References

• Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson, T. D. (2007). The tourist in the experience economy. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250701224035
   Google Scholar
• Baía, J. (2018). Mothers’ perceptions of adolescents’ influence on the purchase decisions of family vacations. Athens Journal of Tourism, 5(2), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.5-2-3
   Google Scholar
• Beatty, S. E., & Talpade, S. (1994). Adolescent influence in family decision making: A replication with extension. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(2), 332–341. https://doi.org/10.1086/209401
   Google Scholar
• Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., & Ceresino, G. (1985). Parental and teenage child influences in family decision making. Journal of Business Research, 13(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90038-4
   Google Scholar
• Belch, M. A., Belch, G. E., & Sciglimpaglia, D. (1980). Conflict in family decision making: An exploratory investigation. In J. C. Olson (Ed.), Advances in consumer research: volume 7 (pp. 475–479). Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• Belch, M. A., Krentler, K. A., & Willis-Flurry, L. A. (2005). Teen internet mavens: Influence in family decision making. Journal of Business Research, 58(5), 569–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.08.005
   Google Scholar
• Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2008). Agreement and disagreement in family vacation decision-making. Tourism Management, 29(5), 967–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Carr, N. (2006). A comparison of adolescents’ and parents’ holiday motivations and desires. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6040051
   Google Scholar
• Caruana, A., & Vassallo, R. (2003). Children’s perception of their influence over purchases: The role of parental communication patterns. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760310456955
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, I. F., Su, C. J., Liao, H. H., Lorgnier, N., Lebrun, A. M., Yen, W. S., Lan, Y. F., & Huang, Y. (2019). Adolescents’ perceptions of mother–father dominance in family vacation decisions: A 25-society study. Service Business, 13(4), 755–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-019-00404-6
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, Y. C., Su, C. J., Liao, H. H., Chaudhary, M., & Lan, Y. F. (2022). Children’s dominance in family vacation decision-making (FVDM): A multi-national analysis. Tourism Review, 77(3), 796-814. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-07-2020-0317
   Google Scholar
• Condor Ferries. (2022). 2020-2021 Family Travel Statistics. https://www.condorferries.co.uk/family-travel-statistics
   Google Scholar
• Etgar, M. (2008). A descriptive model of the consumer co-production process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0061-1
   Google Scholar
• Foxman, E. R., Tansuhaj, P. S., & Ekstrom, K. M. (1989). Family members’ perceptions of adolescents’ influence in family decision making. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(4), 482–491. https://doi.org/10.1086/209187
   Google Scholar
• Fu, X., Lehto, X., & Park, O. (2014). What does vacation do to our family? Contrasting the perspectives of parents and children. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(4), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.883350
   Google Scholar
• Gao, M., & Potwarka, L. (2021). Investigating the role of family travel and family functioning in promoting Chinese adolescents’ subjective wellbeing. Journal of Leisure Research, 52(4), 487–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2021.1927264
   Google Scholar
• Guan, X., & Li, X. (2017). A cross-cultural examination of family communication patterns, parent-child closeness, and conflict styles in the United States, China, and Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Communication, 17(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2017.1293062
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourist behaviour and tourism motivation. In P. Robinson, S. Heitmann, & P. U. C. Dieke (Eds.), Research themes for tourism (pp. 31–44). CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049-4
   Google Scholar
• Jang, J. Y., & Kim, Y. C. (2012). The effects of parent–child communication patterns on children’s interactive communication in online communities: Focusing on social self-efficacy and unwillingness to communicate as mediating factors. Asian Journal of Communication, 22(5), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2012.701314
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M., McPhail, J., & Yau, O. H. M. (1994). Conflict in family purchase decision making: A proposal for an investigation of the factors influencing the choice of conflict resolution strategies by children. In J. A. Cote & S. M. Leong (Eds.), Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research: volume 1, (pp. 229–236) Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• Kang, S. K., & Hsu, H. C. (2004). Spousal conflict level and resolution in family vacation destination selection. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 28(4), 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348004265281
   Google Scholar
• Kang, S. K., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2005). Dyadic consensus on family vacation destination selection. Tourism Management, 26(4), 571–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Kim, K. Y., & Jogaratnam, G. (2003). Travel motivations: A comparative study of Asian international and domestic American college students. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 13(4), 61–82. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v13n04_04
