References
- Balsam, K. F., Molina, Y., Beadnell, B., Simoni, J., & Walters, K. (2011). Measuring multiple minority stress: The LGBT people of color microaggressions scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023244
- Burnett-Zeigler, I. E., Bohnert, K. M., & Ilgen, M. (2012). Ethnic identity, acculturation, and the prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders among Black, Hispanic, and Asian American adults in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/e658122012-001
- Cabaj, R. P., & Stein, T. S. (1996). Textbook of homosexuality and mental health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
- Cain, P. A. (1993). Litigating for lesbian and gay rights: A legal history. Virginia Law Review, 79(7), 1551. https://doi.org/10.2307/1073382
- Center for New Media and Promotions (C2PO). (2009). US census bureau 2010 census. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/2010census/
- Coleman, E. (1982). Developmental stages of the coming out process. Journal of Homosexuality, 7(2–3), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1300/j082v07n02_06
- Dang, A., & Frazer, S. (2004). Black same-sex households in the United States: A report from the 2000 Census. The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute and National Black Justice Coalition, Washington, DC.
- David, S., & Knight, B. G. (2008). Stress and coping among gay men: Age and ethnic differences. Psychology and Aging, 23(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.62
- Engelhardt, H. (2007). Bad blood: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment. BioSocieties, 2(2), 275–276. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1745855207225529
- Espinoza, R. (2016). Protecting and ensuring the well-being of LGBT older adults: A policy roadmap. Journal of the American Society on Aging, 40(2), 87–93.
- Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H.-J., Emlet, C. A., Muraco, A., Eroseva, E. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., & Petry, H. (2011). The aging and health report: Disparities and resilience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Seattle, WA: Institute for Multigenerational Health.
- Funders for Lesbian and Gay Issues. (2005). Out for change: Racial and economic justice issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities. New York, NY: Funders for Lesbian and Gay Issues.
- Gardner, A. T., de Vries, B., & Mockus, D. S. (2014). Aging out in the desert: Disclosure, acceptance, and service use among midlife and older lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.835240
- Gassen, N. C., Chrousos, G. P., Binder, E. B., & Zannas, A. S. (2017). Life stress, glucocorticoid signaling, and the aging epigenome: Implications for aging-related diseases. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 74, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.003
- Harper, G. W., Jernewall, N., & Zea, M. C. (2004). Giving voice to emerging science and theory for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.187
- Hill, M. J. (2013). Is the Black community more homophobic? Reflections on the intersectionality of race, class, gender, culture and religiosity of the perception of homophobia in the Black community. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 17(2), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2013.768089
- Jackson, N. C., Johnson, M. J., & Roberts, R. (2008). The potential impact of discrimination fears of older gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender individuals living in small- to moderate-sized cities on long-term health care. Journal of Homosexuality, 54(3), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918360801982298
- Kim, H., Jen, S., & Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2017). Race/ethnicity and health-related quality of life among LGBT older adults. The Gerontologist, 57(Suppl 1), S30–S39. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw172
- Kim, H.-J., & Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2016). Disparities in mental health quality of life between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White LGB midlife and older adults and the influence of lifetime discrimination, social connectedness, socioeconomic status, and perceived stress. Research on Aging, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027516650003
- King, M., & Nazareth, I. (2006). The health of people classified as lesbian, gay and bisexual attending family practitioners in London: A controlled study. BMC Public Health, 6(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-127
- LGBT Aging Center. (2010). LGBT older adults in long-term care facilities: Stories from the field. Washington, DC: LGBT Aging Center. Retrieved from http://www.lgbtagingcenter.org/resources/resource.cfm?r=54
- LGBT Mental Health Syllabus. (n.d.). The history of psychiatry & homosexuality. Retrieved from http://www.aglp.org/gap/1_history/
- Lindaugh, S. T. (2007). Sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(26), 2732–2733. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc072743
- MetLife Mature Market Institute. (2006). Out and aging: The MetLife study of lesbian and gay baby boomers. Westport, CT: Author.
- Muzacz, A., & Akinsulure-Smith, A. (2013). Older adults and sexuality: Implications for counseling ethnic and sexual minority clients. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 35(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.35.1.534385v3r0876235
- National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Institute. (2010). Outing age: Public policy issues affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender elders. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Institute Retrieved: http://www.thetaskforce.org/static_html/downloads/reports/reports/outingage_final.pdf
- Radosh, A., & Simkin, L. (2016). Acknowledging sexual bereavement: A path out of disenfranchised grief. Reproductive Health Matters, 24(48), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.005
- Ramirez-Valles, J., Dirkes, J., & Barrett, H. A. (2014). GayBy boomers' social support: Exploring the connection between health and emotional and instrumental support in older gay men. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 57(2–4), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2013.843225
- Rhee, N. (2012). Black and Latino retirement (in)security. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education.
- Stein, G., Beckerman, Nancy L., & Sherman, Patricia A. (2010). Lesbian and gay elders and long-term care: Identifying the unique psychosocial perspectives and challenges. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(5), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2010.496478
- Teunis, N. (2007). Sexual objectification and the construction of whiteness in the gay male community. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 9(3), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050601035597
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging. (2015). A profile of older Americans: 2015. Retrieved from https://aoa.acl.gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2015/docs/2015-Profile.pdf.
- United States Senate. (1950) Employment of homosexuals and other sex perverts in government. Interim Report by the Subcommitee for Committee on Expenditure in the Exec. Depts., S. Doc. 241, 81st Cong., 2d Sess. 1
- Wight, R. G., Harig, F., Aneshensel, C. S., & Detels, R. (2015). Depressive symptom trajectories, aging-related stress, and sexual minority stress among midlife and older gay men: Linking past and present. Research on Aging, 38(4), 427–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027515590423
- Woody, I. (2013). Aging out: A qualitative exploration of ageism and heterosexism among aging African American lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(1), 145–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.835603
- Woody, I. (2015). Lift every voice: Voices of African-American lesbian elders. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 19(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2015.972755