References
- Aarnio, T. 2006. “Challenges in Packaging Waste Management: A Case Study in the Fast Food Industry.” A doctoral diss., Lappeenranta University of Technology. ISBN 952-214-238-7.
- Alasuutari, P. 1994. Laadullinen tutkimus [The Origin of the Qualitative Research]. Tampere: Vastapaino.
- Alhola, K. 2012. “Environmental Criteria in Public Procurement. Focus on Tender Documents.” A doctoral diss., Aalto University. ISBN 978-952-93-1135-4.
- Ammenberg, J., and E. Sundin. 2005. “Products in Environmental Management Systems: Drivers, Barriers and Experiences.” Journal of Cleaner Production 13: 405–415.10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.005
- BBC. 2014. Ivory Coast Tackling Its Toxic Mobile Waste Problem. Accessed November 7, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29840110
- Bergman, B., and B. Klefsjö. 1994. Quality from Consumer Needs to Customer Satisfaction. Lund: Studentlitteratur. ISBN 91-44-46331-6.
- Bosquet, B. 2000. “Environmental Tax Reform: Does It Work? A Survey of the Empirical Evidence.” Ecological Economics 34: 19–32.10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00173-7
- Buchert, M., A. Manhart, D. Bleher, and D. Pingel. 2012. “Recycling Critical Raw Materials from Waste Electronic Equipment.” Report by Oeko-Institut. Commissioned by the North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection.
- Clarkson, P. M., Y. Li, G. D. Richardson, and F. P. Vasvari. 2011. “Does it Really Pay to Be Green? Determinants and Consequences of Proactive Environmental Strategies.” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 30: 122–144.10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2010.09.013
- Cornwall, A., and R. Jewkes. 1995. “What is Participatory Research?” Social Science & Medicine 41 (12): 1667–1676.
- Cui, J., and E. Forssberg. 2003. “Mechanical Recycling of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment: A Review.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 99: 243–263.10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00061-X
- Denzin, N. K., and Y. S. Lincoln. 2009. Qualitative Research. Yogyakarta: PustakaPelajar.
- De Pelsmacker, P., L. Driesen, and G. Rayp. 2005. “Do Consumers Care about Ethics? Willingness to Pay for Fair-trade Coffee.” Journal of Consumer Affairs 39 (2): 363–385.10.1111/joca.2005.39.issue-2
- Directive 2002/95/EC. Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS). Accessed November 4, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32002L0095&from=EN
- Directive 2002/96/EC. Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Accessed November 2, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32002L0096&from=EN
- Directive 2008/98/EC. Directive on Waste. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/
- Directive 94/62/EC. Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste. Accessed November 2, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31994L0062&from=EN
- EC. 2014. Defining ‘critical’ Raw Materials. Accessed November 7, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htm
- Ekroos, A., A. Kumpula, K. Kuusiniemi, and P. Vihervuori. 2010. Ympäristöoikeuden pääpiirteet [The Origin of the Basics of the Environmental Law]. Helsinki: WSOY. ISBN 978-951-0-36128-3.
- EPA. 2012. “Wastes – Resource Conservation – Common Wastes and Materials – eCycling.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed September 3, 2013. http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/rules.htm
- Eskola, J., and J. Suoranta. 1998. Johdatus laadulliseen tutkimukseen [The Origin of the Introduction to Qualitative Research]. Tampere: Vastapaino.
- EUinsight. 2011. Rare Earth Minerals and Other Raw Materials. Accessed July 1, 2015. http://www.euintheus.org/resources-learning/eu-insight/december-2011-rare-earth-minerals-and-other-raw-materials/
- eWaste. 2009. Hazardous Substances in e-waste. Accessed September 3, 2013. http://ewasteguide.info/node/219
- Fairphone. 2014. Accessed February 24, 2014. http://www.fairphone.com/
- Fawa, J. A. 2006. “Will the Next 10 years Be as Productive an Advancing Life Cycle Approaches as the Last 15 Years.” International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11 (1): 6–8.
- Fiksel, J. 2009. Design for Environment. A Guide to Sustainable Product Development, 410 p. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978 0-07-160556-4.
- Finnish Waste Act (646/2011).