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S. M., Lee, H., & Tomiuk, M. A. (2009). Adolescents’ perceptions of family communication patterns and some aspects of their consumer socialization. Psychology & Marketing, 26(10), 888–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20304
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M., Karadag, L., & O’Leary, J. (2012). Who influences aspects of family decision making? International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506181211206216
   Google Scholar
• Lan, Y. F., & Su, C. J. (2020). Communicating with key travel decision maker for stronger competitiveness of destinations: A multilevel perspective for East Asian family vacations. International Journal of Tourism and Travel, 13(1), 19–32.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M., Lehto, X., & Li, H. (2020). 40 years of family tourism research: Bibliometric analysis and remaining issues. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1733337
   Google Scholar
• Liao, H. H., Su, C. J., Lorgnier, N., Lan, Y. F., & Oh, S. (2022). Adolescents’ motivation for family travels: Cross-culture/cross-country evidence. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 27(2), 103–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.2020314
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., West, S. G., Levy, R., & Aiken, L. S. (2017). Tests of simple slopes in multiple regression models with an interaction: Comparison of four approaches. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52(4), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2017.1309261
   Google Scholar
• Martínez, E., & Polo, Y. (1999). Determining factors in family purchasing behaviour: An empirical investigation. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(5), 461–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363769910289569
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, A. S. (2000). Tourism motivation process. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 1049–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00130-9
   Google Scholar
• Moore-Shay, E. S., & Wilkie, W. L. (1988). Recent development in research on family decisions. In M. J. Houston (Ed.), Advances in consumer research, volume15, (pp. 454–460).
   Google Scholar
• Nanda, D., Hu, C., & Bai, B. (2007). Exploring family roles in purchasing decisions during vacation planning: Review and discussions for future research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(3–4), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v20n03_08
   Google Scholar
• Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pizam, A., & Fleischer, A. (2005). The relationship between cultural characteristics and preference for active vs. passive tourist activities. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 12(4), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v12n04_02
   Google Scholar
• Rose, G. M., Boush, D., & Shoham, A. (2002). Family communication and children’s purchasing influence: A cross-national examination. Journal of Business Research, 55(11), 867–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00205-3
   Google Scholar
• Rubalcava, L., & Contreras, D. (2000). Does gender and birth order matter when parents specialize in child’s nutrition? Evidence from Chile. Journal of Applied Economics, 3(2), 353–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2000.12040554
   Google Scholar
• Schänzel, H. (2012). The inclusion of fathers, children and the whole family group in tourism research on families. In H. Schänzel, I. Yeoman, & E. Backer (Eds.), Family tourism: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 67–80). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M., Havitz, M. E., & Delemere, F. M. (2008). “I decided to invest in my kids’ memories”: Family vacations, memories, and the social construction of the family. Tourism Culture & Communication, 8(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830408783900361
   Google Scholar
• Shearman, S. M., & Dumlao, R. (2008). A cross-cultural comparison of family communication patterns and conflict between young adults and parents. Journal of Family Communication, 8(3), 186–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267430802182456
   Google Scholar
• Sheth, J. N. (1974). A theory of family buying decisions. In J. N. Sheth (Ed.), Models of buyer behavior: Conceptual, quantitative, and empirical (pp. 17–33). Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Sheth, J. N., & Cosmas, S. (1975). Tactics of conflict resolution in family buying behavior. Faculty Working Paper 271, Collage of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
   Google Scholar
• Shoham, A., & Dalakas, V. (2003). Family consumer decision making in Israel: The role of teens and parents. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(3), 238––251. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760310472263
   Google Scholar
• Singh, R., & Nayak, J. K. (2016). Parent-adolescent conflict and choice of conflict resolution strategy: Familial holiday planning. International Journal of Conflict Management, 27(1), 88–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-04-2014-0025
   Google Scholar
• Snepenger, D., King, J., Marshall, E., & Uysal, M. (2006). Modeling Iso-Ahola’s motivation theory in the tourism context. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291592
   Google Scholar
• Spiers, M. (2017). Families with adolescents: Vacation decision making. [ PhD thesis], Victoria University.
   Google Scholar
• Stamboulis, Y., & Skayannis, P. (2003). Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00047-X
   Google Scholar
• Su, C. J. (2004). A comparative study among interpersonal influence strategies in organizational buying decision-making. Journal of Management and Business Research, 21(5), 593–610. doi:10.6504/JOM.2004.21.05.03.
   Google Scholar
• Su, C. J. (2011). The moderating role of composites of cultural values in predicting adolescents’ influence on family purchase decisions: A study of Asian cases. African Journal of Business Management, 5(15), 6058–6071. 10.5897/AJBM10.225
   Google Scholar
• Su, C. J., Lebrun, A. M., Bouchet, P., Wang, J. R., Lorgnier, N., & Yang, J. H. (2016). Tourists’ participation and preference-related belief in co-creating value of experience: A nature-based perspective. Service Business, 10(4), 823–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-015-0292-z
   Google Scholar
• Su, C. J., Liao, H. H., Lorgnier, N., Yen, W. S., Bouchet, P., Hirooka, Y., Jallouli, R., Roberts-Lombard, M., & Lan, Y. F. (2019). Measuring adolescent influence tactics with parents in family vacation decisions: A comparable scale across 19 societies. SAGE Open, 9(1), 209. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019835950
   Google Scholar
• Su, C. J., & Wang, S. (2010). A cross-cultural study of East Asian adolescents’ influence in family purchase decisions. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 6(1), 52–67.
   Google Scholar
• Therkelsen, A. (2010). Deciding on family holidays: Role distribution and strategies in use. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(8), 765–779. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.526895
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, P. R., Shaw, G., & Williams, A. M. (1997). Tourist group holiday decision-making and behaviour: The influence of children. Tourism Management, 18(5), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00017-4
   Google Scholar
• Tiago, M. T. B., & Tiago, F. G. B. (2013). The influence of teenagers on a family’s vacation choices. Tourism & Management Studies, 9(1), 28–34. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=388743878002
   Google Scholar
• Van Nguyen, L. T., Nayak, R., Watkins, J., & Nguyen, P. N. D. (2019). Drivers of social media disengagement: A study of young consumers in Vietnam. Young Consumers, 21(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-01-2019-0938
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, R., Kohli, A. K., & Zaltman, G. (1995). Influence strategies in buying centers. Journal of Marketing, 59(4), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900406
   Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Holloway, B. B., Beatty, S. E., & Hill, W. W. (2007). Adolescent influence in family purchase decisions: An update and cross-national extension. Journal of Business Research, 60(11), 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Yeh, Y. C., & Tsai, C. W. (2004). Who is the decision-maker: The parents or the child in group package tours? Tourism Management, 25(2), 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00093-1
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Li, M. (2021). Family identity bundles and holiday decision making. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 486–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520930091
   Google Scholar
• Williams, B. A., Onsman, A., & Brown, G. T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93
   Google Scholar
• Wu, M. Y., & Wall, G. (2016). Chinese research on family tourism: Review and research implications. Journal of China Tourism Research, 12(3–4), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2016.1276873
   Google Scholar
• Wu, W., Wu, M. Y., Yi, L., & Lehto, X. (2021). Measuring Chinese adolescents’ learning outcomes in family travel: A scale development approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20(2), 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100617
   Google Scholar
• Yang, M. J. H., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Yang, E. C. L. (2020). Three generations on a holiday: Exploring the influence of Neo-Confucian values on Korean multigenerational family vacation decision making. Tourism Management, 78(3), 104076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104076
   Google Scholar
• Yen, W. S., Su, C. J., Lan, Y. F., Mazurek, M., Kosmaczewska, J., Švagždienė, B., & Cherenkov, V. (2020). Adolescents’ use of influence tactics with parents in family travel decision making: A cross-societal comparison in Eastern Europe. The Social Science Journal, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2020.1745519
   Google Scholar
• Yim, C. K., Chan, K. W., & Lam, S. S. (2012). Do customers and employees enjoy service participation? Synergistic effects of self-and other-efficacy. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.0205
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q. (2007). Family communication patterns and conflict styles in Chinese parent-child relationships. Communication Quarterly, 55(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370600998681
   Google Scholar