Regulating window operations using HVAC terminal devices’ control sequences: a simulation-based investigation

Reference

• Ackerly, K., L. Baker, and G. Brager. 2011. Summary Report: Window use in Mixed-Mode Buildings: A Literature Review, Center for Built Environment, Berkeley, California, Apr. 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ackerly, K., and G. Brager. 2013. “Window Signalling Systems: Control Strategies and Occupant Behaviour.” Building Research and Information 41 (3): 342–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, R. V., J. Toftum, K. K. Andersen, and B. W. Olesen. 2009. “Survey of Occupant Behaviour and Control of Indoor Environment in Danish Dwellings.” Energy and Buildings 41 (1): 11–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASHRAE Guideline 36-2018. High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
   Google Scholar
• ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2020: International Green Construction Code. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
   Google Scholar
• ASHRAE Standard 55-2017: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
   Google Scholar
• ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019. Energy Standards for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, J., Y. Chartier, C. L. Pessoa-Silva, P. Jensen, Y. Li, and W. H. Seto. 2009. Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Healthcare Settings. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Axley, J., and S. Emmerich. 2002. “A Method to Assess the Suitability of a Climate for Natural Ventilation of Commercial Buildings.” International Conference on Indoor Air quality and Climate, California.
   Google Scholar
• Belleri, A., M. Avantaggiato, and R. Lollini. 2017. “Ventilative Cooling in Shopping Centers’ Retrofit: The Mercado Del Val Case Study.” 8th International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, Turin, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Brackley, C., W. O’Brien, C. Trudel, and J. Bursill. 2021. “The in-Situ Implementation of a Feature-Rich Thermostat: A Building Engineering and Human Factors Approach to Improve Perceived Control in Offices.” Building and Environment 199: 107884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brager, G. 2006. “Mixed-Mode Cooling.” ASHRAE Journal, vol. 48, 30–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brager, G., P. Alspach, and D. H. Nall. Feb. 2011. “Natural vs. Mechanical Ventilation and Cooling.” RSES Journal, 18–22.
   Google Scholar
• Brager, G., and L. Baker. 2009. “Occupant Satisfaction in Mixed-Mode Buildings.” Building Research and Information 37 (4): 369–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brager, G., S. Borgeson, and Y. Lee. 2017. Summary Report: Control Strategies for Mixed-Mode Buildings, Center for the Built Environment, Berkeley, California, Oct. 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 2019. Available online: https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/codes-canada/codes-development-process/canadian-commission-building-fire-codes. [Accessed on 23 Nov, 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Canadian weather energy and engineering data sets (CWEEDS files) and Canadian weather for energy calculation (CWEC files), Meteorological Services of Canada (MSC). 2021. Available online: http://climate.weather.gc.ca/prods_servs/engineering_e.html. [Accessed on 14 May, 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Cao, Y., S. Pan, Y. Liu, H. Yu, X. Wang, L. Chang, M. Ni, and H. Liu. 2022. “The Window Opening Behaviour of Infant Families: A Case Study During Transition Season in the Cold Region of China.” Energy and Buildings 254: 111588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., L. K. Norford, H. W. Samuelson, and A. Malkawi. 2018. “Optimal Control of HVAC and Window Systems for Natural Ventilation through Reinforcement Learning.” Energy and Buildings 169: 195–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Z. Tong, and A. Malkawi. 2017. “Investigating Natural Ventilation Potentials Across the Globe: Regional and Climatic Variations.” Building and Environment 122: 386–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Z. Tong, W. Wu, H. Samuelson, A. Malkawi, and L. Norford. 2019. “Achieving Natural Ventilation Potential in Practice: Control Schemes and Levels of Automation.” Applied Energy 235: 1141–1152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vecchi, R., C. Candido, R. de Dear, and R. Lamberts. 2017. “Thermal Comfort in Office Buildings: Findings from a Field Study in Mixed-Mode and Fully-Air Conditioning Environments under Humid Subtropical Conditions.” Building and Environment 123: 672–683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Oca, S., H. B. Gunay, S. Gilani, and W. O’Brien. 2019. “Critical Review and Illustrative Examples of Office Occupant Modelling Formalisms.” Building Services Engineering Research Technology 40 (6): 732–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutton, S., and L. Shao. 2010. “Window Opening Behaviour in a Naturally Ventilated School.” Proceedings of 4th National Conference of IBPSA, vol. 1, 260–268.
