Homeless Gay and Transgender Youth of Color in San Francisco: “No One Likes Street Kids”—Even in the Castro

REFERENCES

• Bontempo , D. and D'Augelli , A. 2002 . Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior . Journal of Adolescent Health , 30 ( 5 ) : 299 – 405 .
   Google Scholar
• Cochran , B. , Stewart , A. , Ginzler , J. and Cauce , M. 2002 . Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts . American Journal of Public Health , 92 : 773 – 777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz , R. 1998 . Latino gay men and HIV: Culture, sexuality, and risk behavior , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Fullilove , M. T. and Fullilove , R. E. 1999 . Stigma as an obstacle to AIDS action: The case of the African American community . American Behavioral Scientist , 42 : 1117 – 1127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garofalo , R. , Wolf , C. , Kassel , S. , Palfrey , J. and DuRant , R. H. 1998 . The association between risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents . Pediatrics , 101 : 895 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greytak , E. , Kosciw , J. and Diaz , E. 2009 . Harsh realities: The experiences of transgender youth in our nation's schools , New York : Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network .
   Google Scholar
• Grossman , A. and D'Augelli , A. 2006 . Transgender youth: Invisible and vulnerable . Journal of Homosexuality , 51 ( 1 ) : 111 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer , H. , Finkelhor , D. and Sedlack , A. 2002 . Runaway/Throwaway children: National estimates and characteristics , Washington, DC : : U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention . Retrieved April 5, 2008, from ojjdp.ncjrs.org
   Google Scholar
• Kidd , S. and Davidson , L. 2007 . “You have to adapt because you have no other choice”: The stories of strength and resilience of 208 homeless youth in New York City and Toronto . Journal of Community Psychology , 35 ( 2 ) : 219 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosciw , J. , Diaz , E. and Greytak , E. 2007 . The 2007 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth in our nation's schools , New York : Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network .
   Google Scholar
• Kruks , G. 1991 . Gay and lesbian homeless/street youth: Special issues and concerns . Journal of Adolescent Health , 12 : 515 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofland , J. and Lofland , L. H. 1995 . Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , L. 1994 . “ Unfaithful to the original: The subject of dictée ” . In Writing self, writing nation , Edited by: Alarcón , N. and Kim , E. 35 – 69 . Berkeley, CA : Third Woman Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maguen , S. and Armistead , L. 2000 . Prevalence of unprotected sex and HIV-antibody testing among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth . The Journal of Sex Research , 37 ( 2 ) : 169 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minter , S. and Daley , C. 2003 . TransRealities: A legal needs assessment of San Francisco's transgender communities , San Francisco : National Center for Lesbian Rights; The Transgender Law Center . Retrieved on January 5, 2007, from www.transgenderlawcenter.org
   Google Scholar
• Reck , J. 2005 . Be queer … but not here! Queer and transgender youth, the Castro ‘mecca,’ and spatial gay politics , Santa Cruz : Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California .
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , C. 1998 . “ Home, houses, nonidentity: Paris is burning ” . In Burning down the house: Recycling domesticity , Edited by: George , R. 355 – 379 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roschelle , A. and Kaufman , P. 2004 . Fitting in and fighting back: Stigma management strategies among homeless kids . Symbolic Interaction , 27 ( 1 ) : 23 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , C. 2003 . Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: Health concerns, services, and care . Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs , 20 ( 2 ) : 137 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saewyc , E. , Bearinger , L. , Blum , R. and Resnick , M. 1998 . Sexual intercourse, abuse and pregnancy among adolescent women: Does sexual orientation make a difference? . Family Planning Perspectives , 31 : 127 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Saewyc , E. , Pooh , C. , Murphy , A. , Skay , C. , Richens , K. and Reis , E. 2006 . Sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and HIV-risk behaviors among adolescents in the Pacific Northwest . American Journal of Public Health , 96 : 1104 – 1110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sard , B. 2009 . Number of homeless families climbing due to recession: Recovery package should include new housing vouchers and other measures to prevent homelessness Washington, DC Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from http://www.cbpp.org/
   Google Scholar
• Sausa , L. , Keatley , J. and Operario , D. 2007 . Perceived risks and benefits of sex work among transgender women of color in San Francisco . Archives of Sex Behavior , 36 : 768 – 777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stacey . 12 April 2004 . “ Personal Communication ” .
   Google Scholar
• Tenner , A. , Trevithick , L. , Wagner , V. and Burch , R. 1998 . Seattle YouthCare's prevention, intervention, and education program: A model of care for HIV-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth . Journal of Adolescent Health , 23 ( 2 ) : 96 – 106 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson , S. , Kost , K. and Poillio , D. 2003 . Examining risk factors associated with family reunification for runaway youth: Does ethnicity matter? . Family Relations , 52 ( 3 ) : 296 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , K. 2006 . A qualitative study of early family histories and transitions of homeless youth . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 21 : 1385 – 1393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Conference of Mayors . 2007 . A status report on hunger and homelessness in America's cities: A 23-city survey , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Valleroy , L. , MacKellar , D. , Karon , J. , Rosen , D. , McFarland , W. , Shehan , D. , Stoyanoff , S. , LaLota , M. , Celentano , D. , Koblin , B. , Thiede , H. , Katz , M. , Torian , L. and Janssen , R. 2000 . HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men . JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association , 284 ( 2 ) : 198 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Ploeg , J. and Scholte , E. 1997 . Homeless youth , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Walls , N. , Hancock , P. and Wisneski , H. 2007 . Differentiating the social service needs of homeless sexual minority youths from those of non-homeless sexual minority youths . Journal of Children & Poverty , 13 ( 2 ) : 177 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitbeck , L. , Chen , X. , Hoyt , D. , Tyler , K. and Johnson , K. 2004 . Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents . Journal of Sex Research , 41 ( 4 ) : 329 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zea , M. , Reisen , C. and Diaz , R. 2003 . Methodological issues in research on sexual behavior with Latino gay and bisexual men . American Journal of Community Psychology , 31 ( 3/4 ) : 281 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar