google Scholar
• Granqvist, P. (1998). Religiousness and perceived childhood attachment: On the question of compensation or correspondence. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 350–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1387533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granqvist, P., Ivarsson, T., Broberg, A. G., & Hagekull, B. (2007). Examining relations among attachment, religiosity, and new age spirituality using the adult attachment interview. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 590–601. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, T. W., & Fujikawa, A. M. (2013). God image and the sacred. In K. I. Pargament, J. J. Exline, & J. W. Jones (Eds.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol 1): Context, theory, and research (pp. 277–292). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, T. W., & Edwards, K. J. (1996). The initial development and factor analysis of the spiritual assessment inventory. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 24, 233–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/009164719602400305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, T. W., & Edwards, K. J. (2002). The spiritual assessment inventory: A theistic model and measure for assessing spiritual development. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(2), 341–357. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, T. W., Fujikawa, A., Halcrow, S. R., Hill, P. C., & Delaney, H. (2009). Attachment to God and implicit spirituality: Clarifying correspondence and compensation models. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 37(4), 227–242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/009164710903700401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse, E. (2016). Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications (Vol. 3, pp. 553-597). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, W., Rauch, W., & Gawronski, B. (2007). And deplete us not into temptation: Automatic attitudes, dietary restraint, and self-regulatory resources as determinants of eating behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 497–504. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huprich, S. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2003). Advances in the assessment of object relations in the 1990s. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(5), 665–698. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00072-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, J. W. (2008). Chapter 3. Psychodynamic Theories of the Evolution of the God Image. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 9(3–4), 33–55.
   Google Scholar
• Jong, J., Zahl, B. P., & Sharp, C. A. (2017). Indirect and implicit measures of religiosity. In R. Finke & C. D. Bader (Eds.), Faithful Measures: New Methods in the Measurement of Religion (pp. 78-107). New York, NY: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jonker, E. (2007). The personal and normative image of God: The role of religious culture and mental health. Archiv Für Religionspsychologie, 29(1), 305–318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/008467207X188883
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(9), 961–973. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167298249004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Attachment theory and religion: Childhood attachments, religious beliefs and conversion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(3), 315–334. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1386461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1992). An attachment-theoretical approach to romantic love and religious belief. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), 266–275. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292183002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livesley, J. (2013). The DSM-5 personality disorder proposal and future directions in the diagnostic classification of personality disorder. Psychopathology, 46(4), 207–216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000348866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murken, S. (1998). Gottesbeziehung und psychische Gesundheit. Die Entwicklung eines Modells und seine empirische Überprüfung. New York, NY: Waxmann.
   Google Scholar
• Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic apperception test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, T., Tisdale, T. C., Davis, E. B., Park, E. A., Nam, J., Moriarty, G. L., … Hays, L. W. (2016). God image narrative therapy: A mixed-methods investigation of a controlled group-based spiritual intervention. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 3(2), 77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, S. H., Poulsen, S., & Lunn, S. (2014). Affect regulation: Holding, containing and mirroring. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 95(5), 843–864. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-8315.12205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzuto, A.-M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roisman, G. I., Holland, A., Fortuna, K., Fraley, R. C., Clausell, E., & Clarke, A. (2007). The adult attachment interview and self-reports of attachment style: An empirical rapprochement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), 678. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saur, M. S., & Saur, W. G. (1993). Transitional phenomena as evidenced in prayer. Journal of Religion and Health, 32(1), 55–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap-Jonker, H., & Eurelings-Bontekoe, E. (2009). Handleiding Vragenlijst Godsbeeld. Versie 2. Self-Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.hannekeschaap.nl/media/Handleiding_VGB_(versie%202).pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schaap-Jonker, H, Eurelings-Bontekoe, E, Verhagen, P. J, & Zock, H. (2002). Image of god and personality pathology: an exploratory study among psychiatric patients. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 5(1), 55-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674670110112712
   Google Scholar
• Schaap-Jonker, H., van der Velde, N., Eurelings-Bontekoe, E. H., & Corveleyn, J. M. (2017). Types of God representations and mental health: A person-oriented approach. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 27(4), 199–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2017.1382119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp, C. A., Davis, E. B., George, K., Cuthbert, A. D., Zahl, B. P., Davis, D. E., … Aten, J. D. (2019). Measures of God representations: Theoretical framework and critical review. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Advance Online Publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000257
   Google Scholar
• Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment & Human Development, 4(2), 133–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87(2), 245. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, B. L., Caligor, E., Clarkin, J. F., Critchfield, K. L., Horz, S., MacCornack, V., … Kernberg, O. F. (2010). structured interview of personality organization (STIPO): Preliminary psychometrics in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(1), 35–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903379308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stulp, H., Koelen, J., Glas, G., & Eurelings-Bontekoe, L. (2018). Construction and validation of an implicit instrument to assess God representations. Part 1: Associations between implicit and explicit God representation and distress measures. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2018.1489750
   Google Scholar
• Stulp, H., Koelen, J., Schep-Akkerman, A., Glas, G., & Eurelings-Bontekoe, L. (2019). God representations and aspects of psychological functioning: A meta-analysis. Cogent Psychology, 6(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1647926
   Google Scholar
• Stulp, H., Glas, G., & Eurelings-Bontekoe, L. (2019). Validation of an implicit instrument to assess God representations. Part 2: Associations between implicit and explicit measures of God representations and object-relational functioning. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2019.1569490.
   Google Scholar
• Verhagen, P. J., & Schreurs, A. (2018). Spiritual life and relational functioning: A model and a dialogue. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 1(aop), 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Verheul, R., Andrea, H., Berghout, C. C., Dolan, C., Busschbach, J. J., van der Kroft, P. J., … Fonagy, P. (2008). Severity indices of personality problems (SIPP-118): Development, factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 20(1), 23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.20.1.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermote, R., Luyten, P., Verhaest, Y., Vandeneede, B., Vertommen, H., & Lowyck, B. (2015). A psychoanalytically informed hospitalization‐based treatment of personality disorders. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 96(3), 817–843. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-8315.12394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westen, D. (1985). Social cognition and object relations scale (SCORS): Manual for coding TAT data. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Department of Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. London, England: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zahl, B. P., & Gibson, N. J. S. (2012). God representations, attachment to God, and satisfaction with life: A comparison of doctrinal and experiential representations of God in Christian young adults. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 22(3), 216–230. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2012.670027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar