From Destination Image to Destination Loyalty: Evidence From Recreation Farms in Taiwan

References

• Aaker , J. L. 1997 . Dimensions of brand personality . Journal of Marketing Research , 34 ( 3 ) : 347 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. C. and Gerbing , D. W. 1988 . Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach . Psychological Bulletin , 103 ( 3 ) : 411 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagozzi , R. P. and Yi , Y. 1988 . On the evaluation of structural equation models . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 16 ( 1 ) : 76 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. and McCleary , K. W. 1999 . A model of destination image formation . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 4 ) : 868 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao , Y. , Bao , Y. and Sheng , S. 2011 . Motivating purchase of private brands: Effects of store image, product signatureness, and quality variation . Journal of Business Research , 64 ( 2 ) : 220 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerli , A. and Martín , J. D. 2004 . Factors influencing destination image . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 657 – 681 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerli , A. , Meneses , G. D. and Gil , S. M. 2007 . Self-congruity and destination choice . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 ( 3 ) : 571 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. and Wu , E. J. C. 1993 . EQS/Windows user's guide , Los Angeles , CA : BMDP Statistical Software .
   Google Scholar
• Bigne , J. E. , Sanchez , M. I. and Sanchez , J. 2001 . Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behavior: Interrelationship . Tourism Management , 22 ( 6 ) : 607 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birgit , L. 2001 . Image segmentation: The case of a tourism destination . Journal of Service Marketing , 15 ( 1 ) : 49 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Castro , C. B. , Armario , E. M. and Ruiz , D. M. 2007 . The influence of market heterogeneity on the relationship between a destination's image and tourists' future behaviour . Tourism Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 175 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , C. F. and Tsai , D. 2007 . How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? . Tourism Management , 28 ( 4 ) : 1115 – 1122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi , C. G.-Q. and Qu , H. 2008 . Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach . Tourism Management , 29 ( 4 ) : 624 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. 1979 . Motivations for pleasure vacation . Annals of Tourism Research , 6 ( 4 ) : 408 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Dick , A. S. and Basu , K. 1994 . Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 22 ( 2 ) : 99 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Ekinci , Y. 2003 . From destination image to destination branding: An emerging area of research . E-Review of Tourism Research , 1 ( 2 ) : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Ekinci , Y. and Hosany , S. 2006 . Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations . Journal of Travel Research , 45 ( 2 ) : 127 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Ekinci , Y. , Sirakaya-Turk , E. and Baloglu , S. 2007 . Host image and destination personality . Tourism Analysis , 12 ( 5–6 ) : 433 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Fakeye , P. C. and Crompton , J. L. 1991 . Image differences between prospective, first-time, repeat visitors to the lower Rio Grande Valley . Journal of Travel Research , 30 ( 2 ) : 10 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Fornell , C. and Larcker , D. 1981 . Evaluating structure equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error . Journal of Marketing Research , 18 ( 1 ) : 39 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freling , T. H. , Crosno , J. L. and Henard , D. H. 2011 . Brand personality appeal: Conceptualization and empirical validation . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 39 ( 3 ) : 392 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freling , T. H. and Forbes , L. P. 2005 . An examination of brand personality through methodological triangulation . Brand Management , 13 ( 2 ) : 148 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. 1993 . Image formation process . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 2 ( 2/3 ) : 191 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Geuens , M. , Weijters , B. and Wulf , K. D. 2009 . A new measure of brand personality . International Journal of Research in Marketing , 26 ( 2 ) : 97 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh , H. and Litvin , S. 2000 . Destination preference and self-congruity , Burbank , CA, June, 2000 : Paper presented at the annual conference of Travel and Tourism Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Govers , R. , Go , F. M. and Kumar , K. 2007 . Promoting tourism destination image . Journal of Travel Research , 46 ( 1 ) : 15 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Helgeson , J. G. and Supphellen , M. 2004 . A conceptual and measurement comparison of self-congruity and brand personality: The impact of socially desirable responding . International Journal of Market Research , 46 ( 2 ) : 205 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeffler , S. and Keller , K. L. 2003 . The marketing advantage of strong brands . Journal of Brand Management , 10 ( 6 ) : 421 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Homburg , C. , Grozdanovic , M. and Klarmann , M. 2007 . Responsiveness to customers and competitors: The role of affective and cognitive organizational systems . Journal of Marketing , 71 ( 3 ) : 18 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosany , S. , Ekinci , Y. and Uysal , M. 2006 . Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places . Journal of Business Research , 59 ( 5 ) : 638 – 642 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung , K. and Petrick , J. F. 2011 . The role of self- and functional congruity in cruising intentions . Journal of Travel Research , 50 ( 1 ) : 100 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johar , G. V. , Sengupta , J. and Aaker , J. L. 2005 . Two roads to updating brand personality impressions: Trait versus evaluative inferencing . Journal of Marketing Research , 42 ( 4 ) : 458 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastenholz , E. 2004 . Assessment and role of destination-self-congruity . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 719 – 723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneesel , E. , Baloglu , S. and Millar , M. 2010 . Gaming destination images: Implications for branding . Journal of Travel Research , 49 ( 1 ) : 68 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kressmann , F. , Sirgy , M. J. , Herrmann , A. , Huber , F. , Huber , S. and Lee , D.-J. 2006 . Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty . Journal of Business Research , 59 ( 9 ) : 955 – 964 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leisen , B. 2001 . Image segmentation: The case of a tourism destination . Journal of Services Marketing , 15 ( 1 ) : 49 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , C. H. , Morais , D. B. , Kerstetter , D. L. and Hou , J. S. 2007 . Examining the role of cognitive and affective image in predicting choice across natural, developed, and theme-park destinations . Journal of Travel Research , 46 ( 2 ) : 183 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Litvin , S. W. and Goh , H. K. 2002 . Self-image congruity: A valid tourism theory? . Tourism Management , 23 ( 1 ) : 81 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvin , S. W. , Goh , H. K. and Goldsmith , R. E. 2001 . Travel innovativeness and self-image congruity . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 10 ( 4 ) : 33 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Morais , D. B. and Lin , C. H. 2010 . Why do first-time and repeat visitors patronize a destination? . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 27 ( 2 ) : 193 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , N. and Pritchard , A. 2002 . “ Contextualizing destination branding ” . In Destination branding: Creating the unique destination proposition , Edited by: Morgan , N. , Pritchard , A. and Pride , R. 11 – 43 . Oxford , , England : Butterworth-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , L. , Benckendorff , P. and Moscardo , G. 2007 . Linking travel motivation, tourist self-image and destination brand personality . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 22 ( 2 ) : 45 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Parameswaran , R. and Yaprak , A. 1987 . A cross-national comparison of consumer research measures . Journal of International Business Studies , 18 ( 1 ) : 35 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pike , S. 2002 . Destination image analysis—A review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000 . Tourism Management , 23 ( 5 ) : 541 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittichainuwat , B. N. , Qu , H. and Brown , T. J. 2001 . Thailand's international travel image: Mostly favorable . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 42 ( 2 ) : 82 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , G. F. 1993 . Ideal and actual images of backpacker visitors to Northern Australia . Journal of Travel Research , 32 ( 3 ) : 54 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Sirgy , M. J. 1985 . Using self-congruity and ideal congruity to predict purchase motivation . Journal of Business Research , 13 ( 3 ) : 195 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirgy , M. J. , Grewal , D. , Mangleburg , T. F. , Park , J. , Chon , K. , Claiborne , C. B. … and Berkman , H. 1997 . Assessing the predictive validity of two methods of measuring self image congruence . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 25 ( 3 ) : 229 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirgy , M. J. , Lee , D.-J. , Johar , J. S. and Tidwell , J. 2008 . Effect of self-congruity with sponsorship on brand loyalty . Journal of Business Research , 61 ( 10 ) : 1091 – 1097 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirgy , M. J. and Su , C. 2000 . Destination image, self-congruity, and travel behavior: Toward an integrative model . Journal of Travel Research , 38 ( 4 ) : 340 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Sobel , M. E. 1982 . “ Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models ” . In Sociological methodology , Edited by: Leinhart , S. 290 – 312 . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Sung , Y. and Kim , J. 2010 . Effects of brand personality on brand trust and brand affect . Psychology and Marketing , 27 ( 7 ) : 639 – 661 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaminathan , V. , Stilley , K. M. and Ahluwalia , R. 2009 . When brand personality matters: The moderating role of attachment styles . Journal of Consumer Research , 35 ( 6 ) : 985 – 1002 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taiwan Council of Agriculture. (2010). 發展休閒農業 [Developing recreation farming]. http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=19201 (http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=19201)
   Google Scholar
• Taiwanese Recreation Farming Development Association. (2010). The introduction to Taiwanese Recreation Farming Development Association. http://www.taiwan-farming.org.tw/ (http://www.taiwan-farming.org.tw/)
   Google Scholar
• Tasci , A. D. A. 2009 . Social distance: The missing link in the loop of movies, destination image, and tourist behavior? . Journal of Travel Research , 47 ( 4 ) : 494 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasci , A. D. A. and Gartner , W. C. 2007 . Destination image and its functional relationships . Journal of Travel Research , 45 ( 4 ) : 413 – 425 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , T. B. 1998 . Better loyalty measurement leads to business solutions . Marketing News , 32 ( 22 ) : 41 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Usakli , A. and Baloglu , S. 2011 . Brand personality of tourist destinations: An application of self-congruity theory . Tourism Management , 32 ( 1 ) : 114 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rekom , J. , Jacobs , G. and Verlegh , P. W. J. 2006 . Measuring and managing the essence of a brand personality . Marketing Letters , 17 ( 3 ) : 181 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , C. H.-H. and Liang , R.-D. 2011 . The relationship between white-water rafting experience formation and customer reaction: A flow theory perspective . Tourism Management , 32 ( 2 ) : 317 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zikmund , W. G. 2003 . Business research methods , 7th , Mason , OH : South-Western Publishing .
   Google Scholar