729
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

A tool for sexual minority mental health research: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a depressive symptom severity measure for sexual minority women in Viet Nam

(PhD, MHS, MS) , (PhD, MS) , (PhD, MPH) , (PhD, MPH) , (PhD, MPH, MD) & (ScD, MPH)
Pages 173-191 | Received 16 Dec 2014, Accepted 03 Aug 2015, Published online: 01 Feb 2016

References

  • Adewuya, A. O., Ola, B. A., & Afolabi, O. O. ( 2006). Validity of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 96(1–2), 89–93.
  • Breidablik, H. J., Meland, E., & Lydersen, S. ( 2009). Self-rated health during adolescence: Stability and predictors of change (Young-HUNT study, Norway). European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 73–78.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. ( 1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258.
  • Cameron, I. M., Crawford, J. R., Lawton, K., & Reid, I. C. ( 2008). Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 58(546), 32–36.
  • Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. ( 2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: a test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 524–531.
  • Chen, T. M., Huang, F. Y., Chang, C., & Chung, H. ( 2006). Using the PHQ-9 for depression screening and treatment monitoring for Chinese Americans in primary care. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 57(7), 976–981.
  • Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. ( 1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786.
  • Cronbach, L. J. ( 1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
  • Dahl, A., & Galliher, R. ( 2010). Sexual minority young adult religiosity, sexual orientation conflict, self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 14(4), 271–290.
  • De Jonge, P., Mangano, D., & Whooley, M. A. ( 2007). Differential association of cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms with heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(8), 735–739.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. ( 1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
  • Do, H. M. ( 2011). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in the north of Vietnam: A multi-method approach (Doctoral dissertation). Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  • Do, Q. D., & Tasanapradit, P. ( 2008). Depression and stress among the first year medical students in University of Medicine and Pharmacy, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam. Journal of Health Research, 22(suppl), 1–4.
  • Elhai, J. D., Contractor, A. A, Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Prescott, M. R., Shirley, E., & Calabrese, J. R. ( 2012). The factor structure of major depression symptoms: a test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Psychiatry Research, 199(3), 169–173.
  • Esler, D., Johnston, F., Thomas, D., & Davis, B. ( 2008). The validity of a depression screening tool modified for use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32(4), 317–321.
  • Esposito, C. A., Steel, Z., Gioi, T. M., Huyen, T. T. N., & Tarantola, D. ( 2009). The prevalence of depression among men living with HIV infection in Vietnam. American Journal of Public Health, 99(Suppl 2), S439–444.
  • Giang, K. B. ( 2006). The Vietnamese version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) in detecting mental disorders in rural Vietnam: A validation study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(2), 175–184.
  • Gilbody, S., Richards, D., & Barkham, M. ( 2007). Diagnosing depression in primary care using self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ–9 and CORE–OM. British Journal of General Practice, 57, 650–652.
  • Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. ( 1988). A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. NFER-Nelson, Windsor. Windsor: NFER-Nelson. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q = related:TQ7O72p22AoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl = en&as_sdt = 0,9#0
  • Ha, H., Risser, J. M. H., Ross, M. W., Huynh, N. T., & Nguyen, H. T. M. ( 2015). Homosexuality-related stigma and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 349–356.
  • Han, B. ( 2002). Depressive symptoms and self-rated health in community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 50, 1549–1556.
  • Han, B., & Jylha, M. ( 2006). Improvement in depressive symptoms and changes in self-rated health among community-dwelling disabled older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 10(6), 599–605.
  • Han, C., Jo, S. A., Kwak, J.-H., Pae, C.-U., Steffens, D., Jo, I., & Park, M. H. ( 2008). Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version in the elderly population: The Ansan geriatric study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(2), 218–223.
  • Hepner, K. A, Hunter, S. B., Edelen, M. O., Zhou, A. J., & Watkins, K. ( 2009). A comparison of two depressive symptomatology measures in residential substance abuse treatment clients. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37(3), 318–325.
  • Hides, L., Lubman, D. I., Devlin, H., Cotton, S., Aitken, C., Gibbie, T., & Hellard, M. ( 2007). Reliability and validity of the Kessler 10 and Patient Health Questionnaire among injecting drug users. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(2), 166–168.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. ( 1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
  • Huang, F. Y., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K. L., & Spitzer, R. L. ( 2006). Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to Measure Depression among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Primary Care Patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 547–552.
  • Huong, N. T., Tien, T. Q., Chi, H. K., Quynh Anh, N., & Phuong, N. H. ( 2010). Some mental health problems and influential factors of secondary school students in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of Science, Hue University, 61, 215–224.
  • Institute for Studies of Society Economy and Environment, & Academy of Journalism and Communication. ( 2010). Sending the wrong message: The portrayal of homosexuality in the Vietnamese printed and online press. Ha Noi, Viet Nam: Thế Giới Publishers. Retrieved from http://www.isee.org.vn/Content/Home/Library/lgbt/sending-the-wrong-messages-the-portrayal-of-homosexuality-in-the-vietnamese-printed-and-online-press.pdf
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. ( 1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Kalpakjian, C. Z., Toussaint, L. L., Albright, K. J., Bombardier, C. H., Krause, J. K., & Tate, D. G. ( 2009). Patient health Questionnaire-9 in spinal cord injury: An examination of factor structure as related to gender. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(2), 147–156.