- Gartner. 2012. Accessed December 10, 2012. http://www.gartner.com/technology/home.jsp
- Gartner. 2013a. “Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Declined 1.7 Percent in 2012.” Press Release 13.2.2013. Accessed September 3, 2013. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2335616
- Gartner. 2013b. “Gartner Says Smartphone Sales Grew 46.5 Percent in Second Quarter of 2013 and Exceeded Feature Phone Sales for First Time.” Press Release 14.8.2013. Accessed September 3, 2013. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2573415
- Gay, D., S. V. Hoa, and S. W. Tsai. 2003. Composite materials, Design and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC. ISBN 1-58716-084-6.
- Giljum, S., A. Behrens, F. Hinterberg, C. Lutz, and B. Meyer. 2008. “Modelling Scenarios towards a Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Europe.” Environmental Science & Policy 11: 204–216.
- GreenSCOR. 2013. Intorduction to GreenSCOR. Accessed September 6, 2013. http://supply-chain.org/scor-11.0-section-5
- Hagelüken, C., and C. W. Corti. 2010. “Recycling of Gold from Electronics: Cost-effective Use through ‘Design for Recycling’.” Gold Bulletin 43 (3): 209–220.10.1007/BF03214988
- Hagiwara, Y., and H. Suzuki. 2000. “Fracture Mechanics.” Azo Materials. Accessed February 24, 2014. http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=4845
- Harding, R. ed. 1998. Environmental Decision-making: The Roles of Scientists, Engineers, and the Public. Sydney: Federation Press. ISBN 1 86287 279 1.
- Hiltunen, M. 2004. Economic Environmental Policy Instruments in Finland. Helsinki: Edita Prima.
- Hollo, E. J. 2009. Johdatus ympäristöoikeuteen [The Origin of the Introduction to Finnish Environmental Legislation]. Helsinki: Talentum. ISBN 978-952-14-1372-8.
- Jordan, A., R. K. Wurzel and A. R. Zito. 2003. “Has governance eclipsed government? Patterns if environmental instrument selection and use in eight states and the EU.” CSERGE Working Paper EDM 03-15.
- Kiker, G. A., T. S. Bridges, A. Varghese, T. P. Seager, and I. Linkov. 2005. “Application of Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Environmental Decision Making.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 1 (2): 95–108.10.1897/IEAM_2004a-015.1
- Konar, S., and M. A. Cohen. 2001. “Does the Market Value Environmental Performance?” Review of Economics and Statistics 83 (2): 281–289.10.1162/00346530151143815
- Kuusiniemi, K., A. Ekroos, J. Leinonen, K. Marttinen, and E. Siitari-Vanne, ed. 2001. Uusi ympäristönsuojelulainsäädäntö [The Origin of the New Environmental Protection Legislation]. Helsinki: Edita. ISBN 951-37-3129-4 (in Finnish).
- Kuusiniemi, K., J. Leinonen, K. Marttinen, J. Salila, and E. Siitari-Vanne, ed. 2007. Ympäristönsuojelulainsäädäntö [The Origin of the Environmental Protection Legislation]. Helsinki: Edita. ISBN 978-951-37-4669-8.
- LaFollette, H., ed. 2000. The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Macaulay, A. C., E. Sirett, and P. L. Bush. 2011. Community-based Participatory Research. Oxford: The Oxford University Press.
- Meadows, D., D. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. W. Behrens III. 1972. The Limits to Growth. New York: Universe Books. ISBN 0-87663-165-0.
- Metso. 2014. Mobile Crusher for Demanding Primary Crushing of Hard Rock and Recycle Materials. Accessed November 7, 2014. http://www.metso.com/miningandconstruction/mm_crush.nsf/WebWID/WTB-041103-2256F-30FE7?OpenDocument#.VFyhREhCXNs
- Moors, E. H., K. F. Mulder, and P. J. Vergragt. 2005. “Towards Cleaner Production: Barriers and Strategies in the Base Metals Producing Industry.” Journal of Cleaner Production 13: 657–668.10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.010
- Olson, M., and H. H. Landsberg, ed. 1975. The No-growth Society. London: Woburn Press. ISBN 0 7130 0136 4.
