628
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Chinese economic expansionism in Africa: a theoretical analysis of the environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Forest Sector in Cameroon

&
Pages 142-162 | Received 23 Sep 2011, Accepted 16 Jul 2012, Published online: 27 Sep 2012

References

  • Abiodun , B.J. , Pal , J.S. , Afiesimama , E.A. , Gutowski , J. and Adedoyin , A. 2008 . Simulation of West African monsoon using RegCM3 Part II: Impacts of deforestation and desertification . Theory Application Climatology , 93 : 245 – 261 .
  • Akbostanci , E. , Turut-Asik , S. and Tunc , G.I. 2009 . The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve? . Energy Policy , 37 : 861 – 867 .
  • Alden , C. 2007 . China in Africa: Partner, competitor or hegemon? , London : Zeb Books .
  • Antkiewicz, A., & Whalley, J. (2005). China’s new regional trade agreements. The World Economy, 28, 1539–1556.
  • Arrow , K. , Bolin , B. , Costanza , R. , Dasgupta , P. , Folke , C. , Holling , S. , Jansson , B. , … and Pimental , D. 1996 . Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment . Environment and Development Economics , 1 : 104 – 110 .
  • Bast , J. and Taylor , J.M. 2007 . Scientific consensus on global warming: Results of an international survey of climate scientists , Chicago , IL : The Heartland Institute .
  • Betti , J.L. 2004 . Impact of forest logging in the Dja biosphere reserve Cameroon , Yaoundé/ Cameroon : Ministry of Environment and Forestry/PSRF .
  • BOFIT. (2010). BOFIT Forecast for China 2010–2012. Available at www.bof.fi/NR/rdonlyres/8118630E-B3DE-483C-8764-E8A90D9C4DC7/0/bcf110.pdf
  • Brookes, P., & Shin, J.H. (2006). China’s influence in Africa: Implications for the United States. The Heritage Foundation, Backgrounder #1916. Available at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2006/02/Chinas-Influence-in-Africa-Implications-for-the-United-States
  • BTI Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2010). Cameroon Country Report. Available at www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/.../pdf/...BTI2010/.../Cameroon.pdf
  • Bunker , S.G. and Ciccantell , P.S. 2005 . “ Space, matter, and technology in globalization of the past and future ” . In The historical evolution of world-systems , Edited by: Chase-Dunn , C. and Anderson , E.N. 174 – 210 . New York : Palgrave .
  • Butler, T. (2005). Timber hungry China moves into Africa. Available at http://news.mongabay.com/2005/0420x-tina_butler.html
  • Cai , H. and Treisman , D. 2006 . Did government decentralization cause China’s economic miracle? . World Polit , 58 : 505 – 535 .
  • Cameroon Forest Information and Data. (2010). Available at http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Cameroon.htm
  • Carmody , P.R. and Owusu , F.Y. 2007 . Competing hegemons? Chinese versus American geo-economic strategies in Africa . Political Geography , 26 : 504 – 524 .
  • Chinability. (2010). GDP growth in China, 1952–2009. Available at http://www.chinability.com/GDP.htm
  • Cole , M.A. 2003 . Development, trade and the environment: How robust is the environmental Kuznets curve? . Environment and Development , 8 : 557 – 580 .
  • Cole , M.A. , Rayner , A.J. and Bates , J.M. 1997 . The environmental Kuznets curve: An empirical analysis . Environment and Development Economics , 2 : 401 – 416 .
  • Cole , M. , Elliott , R. and Okubo , T. 2010 . Trade, environmental regulations and industrial mobility: An industry-level study of Japan . Ecological Economics , 69 : 1995 – 2002 .
  • Costanza , R. , Perrings , C. and Cleveland , C.J. 1997 . The development of an ecological economics , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • Courade , G. 1984 . Des Complexes agro-industriels qui coûtent cher. La priorité groindustrielle de l’agriculture camerounaise . Politique Africaine , 14 : 75 – 91 .
  • Dimitrov , R.S. 2010 . Inside UN climate change negotiations: The Copenhagen conference . Review of Policy Research , 27 : 795 – 821 .