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. ( 2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70.
  • Kinzie, J. D., Manson, S. M., Vinh, D. T., ToLan, N. T., Anh, B., & Pho, T. N. ( 1982). Development and validation of a Vietnamese-language depression rating scale. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(10), 1276–1281.
  • Krause, J. S., Bombardier, C., & Carter, R. E. ( 2008). Assessment of depressive symptoms during inpatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury: Is there an underlying somatic factor when using the PHQ? Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(4), 513–520.
  • Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. ( 2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 1–7.
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. ( 2010). The Patient Health Questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32(4), 345–359.
  • Le, G. M., Vu, V. D., & Bui, H. T.-M. ( 2012). Sexual health and men who have sex with men in Vietnam: An integrated approach to preventive health care. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 796192.
  • Lenze, E. J., Miller, M. D., Dew, M. A, Martire, L. M., Mulsant, B. H., Begley, A. E., & Reynolds, C. F. ( 2001). Subjective health measures and acute treatment outcomes in geriatric depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 1149–1155.
  • Lotrakul, M., Sumrithe, S., & Saipanish, R. ( 2008). Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the PHQ-9. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 46.
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. ( 1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149.
  • Marshal, M. P., Dietz, L. J., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R. D., Smith, H. A., McGinley, J., & Brent, D. A. ( 2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2), 115–123.
  • Martin, A., Rief, W., Klaiberg, A., & Braehler, E. ( 2006). Validity of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9) in the general population. General Hospital Psychiatry, 28(1), 71–77.
  • Meyer, I. H. ( 2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697.
  • Milette, K., Hudson, M., Baron, M., & Thombs, B. D. ( 2010). Comparison of the PHQ-9 and CES-D depression scales in systemic sclerosis: internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and clinical correlates. Rheumatology, 49(4), 789–796.
  • Monahan, P. O., Shacham, E., Reece, M., Kroenke, K., Ong'or, W. O., Omollo, O., & Ojwang, C. ( 2009). Validity/reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 depression scales among adults living with HIV/AIDS in western Kenya. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(2), 189–197.
  • Nguyen, H. T., Le, V. A., & Dunne, M. ( 2007). Giá trị và độ tin cậy của hai thang đo trầm cảm và lo âu sử dụng trong nghiên cứu cộng đồng đối với đối tượng vị thành niên [Validity and reliability of two depression and anxiety scales for use in community research with adolescents]. Tạp Chí Y Tế Công Cộng, 7(7), 25–31.
  • Nguyen, N.-L. D., Hunt, D. D., & Scott, C. S. ( 2005). Screening for depression in a primary care setting in Vietnam. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(2), 144–147.
  • Nguyen, T. Đ., & Le, L. C. ( 2010). Giá trị, độ tin cậy của thang đo trầm cảm của vị thành niên và thanh niên và một số yếu tố liên quan tại huyện Chí Linh, Hải Dương năm 2006 [Validity and reliability of a depression scale for adolescents and correlates in Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province in 2006]. Tạp Chí Y Tế Công Cộng, 16(16), 33–41.
  • Nguyen, T. Q. ( 2014). Tóm tắt kết quả khảo sát nữ yêu nữ 2012 về sự đối xử tiêu cực của gia đình đối với người nữ yêu nữ và người chuyển giới và mối liên hệ với sức khỏe tâm trí, và câu hỏi đặt ra về vai trò tiềm năng của bác sĩ [Summary of findings from the 2012 Women Who Love Women Survey about negative family treatment of women who love women and of transmen, and its associations with mental health; and a question about potential roles of the physician]. Presentation at the Mental Health Risks of Sexual and Gender Minority Populations Workshop, Institute for Studies of Society, Economy and Environment, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
  • Nguyen, T. Q., Bandeen-Roche, K., Masyn, K. E., German, D., Nguyen, Y. H., Vu, L. K.-C., & Knowlton, A. R. ( 2015). Negative family treatment of sexual minority women and transmen in Vietnam: Latent classes and their predictors. Journal of GLBT Family Studies 11(3), 205–228. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2014.964443
  • Nguyen, T. Q., Nguyen, N. T. T., Le, T. N. T., & Le, B. Q. ( 2010). Sống trong một xã hội dị tính: Câu chuyện từ 40 người nữ yêu nữ: Quan hệ với cha mẹ [Living in a heterosexual society: Stories from 40 women who love women: Relationships with parents]. Ha Noi, Viet Nam: Institute for Studies of Society, Economy and Environment. Retrieved from http://www.isee.org.vn/Content/Home/Library/lgbt/song-trong-mot-xa-hoi-di-tinh-cau-chuyen-tu-40-nguoi-nu-yeu-nu-quan-he-voi-cha-me.pdf
  • Olsen, L. R., Jensen, D. V., Noerholm, V., Martiny, K., & Bech, P. ( 2003). The internal and external validity of the Major Depression Inventory in measuring severity of depressive states. Psychological Medicine, 33(2), 351–356.
