Mycotoxins in infant/toddler foods and breakfast cereals in the US retail market

References

• Almeida MI, Almeida NG, Carvalho KL, Goncalves GA, Silva CN, Santos EA, Garcia JC, Vargas EA. 2012. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and citreoviridin in rice in Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A, Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 29:694–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Taher F, Cappozzo J, Zweigenbaum J, Lee HJ, Jackson L, Ryu D. 2017. Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the US market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assay. Food Control. 72:27–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvito PC, Sizoo EA, Almeida CMM, Van Egmond HP. 2010. Occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in baby foods in Portugal. Anal Methods. 3:22–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andradel PD, Dantas RR, De Moura-Alves TLD, Caldas ED. 2017. Determination of multi-mycotoxins in cereals and of total fumonisins in maize products using isotope labeled internal standard and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with positive ionization. J Chromator A. 1490:138–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder EM, Tan LM, Chin LJ, Handl J, Richard J. 2007. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 137(3–4):265–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brera C, Debegnach F, De Santis B, Pannunzi E, Berdini C, Prantera E, Gregori E, Miraglia M. 2011. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in baby foods and paprika by HPLC with fluorescence detection: a single-laboratory validation study. Talanta. 83:1442–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calori-Domingues MA, Bernardi CM, Nardin MS, De Souza GV, Dos Santos FG, Stein Mde A, Gloria EM, Dias CT, De Camargo AC. 2016. Co-occurrence and distribution of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 9:142–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappozzo J, Jackson L, Lee HJ, Zhou W, Al-Taher F, Zweigenbaum J, Ryu D. 2017. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in infant foods in the United States. J Food Prot. 80:251–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Code of Federal Regulations 2011. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 - definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit-revision 1.11. [accessed 2018 March 5]. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol23/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol23-part136-appB.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Codex Alimentarius. 1995. Codex General Standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed, Codex Standard 193-1995, Adopted 1995. Revised 1997, 2006, 2008, 2009. Amended 2010, 2012. Rome (Italy): Codex Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte SC, Lino CM, Pena A. 2010. Mycotoxin food and feed regulation and the specific case of ochratoxin A: a review of the worldwide status. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 27:1440–1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA CONTAM Panel (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain). 2013. Scientific opinion on the risks for public health related to a possible increase of the maximum level of deoxynivalenol for certain semi-processed cereal products. Efsa J. 11(12):3490, 56. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3490
   Google Scholar
• European Commision. 2006. Commission Regulation 2006/1881/EC of 19 December 2006 replacing Regulation (EC) 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Oj L 364/5-24. 20(12):2006.
   Google Scholar
• FDA. 2001. Guidance for industry: fumonisin levels in human foods and animal feeds; final guidance [accessed 2018 March 29]. http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/ChemicalContaminantsMetalsNaturalToxinsPesticides/ucm109231.htm.
   Google Scholar
• FDA. 2005. Cpg sec. 555.400 foods - adulteration with aflatoxin [accessed 2018 March 29]. http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074555.htm.
   Google Scholar
• FDA. 2010. Guidance for industry and FDA: advisory levels for deoxynivalenol (DON) in finished wheat products for human consumption and grains and grain by-products used for animal feed [accessed 2018 March 29]. http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/ChemicalContaminantsMetalsNaturalToxinsPesticides/ucm120184.htm In: Rockville (MD).
   Google Scholar
• FDA. 2016a. Total diet study. Last updated: 3/10/2017 [accessed 2018 March 29]. https://www.fda.gov/food/foodscienceresearch/totaldietstudy/default.htm.
   Google Scholar
• FDA. 2016b. FDA compliance program guidance manual. Chapter 07 - Molecular Biology and Natural Toxins. [accessed 2018 March 5]. http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170404002445/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/ComplianceEnforcement/UCM073294.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Flannery B, Adueya A, Smegal D. 2017. Trends in total aflatoxins concentrations in domestic and import corn and peanut. Compliance and Surveillance Samples Collected and Analyzed by the US FDA 2010 to 2014. Society of Toxicology.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 1993. IARC monographs of the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Volume 56. Some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. Aflatoxins. France: International Agency for Cancer Research.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 2002. IARC monographs of the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Volume 82. Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene. Fumonisin B1. France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 2012. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 100F. Chemical agents and related occupations. Aflatoxins. France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Joint FAO/WHO. 2015. March 16-20 Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, 38th Session Geneva, Switzerland, 6-11 July 2015, Report of the ninth session of the CODEX committee on contaminants in foods, New Delhi (India) 2015. [accessed 2018 March 5]. www.fao.org/input/download/report/923/REP15_CFe.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Juan C, Raiola A, Manes J, Ritieni A. 2014. Presence of mycotoxin in commercial infant formulas and baby foods from Italian market. Food Control. 39:227–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushiro M. 2008. Effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 9:2127–2145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HJ, Ryu D. 2017. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-derived food products: public health perspectives of their co-occurrence. J Agric Food Chem. 65:7034–7051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makun HA, Dutton MF, Njobeh PB, Mwanza M, Kabiru AY. 2011. Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res. 27:97–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pestka JJ. 2010. Deoxynivalenol: mechanisms of action, human exposure, and toxicological relevance. Arch Toxicol. 84:663–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Font G, Berrada H. 2013 Nov. Exposure estimates to fusarium mycotoxins through cereals intake. Chemosphere. 93:2297–2303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscoe V, Lombaert GA, Huzel V, Neumann G, Melietio J, Kitchen D, Kotello S, Krakalovich T, Trelka R, Scott PM. 2008. Mycotoxins in breakfast cereals from the Canadian retail market: a 3-year survey. Food Addit Contam A. 25:347–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MC, Madec S, Coton E, Hymery N. 2016. Natural co-occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds and their in vitro combined toxicological effects. Toxins. 8:94–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney MJ, Dobson ADW. 1998. Mycotoxin production by aspergillus, fusarium and penicillium species. Int J Food Microbio. 43:141–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas RG, Pehrsson PR, Ahuja JKC, Smieja E, Miller KB. 2013. Recent trends in ready-to-eat breakfast cereals in the U.S. Procedia Food Science. 2:20–26.
   Google Scholar
• Torović L, Trajković Pavlović L, Popović M. 2017. Ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 in breakfast cereals marketed in Serbia – occurrence and health risk characterisation. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B. 10(3):176–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trucksess MW, Cho TH, Ready DE. 2000. Liquid chromatographic method for fumonisin B1 in sorghum syrup and corn-based breakfast cereals. Food Addit Contam. 17:161–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal A, Marin S, Ramos AJ, Cano-Sancho G, Sanchis V. 2013. Determination of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in wheat and oat based bran supplements sold in the Spanish market. Food Chem Toxicol. 53:133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Technical Report Series, No. 959. 2011. Evaluation of certain contaminants in food (Seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Geneva; [accessed 2018 March 5]:[37–48 p.]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44514/1/WHO_TRS_959_eng.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Yazar S, Omurtag GZ. 2008. Fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals. Int J Mol Sci. 9:2062–2090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang K, Schaab MR, Southwood G, Tor ER, Aston LS, Song W, Eitzer B, Majumdar S, Lapainis T, Mai H, et al. 2017. A collaborative study: determination of mycotoxins in corn, peanut butter, and wheat flour using Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Agric Food Chem. 65:7138–7152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar