Providing supportive transgender mental health care: A systemized narrative review of patient experiences, preferences, and outcomes

References

• Acosta, W., Qayyum, Z., Turban, J. L., & van Schalkwyk, G. I. (2019). Identify, Engage, Understand: Supporting Transgender Youth in an Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital. Psychiatric Quarterly, 18, 18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09653-0
   Google Scholar
• Adelson, S. L. (2012). Practice parameter on gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation, gender nonconformity, and gender discordance in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(9), 957–974. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Applegarth, G., & Nuttall, J. (2016). The lived experience of transgender people of talking therapies. International Journal of Transgenderism, 17(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1149540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (3rd ed). American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed). American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2018). Position statement on discrimination against transgender and gender diverse individuals. https://www.psychiatry.org/home/policy-finder
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2008). Transgender, gender identity, and transgender, gender identity, and gender expression non-discrimination. https://www.apa.org/about/policy/transgender.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. American Psychologist, 70(9), 832–864. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2018). Defining transgender terms. Monitor on Psychology, 49(8), 32. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/09/ce-corner-glossary
   Google Scholar
• Austin, A., Craig, S. L., & Alessi, E. J. (2017). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with transgender and gender nonconforming adults. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 40(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, A., Craig, S. L., & D'Souza, S. A. (2018). An AFFIRMative cognitive behavioral intervention for transgender youth: Preliminary effectiveness. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 49(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, A., & Goodman, R. (2018). Perceptions of transition-related health and mental health services among transgender adults. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 30(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2017.1408515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baethge, C., Goldbeck-Wood, S., & Mertens, S. (2019). SANRA—A scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 4(1), 5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker, K. E. (2019). Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system on health-related quality of life among US Transgender adults, 2014–2017. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(8), 1141–1144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, H. (1966). The transsexual phenomenon. Julian Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benotsch, E. G., Zimmerman, R., Cathers, L., McNulty, S., Pierce, J., Heck, T., Perrin, P. B., & Snipes, D. (2013). Non-medical use of prescription drugs, polysubstance use, and mental health in transgender adults. Drug Alcohol Depend, 132(1-2), 391–394. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, K. E. (2013). Seeking support: Transgender client experiences with mental health services. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 25(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08952833.2013.755081
   Google Scholar
• Bess, J. A., & Stabb, S. D. (2009). The experiences of transgendered persons in psychotherapy: Voices and recommendations. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31(3), 264–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.31.3.f62415468l133w50
   Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J. R., Brown, G. R., Shipherd, J. C., Kauth, M., Piegari, R. I., & Bossarte, R. M. (2013). Prevalence of gender identity disorder and suicide risk among transgender veterans utilizing veterans health administration care. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), e27–e32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockting, W., Robinson, B., Benner, A., & Scheltema, K. (2004). Patient Satisfaction with Transgender Health Services. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 30(4), 277–294. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230490422467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockting, W. O., Knudson, G., & Goldberg, J. M. (2006). Counseling and mental health care for transgender adults and loved ones. International Journal of Transgenderism, 9(3–4), 35–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J485v09n03_03
   Google Scholar
• Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Romine, R. E. S., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 943–951. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouman, W. P., Claes, L., Brewin, N., Crawford, J. R., Millet, N., Fernandez-Aranda, F., & Arcelus, J. (2017). Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs, P. C., Hayes, S., & Changaris, M. (2018). Somatic experiencing® informed therapeutic group for the care and treatment of biopsychosocial effects upon a gender diverse identity. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnes, T. R., Singh, A. A., Harper, A. J., Harper, B., Maxon-Kann, W., Pickering, D. L., Moundas, S., Scofield, T., Maxon, W., Harper, B., Roan, A., & Hosea, J. (2010). American Counseling Association: Competencies for counseling with transgender clients. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 4(3-4), 135–159.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll-Beight, D., & Larsson, M. (2018). Exploring the needs, expectations, and realities of mental healthcare for transgender adults: A grounded theory study on experiences in Sweden. Transgender Health, 3(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2017.0033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coleman, E., Bockting, W., Botzer, M., Cohen-Kettenis, P., DeCuypere, G., Feldman, J., Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W. J., Monstrey, S., Adler, R. K., Brown, G. R., Devor, A. H., Ehrbar, R., Ettner, R., Eyler, E., Garofalo, R., Karasic, D. H., … Zucker, K. (2012). Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7. International Journal of Transgenderism, 13(4), 165–232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.700873
   Google Scholar
• Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., & Katz, M. (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3), 53–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v51n03_04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conlin, S. E., Douglass, R. P., Larson-Konar, D. M., Gluck, M. S., Fiume, C., & Heesacker, M. (2019). Exploring nonbinary gender identities: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 13(2), 114–133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2019.1597818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corliss, H. L., Belzer, M., Forbes, C., & Wilson, E. C. (2007). An evaluation of service utilization among male to female transgender youth: Qualitative study of a clinic-based sample. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J463v03n02_06
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidson, S., Morrison, A., Skagerberg, E., Russell, I., & Hames, A. (2019). A therapeutic group for young people with diverse gender identifications. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(2), 241–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518800165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, A., Bouman, W. P., Richards, C., Barrett, J., Ahmad, S., Baker, K., Lenihan, P., Lorimer, S., Murjan, S., Mepham, N., Robbins-Cherry, S., Seal, L. J., & Stradins, L. (2013). Patient satisfaction with gender identity clinic services in the United Kingdom. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 28(4), 400–418. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2013.834321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, R. D., & Davies, M. E. (2020). The (slow) depathologizing of gender incongruence. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 208(2), 152–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pedro, K. T., & Shim-Pelayo, H. (2018). Prevalence of substance use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth in military families: Findings from the California Healthy Kids Survey. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(8), 1372–1376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1409241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemer, E. W., Grant, J. D., Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Patterson, D. A., & Duncan, A. E. (2015). Gender identity, sexual orientation, and eating-related pathology in a national sample of college students. The Journal of Adolescent Health : official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 57(2), 144–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drescher, J. (2010). Queer diagnoses: parallels and contrasts in the history of homosexuality, gender variance, and the diagnostic and statistical manual. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 427–460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drescher, J., Cohen-Kettenis, P., & Winter, S. (2012). Minding the body: Situating gender identity diagnoses in the ICD-11. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 24(6), 568–577. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.741575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, M. E., Henkel, K. E., & Earnshaw, V. A. (2016). Transgender clients' experiences of eating disorder treatment. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 10(3), 136–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2016.1177806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, A. B. (2016). Experiences of older transgender and gender nonconforming adults in psychotherapy: A qualitative study. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(2), 180–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000154
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, S. J., Bailey, L., & McNeil, J. (2015). Trans people's experiences of mental health and gender identity services: A UK study. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2014.960990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Empson, S., Cuca, Y. P., Cocohoba, J., Dawson-Rose, C., Davis, K., & Machtinger, E. L. (2017). Seeking safety group therapy for co-occurring substance use disorder and PTSD among transgender women living with HIV: A pilot study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(4), 344–351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1320733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erasmus, J., Bagga, H., & Harte, F. (2015). Assessing patient satisfaction with a multidisciplinary gender dysphoria clinic in Melbourne. Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 23(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856214566829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fassinger, R. E., & Arseneau, J. R. (2007). I'd rather get wet than be under that umbrella": Differentiating the experiences and identities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez, & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (pp. 19–49). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/11482-001
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari, R. (2015). Writing narrative style literature reviews. Medical Writing, 24(4), 230–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
   Google Scholar