  • Omoro, S. A. O., Fann, J. R., Weymuller, E. A., Macharia, I. M., & Yueh, B. ( 2006). Swahili translation and validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression scale in the Kenyan head and neck cancer patient population. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 36(3), 367–381.
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. ( 2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152.
  • Phan, T., Steel, Z., & Silove, D. ( 2004). An ethnographically derived measure of anxiety, depression and somatization: The Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41(2), 200–232.
  • Radloff, L. S. ( 1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.
  • Richardson, E. J., & Richards, J. S. ( 2008). Factor structure of the PHQ-9 screen for depression across time since injury among persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(2), 243–249.
  • Rodin, J., & McAvay, G. ( 1992). Determinants of change in perceived health in a longitudinal study of older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 47(6), P373–384.
  • Rosenberg, M. ( 1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Sartorius, N., Ustün, T. B., Lecrubier, Y., & Wittchen, H. U. ( 1996). Depression comorbid with anxiety: results from the WHO study on psychological disorders in primary health care. The British Journal of Psychiatry Supplement, 30, 38–43.
  • Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. ( 2004). Personality and life satisfaction: A facet-level analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1062–1075.
  • Schoevers, R. A., Deeg, D. J. H., van Tilburg, W., & Beekman, A. T. F. ( 2005). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Co-occurrence and longitudinal patterns in elderly patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(1), 31–39.
  • Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., Zenk, S. N., Parker, E. A., Lichtenstein, R., Shellman-Weir, S., & Klem, a. B. L. ( 2006). Psychosocial stress and social support as mediators of relationships between income, length of residence and depressive symptoms among African American women on Detroit's eastside. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 510–522.
  • Shamir, B. ( 1986). Self-esteem and the psychological impact of unemployment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49(1), 61.
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., & Williams, J. B. W. ( 1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. JAMA, 282(18), 1737–1744.
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. ( 2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097.
  • Stafford, L., Berk, M., & Jackson, H. J. ( 2007). Validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and patient health questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. General Hospital Psychiatry, 29(5), 417–424.
  • Thoits, P. A. ( 1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(Extra Issue), 53–79.
  • Tran, H. T.-T., Tran, N. T., Jiang, G.-X., Leenaars, A., & Wasserman, D. ( 2006). Life time suicidal thoughts in an urban community in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 6, 76.
  • Tran, T. D., Tran, T., & Fisher, J. ( 2012). Validation of three psychometric instruments for screening for perinatal common mental disorders in men in the north of Vietnam. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(1–2), 104–109.
  • Tran, T. D., Tran, T., & Fisher, J. ( 2013). Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) 21 as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety in a rural community-based cohort of northern Vietnamese women. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 24.
  • Tran, T. D., Tran, T., La, B., Lee, D., Rosenthal, D., & Fisher, J. ( 2011). Screening for perinatal common mental disorders in women in the north of Vietnam: a comparison of three psychometric instruments. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(1–2), 281–293.
  • Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C. M., Pelletier, L. G., & Vallerand, R. J. ( 2006). A dual route in explaining health outcomes in natural disaster. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1502–1522.
  • Tuan, T., Harpham, T., & Huong, N. ( 2004). Validity and reliability of the self-reporting questionnaire 20 items in Vietnam. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 14(3), 15–18.
  • Vuong, D. A., Van Ginneken, E., Morris, J., Ha, S. T., & Busse, R. ( 2011). Mental health in Vietnam: Burden of disease and availability of services. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 4(1), 65–70.
  • Wade, T. J., Pevalin, D. J., & Vingilis, E. ( 2000). Revisiting student self-rated physical health. Journal of Adolescence, 23(6), 785–791.
  • Williams, R. T., Heinemann, A. W., Bode, R. K., Wilson, C. S., Fann, J. R., & Tate, D. G. ( 2009). Improving measurement properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 with rating scale analysis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54(2), 198–203.
  • World Health Organization. ( 1994). A user's guide to the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization, & Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. ( 2014). Social determinants and mental health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.stress-burnout.ch/Flyer_Buch_2012.pdf
  • Wulsin, L., Somoza, E., & Heck, J. ( 2002). The feasibility of using the Spanish PHQ-9 to screen for depression in primary care in Honduras. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4(5), 191–195.
  • Xuân-Hoàng. ( 2008). Trào lưu teen cắt tay hành xác [The trend of arm-cutting among teens]. Ngôi Sao. Retrieved from http://ngoisao.net/tin-tuc/24h/2008/05/trao-luu-teen-cat-tay-hanh-xac-97561/
  • Yeung, A., Fung, F., Yu, S.-C., Vorono, S., Ly, M., Wu, S., & Fava, M. ( 2008). Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression screening among Chinese Americans. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(2), 211–217.
  • Yu, X., Tam, W. W. S., Wong, P. T. K., Lam, T. H., & Stewart, S. M. ( 2012). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), 95–102.
  • Zung, W. W. ( 1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12(6), 371–379.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.