- Pajunen, N. 2011. “By-products of the Heavy Industry – Drivers, Barriers and the Business Opportunities.” The Licentiate Thesis, Aalto University.
- Pajunen, N., G. Watkins, M. Wierink, and K. Heiskanen. 2012. “Drivers and Barriers of Effective Industrial Material Use.” Minerals Engineering 29: 39–46.10.1016/j.mineng.2011.12.008
- Peattie, K. and M. Charter. 1997. “Green Marketing” Chap. 28 in The Marketing Book, edited by M. J. Baker, 726–756. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-5536-4.
- Phonebloks. 2014. Accessed May 16, 2014. https://phonebloks.com/en/about
- ProDOE. 2010. Research Project Pro-environmental Product Planning in a Dynamic Operational Environment Now and in Future – Methods and Tools (ProDOE), 2007–2010. Funded by Academy of Finland.
- Rebitzer, G., T. Ekvall, R. Frischknecht, D. Hunkeler, G. Norris, T. Rydberg, and D. W. Pennington. 2004. “Life Cycle Assessment: Part 1: Framework, Goal and Scope Definition, Inventory Analysis, and Applications.” Environment international 30 (5): 701–720.
- Reuter, M. A., A. van Schaik, O. Ignatenko, and G. J. De Haan. 2006. “Fundamental Limits for the Recycling of End-of-life Vehicles.” Minerals Engineering 19 (5): 433–449.10.1016/j.mineng.2005.08.014
- Ruukki. 2014. Future Coatings are Both Functional and Smart. Accessed May 22, 2014. http://www.ruukki.com/news-and-events/news-archive/2014/future-coatings-are-both-functional-and-smart
- Salmi, O. H. 2008. “Science, Sulphur and Sustainability: Environmental Strategies of Mining in the Russian Kola Peninsula.” A doctoral diss., Helsinki University of Technology.
- Schaper, M., ed. 2012. Making Ecopreneurs: Developing Sustainable Entrepreneurship. Farnham: Gower Publishing.
- Sinding, K. 2000. “Environmental Management Beyond the Boundaries of the Firm: Definitions and Constraints.” Business Strategy and the Environment 9: 79–91.10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0836
- Smartphones by Samsung. 2013. Accessed January 22, 2013. http://www.samsung.com/au/smartphone/galaxy-tab/features.html
- Tuncuk, A., V. Stazi, A. Akcil, E. Y. Yazici, and H. Deveci. 2012. “Aqueous Metal Recovery Techniques from e-scrap: Hydrometallurgy in Recycling.” Minerals Engineering 25: 28–37.10.1016/j.mineng.2011.09.019
- UNEP Life Cycle Management. 2007. “Life Cycle Management. A Business Guide to Sustainability.” United Nations Environment Programme Reports. Accessed April 1, 2014. http://www.unep.org/pdf/dtie/DTI0889PA.pdf
- UNEP Metal Recycling. 2013. “Metal Recycling – Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure.” United Nations Environment Programme Reports. Accessed December 17, 2013. http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metal_Recycling-FullReport_36dpi_130710.pdf
- Vachon, S., and R. D. Klassen. 2008. “Environmental Management and Manufacturing Performance: The Role of Collaboration in the Supply Chain.” International Journal of Production Economics 111 (2): 299–315. Special Section on Sustainable Supply Chain. ISSN 0925-5273.10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.11.030
- Vehmas, J. 2005. “Energy-related Taxation as an Environmental Policy Tool – The Finnish Experience 1990–2003.” Energy Policy 33: 2175–2182.10.1016/j.enpol.2004.04.015
- VTT Technology 60. 2012. Directions of Future Developments in Waste Recycling. Accessed April 8, 2014. http://www.syke.fi/en-US/SYKE_Info/Communications_material/Press_releases/Towards_better_recovery_of_waste_resourc%283371%29
- Waste Tax Act (1126/2010).
- WEEE. 2014. Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment. Accessed November 4, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm
- World Trade Report. 2014. Accessed November 7, 2014. http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report10_e.pdf
- Yang, Y., R. Boom, B. Irion, D.-J. van Heerden, P. Kuiper, and H. de Wit. 2012. “Recycling of Composite Materials.” Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 51: 53–68.10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007