• Filice, E., & Meyer, S. B. (2018). Patterns, predictors, and outcomes of mental health service utilization among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A scoping review. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 22(2), 162–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2017.1418468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Cook-Daniels, L., Kim, H.-J., Erosheva, E. A., Emlet, C. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., & Muraco, A. (2014). Physical and mental health of transgender older adults: An at-risk and underserved population. The Gerontologist, 54(3), 488–500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, A. E., Kuvalanka, K. A., Budge, S. L., Benz, M. B., & Smith, J. Z. (2019). Health care experiences of transgender binary and nonbinary university students. The Counseling Psychologist, 47(1), 59–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000019827568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. F., & DeLaney, M. J. (2019). A trauma-informed exploration of the mental health and community support experiences of transgender and gender-expansive adults. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1696104
   Google Scholar
• Harzing, A. W. (2007). Publish or Perish. http://www.harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish
   Google Scholar
• Hepp, U., Kraemer, B., Schnyder, U., Miller, N., & Delsignore, A. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(3), 259–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, F., & Mussap, A. J. (2017). Transgender mental health in Australia: Satisfaction with practitioners and the standards of care. Australian Psychologist, 52(3), 209–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, K. J., Iantaffi, A., Swinburne-Romine, R., & Bockting, W. (2014). A comparison of mental health, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors between rural and non-rural transgender persons. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(8), 1117–1130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.872502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, J. (2014). An initial study of transgender people's experiences of seeking and receiving counselling or psychotherapy in the UK. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 14(4), 288–296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14733145.2013.838597
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17226/13128
   Google Scholar
• Israel, T., Gorcheva, R., Burnes, T. R., & Walther, W. A. (2008). Helpful and unhelpful therapy experiences of LGBT clients. Psychotherapy Research: Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 18(3), 294–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300701506920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, S. E., Herman, J., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., (2015). and., & Anafi, M. U.S. Transgender Survey (USTS). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. 2019-05-22.
   Google Scholar
• JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (2017). Aromataris, E., & Munn, Z. (Eds.), Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual, Appendix 2.1. https://reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org/
   Google Scholar
• Karasic, D. H., & Fraser, L. (2018). Multidisciplinary care and the standards of care for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 45(3), 295–299. Julhttps://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.016 PMID: 29908615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korell, S. C., & Lorah, P. (2007). An overview of affirmative psychotherapy and counseling with transgender clients. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez, & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (pp. 271–288). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/11482-011
   Google Scholar
• Lefevor, G. T., Janis, R. A., Franklin, A., & Stone, W. M. (2019). Distress and therapeutic outcomes among transgender and gender nonconforming people of color. The Counseling Psychologist, 47(1), 34–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000019827210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehavot, K., Katon, J. G., Simpson, T. L., & Shipherd, J. C. (2017). Transgender Veterans' Satisfaction With Care and Unmet Health Needs. Medical Care, 55(Suppl. 2), S90–S96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000723
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lev, A. I. (2013). Transgender emergence: Therapeutic guidelines for working with gender-variant people and their families. Routledge. http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc4&NEWS=N&AN=2004-00295-000
   Google Scholar
• Lombardi, E. (2007). Substance use treatment experiences of transgender/transsexual men and women. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(2), 37–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J463v03n02_05
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lombardi, E. L., & van Servellen, G. (2000). Building culturally sensitive substance use prevention and treatment programs for transgendered populations. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19(3), 291–296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(00)00114-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, T., Shannon, K., Pierre, L., Small, W., Krusi, A., & Kerr, T. (2015). A qualitative study of transgender individuals' experiences in residential addiction treatment settings: Stigma and inclusivity. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy, 10(17). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-015-0015-4
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, T. K., Koehler, A., Eyssel, J., & Nieder, T. O. (2019). How gender identity and treatment progress impact decision-making, psychotherapy and aftercare desires of trans persons. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(5), 749. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E., & Sharek, D. (2016). Mental health needs of people who identify as transgender: A review of the literature. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(2), 280–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, R., Dispenza, F., Parker, L. K., Viehl, C. J., Chang, C. Y., & Murphy, T. M. (2017). The counseling experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming clients. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(4), 423–434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mereish, E. H. (2019). Substance use and misuse among sexual and gender minority youth. Current Opinion in Psychology, 30, 123–127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millet, N., Longworth, J., & Arcelus, J. (2017). Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders in the transgender population: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizock, L., & Lundquist, C. (2016). Missteps in psychotherapy with transgender clients: Promoting gender sensitivity in counseling and psychological practice. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000177
   Google Scholar
• Murad, M. H., Sultan, S., Haffar, S., & Bazerbachi, F. (2018). Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 23(2), 60–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2017-110853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nemoto, T., Bödeker, B., & Iwamoto, M. (2011). Social support, exposure to violence and transphobia, and correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work. American Journal of Public Health, 101(10), 1980–1988. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Shaughnessy, T., & Speir, Z. (2018). The state of LGBQ affirmative therapy clinical research: A mixed-methods systematic synthesis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(1), 82–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000259
   Google Scholar
• Pinto, N., & Moleiro, C. (2010). Transgender and transsexual identities: Identity development in gender-variant persons. Sexologies, 19, S59. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L71007902
   Google Scholar
• Progovac, A. M., Mullin, B. O., Dunham, E., Reisner, S. L., McDowell, A., Sanchez Roman, M. J., Dunn, M., Telingator, C. J., Lu, F. Q., Breslow, A. S., Forstein, M., & Cook, B. L. (2020). Disparities in suicidality by gender identity among Medicare beneficiaries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58(6), 789–798. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs, D. W., Coleman, K., & Due, C. (2014). Healthcare experiences of gender diverse Australians: A mixed-methods, self-report survey. BMC Public Health, 14, 230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmel-Bristow, A., Haley, S. G., Crouch, J. M., Evans, Y. N., Ahrens, K. R., McCarty, C. A., & Inwards-Breland, D. J. (2018). Youth and caregiver experiences of gender identity transition: A qualitative study. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(2), 273–281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000269
   Google Scholar
• Shipherd, J. C., Green, K. E., & Abramovitz, S. (2010). Transgender clients: Identifying and minimizing barriers to mental health treatment. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 14(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19359701003622875
   Google Scholar
• Simeonov, D., Steele, L. S., Anderson, S., & Ross, L. E. (2015). Perceived satisfaction with mental health services in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and transsexual communities in Ontario, Canada: An Internet-based survey. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 34(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-037
   Google Scholar
• Singh, A.A., & Dickey, L.M. (Eds.). (2016). Affirmative Counseling and Psychological Practice with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, A., Cerel, J., Loeffler, D. N., & Flaherty, C. (2019). Barriers to mental health care for transgender and gender-nonconforming adults: A systematic literature review. Health & Social Work, 29, 29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz016
   Google Scholar
• Speer, S. A., & McPhillips, R. (2013). Patients' perspectives on psychiatric consultations in the Gender Identity Clinic: Implications for patient-centered communication. Patient Education and Counseling, 91(3), 385–391. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperber, J., Landers, S., & Lawrence, S. (2005). Access to health care for transgendered persons: Results of a needs assessment in Boston. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2–3), 75–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J485v08n02_08
   Google Scholar
• Telfer, M. M., Tollit, M. A., Pace, C. C., & Pang, K. C. (2018). Australian standards of care and treatment guidelines for transgender and gender diverse children and adolescents. The Medical Journal of Australia, 209(3), 132–136. Aug 6Epub 2018 Jun 18. PMID: 29902964. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5694/mja17.01044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanta, J. W., Niforatos, J. D., Durbak, E., Viguera, A., & Altinay, M. (2019). Mental health diagnoses among transgender patients in the clinical setting: An all-payer electronic health record study. Transgender Health, 4(1), 313–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2019.0029
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Witcomb, G. L., Bouman, W. P., Claes, L., Brewin, N., Crawford, J. R., & Arcelus, J. (2018). Levels of depression in transgender people and its predictors: Results of a large matched control study with transgender people accessing clinical services. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 308–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, B. P., & Fontenot, H. B. (2019). Transgender and non-conforming persons' mental healthcare experiences: An integrative review. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(2), 203–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2019.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier, J., Bradford, J., Hendricks, M., Safford, L., McKee, R., Martin, E., & Honnold, J. (2013). Transgender health care access in Virginia: A qualitative study. International Journal of Transgenderism, 14(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2013.689513
   Google Scholar