  • Economist. (2010). The long road to sustainability: A special report on forests (September 23, 2010). Available at http://www.economist.com/node/17062671
  • Economy Watch. (2010). China (People’s Republic of China) economic statistics and indicator. Retrieved from http://www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/country/China/
  • EFI. (2010). European Forest Institute press releases. Available at http://www.efi.int/portal/news___events/press_releases?id=248
  • EITI. (2006). Democratic Republic of Congo. 12.08.2011, Available from http://www.eitransparency.org/section/countries
  • Farah , P.D. 2006 . Five years of China’s WTO membership: EU and US perspectives on China’s compliance with transparency commitments and the transitional review mechanism . Legal Issues of Economic Integration , 33 : 263 – 304 .
  • Feng , H. 2006 . The politics of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization: The dragon goes global , London : Routledge .
  • Fisher , B. , Turner , R.K. and Morling , P. 2009 . Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making . Ecological Economics , 68 : 643 – 653 .
  • Focacci , A. 2005 . Empirical analysis of the environmental and energy policies in some developing countries using widely employed macroeconomic indicators: The cases of Brazil, China and India . Energy Policy , 33 : 543 – 554 .
  • Fogwe , Z.N. 2010 . Mitigating and managing regional geo-environmental hazards within a decentralization transition in Cameroon . Journal of Human Ecology , 30 : 187 – 195 .
  • Foley , J.A. , DeFries , R. , Asner , G.P. , Barford , C. , Bonan , G. , Carpenter , S.R. , Chapin , F.S. , … and Snyder , P.K. 2005 . Global consequences of land use . Science , 309 : 570 – 574 .
  • Frynas , J.G. and Paulo , M. 2007 . A new scramble for African oil? Historical, political, and business perspectives . African Affairs , 106 : 229 – 251 .
  • GFW (Global Forest Watch). (2000). An overview of logging in Cameroon. Available at www.globalforestwatch.org/common/cameroon/english/report.pdf
  • Global Timber. (2010). Cameroon tropical wood export statistics forest management plans sustainability China Vicwood sapilli ayous logs sawn wood grum. Available at http://www.globaltimber.org.uk/cameroon.htm
  • Goodman, P. S. (2004, December 23). China invests heavily in Sudan’s oil industry. Washington Post, p. A01.
  • Greenpeace. (2002). Vicwood-Thanry destroying Cameroon’s ancient forest. Available at http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/pdfs/migrated/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/4785.pdf
  • Grossman , G.M. and Krueger , A.B. 1995 . Economic growth and the environment . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 110 : 353 – 377 .
  • Harris , J.M. 2002 . Environmental and natural resource economics: A contemporary approach , Boston , MA : Houghton Mifflin Company .
  • He, J., Makdissi, P., & Wodon, Q. (2007). Corruption, inequality and environmental regulation. Cahiers de Recherche de l’Université de Sherbrooke, n° 07-13, Université de Sherbrooke.
  • Heilmann , S. 2008 . From local experiments to national policy: The origins of China’s distinctive policy process . The China Journal , 59 : 1 – 30 .
  • Ichikawa , M. 2006 . Problems in the conservation of rainforests in Cameroon . African study Monographs , 33 : 3 – 20 .
  • INS. (2005). Annuaire Statistique du Cameroun, Yaounde Cameroun.
  • ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization). (2006). Status of tropical forest management 2005. Yokohama: ITTO Technical Series No. 24, 305 pp.
  • IUCN. (2007). 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org/
  • Jiofack , T. , Guedje , N. , Ayissi , I. , Fokunang , C. , Usongo , L. and Nkongmeneck , B.A. 2010 . Upper Nyong Valley forest in Cameroon: Ethnobotanical uses and implications for biodiversity conservation . International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation , 2 : 370 – 381 .
  • Kaplinsky, R., MacCormik, D., & Morris, M. (2007). The impact of China on Sub-Saharan Africa. Working Paper No. 291. Institute of Development Studies, London.
  • Karl , T.R. and Trenberth , K.E. 2003 . Modern global climate change . Science , 302 : 1719 – 1723 .
  • Karsenty , A. 2000 . Study on forest taxation in Central Africa. The aim of promoting sustainable development in the region , Libreville : CIRAD-Forest .
  • Khan , S.A. and Baye , F.M. 2008 . China–Africa economic relations: The case of Cameroon , Nairobi : AERC (mimeo) .
  • Kosoy , N. and Corbera , E. 2010 . Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism . Ecological Economics , 69 : 1228 – 1236 .