   Google Scholar
• EnergyPlus (Version 9.3), 2020. Building Technologies Office of U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE). Available Online: https://energyplus.net/[Accessed on 14 May, 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Energy Use Data Handbook Tables, Natural Resources Canada, [Online]. Available: https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/menus/trends/handbook/tables.cfm.
   Google Scholar
• Engineering References (Version 9.3), 2020. Building Technologies Office of U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE). Available Online: https://energyplus.net/[Accessed on 14 May, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Erhorn, H. 1988. “Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Inhabitants’ Behaviour in Dwellings with Mechanical Ventilation.” Energy and Buildings 11 (1–3): 267–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabi, V., R. V. Andersen, S. Corgnati, and B. W. Olesen. 2012. “Occupants’ Window Opening Behaviour: A Literature Review of Factors Influencing Occupant Behaviour and Models.” Building and Environment 58: 188–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilani, S., and W. O’Brien. 2019. “Exploring the Impact of Office Building Users’ Modelling Approaches on Energy use Across Canadian Climates.” Energy and Buildings 197: 68–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomis, L. L., M. Fiorentini, and D. Daly. 2021. “Potential and Practical Management of Hybrid Ventilation in Buildings.” Energy Buildings 231: 110597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunay, H. B., W. O’Brien, and I. Beausoleil-Morrison. 2016. “Implementation and Comparison of Existing Occupant Behaviour Models in EnergyPlus.” Journal of Building Performance Simulations 9 (no. 6): 567–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunay, H. B., W. O’Brien, I. Beausoleil-Morrison, and J. Bursill. 2018. “Development and Implementation of a Thermostat Learning Algorithm.” Science and Technology of Built Environment 24 (no. 1): 43–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldi, F. 2013. “A Probabilistic Model to Predict Building Occupants’ Diversity Towards their Interactions with the Building Envelope.” Proceedings of 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France.
   Google Scholar
• Haldi, F., and D. Robinson. 2009. “Interactions with Window Openings by Office Occupants.” Building and Environment 44 (12): 2378–2395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldi, F., and D. Robinson. 2011. “The Impact of Occupants’ Behaviour on Building Energy Demand.” Journal of Building Performance Simulations 4 (4): 323–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdaoui, S., M. Mahdaoui, A. Allouhi, R. El Alaiji, T. Kousksou, and A. El Bouardi. 2018. “Energy Demand and Environmental Impact of Various Construction Scenarios of an Office Building in Morocco.” Journal of Cleaner Production 188: 113–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdy, M., and G. M. Mauro. 2019. “Optimizing Hybrid Ventilation Control Strategies Toward Zero-Cooling Energy Building.” Frontier in Built Environment 0: 97.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, W., H. B. Gunay, and M. M. Ouf. May 2021. “Modelling Window and Thermostat use Behaviour to Inform Sequences of Operation in Mixed-Mode Ventilation Buildings.” Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 27 (9): 1204–1220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruejols, L., and D. Young. 2011. “Split Incentives and Energy Efficiency in Canadian Multi-Family Dwellings.” Energy Policy 39 (6): 3655–3668. Jun. 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melvin, J. 2018. “The Split Incentives Energy Efficiency Problem: Evidence of Underinvestment by Landlords.” Energy Policy 115: 342–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mhuireach, G. A., G. Z. Brown, J. Kline, D. Manandhar, M. Moriyama, D. Northcutt, I. Rivera, and K. V. D. Wymelenberg. 2020. “Lessons Learned from Implementing Night Ventilation of Mass in a Next-Generation Smart Building.” Energy Buildings 207: 109547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves, L. O., A. P. Melo, and L. L. Rodrigues. 2019. “Energy Performance of Mixed-Mode Office Buildings: Assessing Typical Construction Design Practices.” Journal of Cleaner Production 234: 451–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, W., and H. B. Gunay. 2014. “The Contextual Factors Contributing to Occupants’ Adaptive Comfort Behaviours in Offices - A Review and Proposed Modelling Framework.” Building and Environment 77: 77–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, W., H. B. Gunay, F. Tahmasebi, and A. Mahdavi. 2017. “A Preliminary Study of Representing the Inter-Occupant Diversity in Occupant Modelling.” Journal of Building Performance Simulations 10: 5–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouf, M. M., J. Y. Park, and H. B. Gunay. 2021. “A Simulation-Based Method to Investigate Occupant-Centric Controls.” Building Simulation 14: 1017–1030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psomas, T., M. Fiorentini, G. Kokogiannakis, and P. Heiselberg. 2017. “Ventilative Cooling through Automated Window Opening Control Systems to Address Thermal Discomfort Risk during the Summer Period: Framework, Simulation and Parametric Analysis.” Energy & Buildings 153: 18–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijal, H. B., M. A. Humphreys, and J. F. Nicol. 2008. “How do the Occupants Control the Temperature in Mixed-Mode Buildings? Predicting the use of Passive and Active Controls.” In. Proceedings of the Conference: Air Conditioning and the Low Carbon Cooling Challenge, Windsor, London.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe, D. 2003. “A Study of a Mixed Mode Environment in 25 Cellular Offices at the University of Sydney.” International Journal of Ventilation 1 (4): 53–64.
   Google Scholar
• Salcido, J. C., A. Abdul, and R. R. A. Issa. 2016. “From Simulation to Monitoring: Evaluating the Potential of Mixed-Mode Ventilation (MMV) Systems for Integrating Natural Ventilation in Office Buildings through a Comprehensive Literature Review.” Energy and Buildings 127: 1008–1018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuss, M., A. Balmus, F. Tahmasebi, and A. Mahdavi. 2019. “Comparison of Measured and Calculated Air Changes due to Single-Sided Window Openings - a Case Study.” Applied Mechanics and Material 887: 492–499.
   Google Scholar
• Song, J., X. Huang, D. Shi, W. E. Lin, S. Fan, and P. F. Linden. 2021. “Natural Ventilation in London: Towards Energy-Efficient and Healthy Buildings.” Building and Environment 195: 107722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner, R. A., G. P. Henze, and S. Pless. 2013. “Optimized Control of Automatic Windows for Energy Savings and Occupant Comfort.” ASHRAE Transactions 119: 274–287.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, Z., Y. Chen, A. Malkawi, Z. Liu, and R. B. Freeman. 2016. “Energy Saving Potential of Natural Ventilation in China: The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution.” Applied Energy 179: 660–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., and S. Greenberg. 2015. “Window Operation and Impacts on Building Energy Consumption.” Energy and Buildings 92: 313–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., Y. Wang, R. Zeng, R. S. Srinivasan, and S. Ahrentzen. 2018. “Random Forest-Based Hourly Building Energy Prediction.” Energy and Buildings 171: 11–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wouters, P., N. Heijmans, C. Delmotte, and L. Vandaele. 1999. “Classification of Hybrid Ventilation Concepts, Proceedings of the 21st AIVC Conference, Sydney, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Yun, G., and K. Steemers. 2008. “Time-dependent Occupant Behaviour Models of Window Control in Summer.” Building and Environment 43: 1471–1482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., K. P. Lam, B. E. Ydstie, and V. Loftness. 2016. “Occupant-oriented Mixed-Mode EnergyPlus Predictive Control Simulation.” Energy and Buildings 117: 362–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar