References
- Arlt, W., & Burns, P. (2013). China outbound tourism special issue. Tourism, Planning, and Development, 10(2), 123–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2013.789656
- Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759703500402
- Baloglu, S., & Mangaloglu, M. (2001). Tourism destination images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as perceived by US-based tour operators and travel agents. Tourism Management, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00030-3
- Baloglu, S., & Mccleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
- Bansal, H., & Eiselt, H. A. (2004). Exploratory research of tourist motivations and planning. Tourism Management, 25(3), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00135-3
- Batista-Sánchez, E., & González-Ferrer, J. R. (2015). Induced imaginary in the promotion of trips in Holguín tourist destination. Retos Turísticos, 14(2), 12. https://bit.ly/2Ts2OHZ
- Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010
- Beh, A., & Bruyere, B. L. (2007). Segmentation by visitor motivation in three Kenyan national reserves. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1464–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.010
- Bigné, J. E. (2005). Nuevas orientaciones del marketing turístico: de la imagen de destinos a la fidelización de los turistas. Papeles de Economía, Especial Monográfico, 102, 221–235. https://bit.ly/2PBuAR3
- Bigné, J. E., Sanchez, M. I., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8
- Bolan, P., & Williams, L. (2008). The role of image in service promotion: Focusing on the influence of film on consumer choice within tourism. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(4), 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00672.x
- Bradley, G. L., & Sparks, B. A. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of consumer value: A longitudinal study of timeshare owners. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510396099
- Cardona, J. R. (2014). Imagen que poseen los españoles de China como destino turístico. Turismo e Sociedade, 7(2): 292-307. https://doi.org/10.5380/tes.v7i2.35346
- Carvache-Franco, M., Segarra-Oña, M., & Carrascosa-López, C. (2019). Segmentation and motivations in eco-tourism: The case of a coastal national park. Ocean & Coastal Management, 178, 104812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.05.014
- Carvache-Franco, W., Carvache-Franco, M., Carvache-Franco, O., & Hernández-Lara, A. B. (2020). Motivation and segmentation of the demand for coastal and marine destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100661
- Chaudhary, M. (2000). India’s image as a tourist destination—a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism Management, 21(3), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00053-9
- Chen, C., & Lin, Y. H. (2012). Segmenting mainland Chinese tourists to Taiwan by destination familiarity: A factor-cluster approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(4), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.864
- Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007
- Chen, J. S. (2001). A case study of Korean outbound travelers’ destination images by using correspondence analysis. Tourism Management, 22(4), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00066-2
- China Tourism Academy. (2019). China outbound tourism annual report 2019. https://bit.ly/3aojtDa
- Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757901700404
- Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2–12. https://bit.ly/2wetUun
- Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. (2003). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 37–48. https://bit.ly/32EdlE4
- Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759103000202
- Gallarza, M., Gil, I., & Calderón, H. (2002). Destination image: Toward a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
- Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(2/3), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v02n02_12
- Giraldi, A., & Cesareo, L. (2017). film marketing opportunities for the well-known tourist destination. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 13(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-016-0035-5
- Govers, R., Go, F. M., & Kumar, K. (2007). Promoting tourism destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302374
- Guo, Y., Kim, S. S., & Timothy, D. J. (2007). Development characteristics and implications of Mainland Chinese outbound tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 12(4), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660701760995
- Hidalgo, M. C. (2014). Cognitive and affective dimensions of tourism destination image. An approach through the theory of social representation. Universidad de Murcia.
- Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262–1273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.015
- Integrated System of Social Indicators of Ecuador SIDENPE. (2020). List of nationalities and indigenous peoples of Ecuador. http://www.siise.gob.ec/siiseweb/PageWebs/glosario/ficglo_napuin.htm
- IPK International. (2011). ITB world travel trends report 2011/12. Messe Berlin. https://bit.ly/2TymKJs
- Kastenholz, E. (2010). ‘Cultural proximity’ as a determinant of destination image. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(4), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766710380883
- Kim, H., & Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00062-2
- Lai, C., Li, X., & Harril, R. (2013). Chinese outbound tourist’s perceived constraints to visiting the United States. Tourism Management, 37, 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.01.014
- Li, J. J., Ali, F., & Kim, W. G. (2015). Reexamination of the role of destination image in tourism: An updated literature review. E-review of Tourism Research, 12, 191–209. https://bit.ly/2TbzPJx
- Loi, K. L., Pearce, P. L., & Wu, M. Y. (2016). Young Chinese tourist travel patterns and future plans. The world meets Asian tourists. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, 7, 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2042-144320160000007017
- Lojo, A. (2016). Chinese tourism in Spain: An analysis of the tourism product, attractions and itineraries offered by chinese travel agencies. Cuadernos de Turismo, 37, 511–517. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.37.256231
- Ministry of Environment of Ecuador. (2016, November). National biodiversity strategy 2015–2030 (1st ed.). Inter-institutional Committee for the update of the National Biodiversity Strategy 2015–2030. https://bit.ly/2TqIzui
- Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador. (2019). National tourism plan 2030. https://bit.ly/389uEOE
- Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador. (2020). International movements record. Equipo Consultor Tourism & Leisure – Europraxis. https://bit.ly/38coEV2
- National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2018). Population by age and sex (2017).China Statistics Press http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexeh.htm
- Oh, H. (2000). Diners’ perceptions of quality, value and satisfaction. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(3), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8804(00)80017-8
- Papadopoulos, N. (2004). Place branding: Evolution, meaning and implications. Place Branding, 1(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990003
- Pearce, P. L. (2013). The social psychology of tourist behaviour: International series in experimental social psychology (Vol. 3). Elsevier.
- Pike, S., & Ryan, C. (2004). Destination positioning analysis through a comparison of cognitive, affective, and conative perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504263029
- Pons García, R. C., Morales Morales, L., & Díaz González, Y. (2007). La imagen del destino y el comportamiento de compra del turista. Teoría y Praxis, 3(3), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.22403/UQROOMX/TYP03/07
- Rahayu, S., Assauri, S., & Heruwasto, I. (2017). The idea of congruence between image and society stereotype on attitude toward tourist destination. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 8(4(20)), 761–774. https://bit.ly/2T9dVqh
- Roth, K. P., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2009). Advancing the country image construct. Journal of Business Research, 62(7), 726–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.014
- Skivalou, M., & Filippidi, E. (2017). Chinese tourism: Development and prospects for Greece. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(3), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358415610372
- Song, H., Wang, Y., & Sparks, B. A. (2018). How do young Chinese friendship groups make travel decisions? A content and interaction process analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(6), 772–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1421117
- Sparks, B., & Pan, G. W. (2008). Chinese outbound tourist: Understanding their attitudes, constraints and use of information sources. Tourism Management, 30(4), 483–494. Google Scholar, Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.014
- Swanson, K. K., & Horridge, P. E. (2006). Travel motivations as souvenir purchase indicators. Tourism Management, 27(4), 671–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.03.001
- Tasci, A. D., & Gartner, W. C. (2007). Destination image and its functional relationships. Journal of Travel Research, 45(4), 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507299569
- Tsaur, R. C., & Chen, C. H. (2018). Strategies for cross-border travel supply chains: Gaming Chinese group tours to Taiwan. Tourism Management, 64, 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.011
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2020). Ecuador world heritage sites. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/EC
- Wen, J., Meng, F., Ying, T., Qi, H., & Lockyer, T. (2018). Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 64, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.001
- Williams, P., & Soutar, G. N. (2009). Value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an adventure tourism context. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 413–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.02.002
- Wu, M. Y., & Pearce, P. L. (2014). Chinese recreational vehicle users in Australia: A netnographic study of tourist motivation. Tourism Management, 43, 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.010