  • Kumar, A. (2007). Does foreign direct investment help emerging economies? Economic Letter—Insights from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2007. Available at http://www.dallasfed.org/research/eclett/2007/el0701.html
  • Lall , S. 1998 . Technological capabilities in emerging Asia . Oxford Agrarian Studies , 26 : 213 – 243 .
  • Lang, G., & Chan, C. H. W (2005). The impact of China on Southeast Asian forests. Southeast Asian Research Center, Working Paper Series No. 77, 2005.
  • Lee , C.C. , Chiu , Y.B. and Sun , C.H. 2009 . Does one size fit all? A reexamination of the environmental Kuznets curve using the dynamic panel data approach . Review of Agricultural Economics , 31 : 751 – 778 .
  • Mazzanti , M. 2008 . Is waste generation delinking from economic growth? . Applied Economics Letters , 15 : 287 – 291 .
  • Mbatu , R.S. 2009 . Forest policy analysis praxis: Modelling the problem of forest loss in Cameroon . Forest Policy and Economics , 11 : 26 – 33 .
  • Mebratu , D. 1998 . Sustainability and sustainable development: Historic and conceptual review . Environmental Impact Assessment , 18 : 493 – 520 .
  • Millieudefensie. (2008). Legal imports into Europe of illegal timber from Cameroon. Available at http://milieudefensie.nl/publicaties/rapporten/logfile-legal-imports-into-europe-of-illegal-timber-from-cameroon/view
  • Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Cameroon. (1987). 1984 Agricultural Census: Modern Sector, vol. 1.A. Yaoundé.
  • Mohan , G. and Power , M. 2009 . Africa, China and the ‘new’ economic geography of development . Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography , 30 : 24 – 28 .
  • Muekalia , D.J. 2004 . Africa and China’s strategic partnership . African Security Review , 13 : 5 – 11 .
  • Muradian , R. and Martinez-Alier , J. 2001 . Trade and the environment: From a ‘Southern’ perspective . Ecological Economics , 36 : 281 – 297 .
  • Musa, T. (2009). Interview – Cameroon forest elephants face extinction – WWF. Reuters, April 26, 2009. Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLQ528841
  • Naidoo , R. 2004 . Economic growth and liquidation of natural capital: The case of forest clearance . Land Economics , 80 : 194 – 208 .
  • Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Tutin, C., Van To, l G., & Christophersen, T. (2008). Conservation and use of wildlife-based resources: The bushmeat crisis. Technical Series No.33. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, and Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor.
  • Ndoye , O. and Kaimowitz , D. 2000 . Macro-economics, markets and the humid forests of Cameroon, 1967–1997 . The Journal of Modern African Studies , 38 : 225 – 253 .
  • Negi , R. 2008 . Beyond the “Chinese scramble”: The political economy of anti-China sentiment in Zambia . African Geographical Review , 27 : 41 – 63 .
  • Nelson, J. (2008). Consumers must stop forest destruction. BBC News, Monday, 11 February 2008. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7239328.stm
  • Njong, A.M. (2008). Investigating the effects of foreign direct investment on export growth in Cameroon. Paper presented at UNECA Ad-hoc expert group meeting, 24-25 November, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Available at http://www.uneca.org/trid/documents/Macro_24nov08/FDI%20and%20Export%20Njong%201.pdf
  • Olusegun , O.A. 2009 . Economic growth and environmental quality in Nigeria: Does environmental Kuznets hypothesis hold? . Environmental Research Journal , 3 : 14 – 18 .
  • Oyono , P.R. 2005 . The foundations of the conflict de langage over land and forests in southern Cameroon . African Study Monographs , 26 : 115 – 144 .
  • Peh , K.S.H. and Eyal , J. 2010 . Unveiling China’s impact on African environment . Energy Policy , 38 : 4729 – 4730 .
  • Putzel, L., Assembe-Mvondo, S., Bi Ndong, L.B., Banioguila, R.P., Cerutti, P., Tieguhong, J.C., Djeukam, R., … Mala, W. (2011). Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. Working paper 67. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
  • Randolph , J. and Masters , G. 2008 . Energy for sustainability: Technology, planning, policy , Washington , DC : Island Press .
  • Reed , E. and Miranda , M. 2007 . Assessment of the Mining Sector and Infrastructure Development in the Congo Basin region , Washington , DC : WWF .
  • Ricardo , D. 1817 . On the principles of political economy and taxation , London : John Murray .
  • Richerson , P.J. and Boyd , R. 1998 . Homage to Malthus, Ricardo, and Boserup: Toward a general theory of population, economic growth, environmental deterioration, wealth, and poverty . Human Ecology Review , 4 : 85 – 90 .
  • Rock , M.T. 2000 . The dewatering of economic growth. What accounts for the declining water-use intensity of income? . Journal of Industrial Ecology , 4 : 57 – 73 .
  • Sachs, J.D. (2004). Stages of economic development. Paper presented at the Chinese,Academy of Arts and Sciences, 19 June. Beijing. Available at, www.earth.columbia.edu/about/director/documents/china_speech061904.pdf
  • Sayre , N.F. 2008 . The Genesis, history, and limits of carrying capacity . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 98 : 120 – 134 .
  • Seppälä , T. , Haukioja , T. and Kiavo-oja , J. 2001 . The EKC hypothesis does not hold for direct material flows: Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis tests for direct material flows in five industrial countries . Population and Environment , 23 : 217 – 238 .
  • Shafik , N. 1994 . Economic development and environmental quality: An econometric analysis . Oxford Economic Papers , 46 : 757 – 773 .
  • Sieböck, G. (2002). A political, legal and economic framework for sustainable forest management in Cameroon: Concerted initiatives to save the rainforests. Master’s Thesis, Lund University. Available at http://www.lumes.lu.se/database/alumni/01.02/theses/sieboeck_gregor.pdf
  • Sobhee , S.K. 2004 . The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC): A logistic curve? . Applied Economics Letters , 11 : 449 – 452 .
  • Stefano , B. and Luigi , B. 2002 . Environmental and social degradation as the engine of economic growth . Ecological Economics , 43 : 1 – 16 .
  • Stern , D.I. , Common , M.S. and Barbier , E.B. 1996 . Economic growth and environmental degradation: The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development . World Development , 24 : 1151 – 1160 .
  • Taylor , I. 2006a . China and Africa: Engagement and compromise , Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Taylor , I. 2006b . China’s oil diplomacy in Africa . International Affairs , 82 : 937 – 959 .
  • Taylor, I. (2007). Unpacking China’s resource diplomacy in Africa. Center on China’s Transnational Relations. Working Paper No. 19. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
  • Tisdell , C. 2008 . Global warming and the future of Pacific Island countries . International Journal of Social Economics , 35 ( 12 ) : 889 – 903 .
  • Topa , G. , Karsenty , A. , Megevand , C. and Debroux , L. 2009 . The rainforest of Cameroon: Experience and evidence from a decade of Reform , Washington , DC : World Bank .
  • Tull , D.M. 2006 . China’s engagement in Africa: Scope, significance and consequences . Journal of Modern African Studies , 44 : 459 – 479 .
  • Tull , D.M. 2008 . China in Africa: European perceptions and responses to the Chinese challenge , Washington , DC : African Studies Program, The John Hopkins University, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies .
  • Turner , R.K. , Paavola , J. , Cooper , P. , Farber , S. , Jessamy , V. and Georgiou , S. 2003 . Valuing nature: Lessons learned and future research directions . Ecological Economics , 46 : 493 – 510 .
  • Van Beers , C. and Van den Bergh , J. 1996 . An overview of methodological approaches in the analysis of trade and environment . Journal of World Trade , 30 : 143 – 167 .
  • Van de Looy , J. and de Haan , H. 2006 . Africa and China: A strategic partnership? . Strategic Analysis , 30 : 562 – 575 .
  • Wallerstein , I. 1974 . The modern world system: Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world economy in the sixteenth century , New York : Academic Press .
  • Wang , Z. 2003 . WTO accession, the ‘greater China’ free-trade area, and economic integration across the Taiwan Strait . China Economic Review , 14 : 316 – 349 .
  • Whalley , J. 2006 . China in the world trading system . CESifo Economic Studies , 52 : 215 – 245 .
  • Woods , N. 2008 . Whose aid? Whose influence? China, emerging donors and the silent revolution in development assistance . International Affairs , 84 : 1205 – 1221 .
  • Wright , J.H. and Priston , N.C. 2010 . Hunting and trapping in Lebialem Division, Cameroon: Bushmeat harvesting practices and human reliance . Endang Species Research , 11 : 1 – 12 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.