Using education assistants to help pave the road to literacy: Supporting oral language, letter-sound knowledge and phonemic awareness in the pre-primary year

References

• Allor , J. , Gansle , K. and Denny , R. 2006 . The Stop and Go phonemic awareness game: Providing modeling, practice and feedback . Preventing School Failure , 50 : 23 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Archer , A. , Gleason , M. and Vachon , V. 2003 . Decoding and fluency: Foundation skills for struggling older readers . Learning Disabilities Quarterly , 26 : 89 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett , E. and Hammond , L. 2008 . Early childhood education of children with specific language impairments . Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties , 13 : 145 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , I. and McKeown , M. 2007a . Increasing young low-income children's oral vocabulary repertoires through rich and focused instruction . Elementary School Journal , 107 : 251 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , I. and McKeown , M. 2007b . “ Different ways for different goals, but keep your eye on the higher verbal goals ” . In Vocabulary acquisition: Implications for reading acquisition , Edited by: Wagner , R. , Muse , A. and Tannenbaum , K. 182 – 204 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , I. , McKeown , M. and Kucan , L. 2008 . Creating robust vocabulary: Frequently asked questions and extended examples , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bishop , D. and Adams , C. 1990 . A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 31 : 1027 – 1050 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowyer-Crane , C. , Snowling , M. , Duff , F. , Fieldsend , E. , Carroll , J. Miles , J. 2008 . Improving early language and literacy skills: Differential effects of an oral language versus a phonology with reading intervention . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 49 : 422 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownell , R. 2000 . Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test – 2000 Edition , Novato, CA : Academic Therapy Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , J. and Snowling , M. 2004 . Language and phonological skills in children at high risk of reading difficulties . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45 : 631 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catts , H. , Adlof , S. and Weismer , S. 2006 . Language deficits in poor comprehenders: A case for the simple view of reading . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 49 : 278 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catts , H. , Fey , M. , Tomblin , J. and Zhang , X. 2002 . A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 45 : 1142 – 1157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catts , H. and Vertiainen , T. 1993 . Sounds abound: Listening, rhyming and reading , East Moline, IL : Linguisystems .
   Google Scholar
• Chatterji , M. 2006 . Reading achievement gaps, correlates, and moderators of early reading achievement: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) kindergarten to first grade sample . Journal of Educational Psychology , 98 : 489 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corriveau , K. , Pasquini , E. and Goswami , U. 2007 . Basic auditory processing skills and specific language impairment: A new look at an old hypothesis . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 50 : 647 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne , M. , McCoach , D. and Kapp , S. 2007 . Vocabulary interventions for kindergarten students: Comparing extended instruction to embedded instruction and incidental exposure . Learning Disabilities Quarterly , 30 : 74 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos , M. 2005 . Effective strategies for the teaching of reading: What works and why . Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities , 10 ( 3&4 ) : 11 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Duff , F. , Fieldsend , E. , Bowyer-Crane , C. , Hulme , C. , Smith , G. Gibbs , G. 2008 . Reading with vocabulary intervention: Evaluation of an instruction for children with poor response to reading intervention . Journal of Research in Reading , 31 : 319 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , L. and Seymour , P. 2000 . Socio-economic differentiation in foundation-level literacy . British Journal of Psychology , 91 : 145 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , L. M. and Dunn , L. M. 1997 . Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test , 3rd edn. , Bloomington, MN : Pearson Assessments .
   Google Scholar
• Ehri , L. , Nunes , S. , Willows , D. , Schuster , B. , Yaghoub-Zadeh , Z. and Shanahan , T. 2001 . Phonemic awareness instruction helps children learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's meta-analysis . Reading Research Quarterly , 36 : 250 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding-Barnsley , R. 2000 . Beginning reading instruction: Towards levelling the playing field . Journal of Australian Research in Early Childhood Education , 7 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Flax , J. , Realpe-Bonilla , T. , Hirsch , L. , Brzustowicz , L. , Bartlett , C. and Tallal , P. 2003 . Specific language impairment in families: Evidence for co-occurrence with reading impairments . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 46 : 530 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galbraith , C. 2008 . Using Ants in the Apple in early childhood intervention settings . Special Education Perspectives , 17 : 3 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Giangreco , M. , Edelman , S. and Broer , S. 2001 . Respect, appreciation and acknowledgment of paraprofessionals who support students with disabilities . Exceptional Children , 67 : 485 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilger , J. and Wise , S. 2004 . “ Genetic correlates of language and literacy impairments ” . In Handbook of language and literacy: Development and disorders , Edited by: Stone , C. , Silliman , E. , Ehren , B. and Apel , K. New York : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Good , R. H. and Kaminski , R. A. 2002 . Dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills , 6th ed. Retrieved 19 March, 2007, from http://dibels.uoregon.edu
   Google Scholar
• Gough , P. and Tunmer , W. 1986 . Decoding, reading and reading disability . Remedial and Special Education , 7 : 6 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher , P. J. , Goetz , K. , Snowling , M. J. , Hulme , C. , Gibbs , S. and Smith , G. 2006 . Evidence for the effectiveness of the Early Literacy Support programme . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 76 : 351 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay , I. , Elias , G. , Fielding-Barnsley , R. , Homel , R. and Freiberg , K. 2007 . Language delays, reading delays, and learning difficulties: Interactive elements requiring multidimensional programming . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 40 : 400 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay , I. and Fielding-Barnsley , R. 2009 . Competencies that underpin children's transition into early literacy . Australian Journal of Language and Literacy , 32 : 148 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , S. 2004 . Privileged literacy in preschool . Australian Journal of Language and Literacy , 27 : 159 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Hindson , B. , Byrne , B. , Fielding-Barnsley , R. , Newman , C. and Hine , D. 2005 . Assessment and early instruction of pre-school children at risk for reading disability . Journal of Educational Psychology , 97 : 687 – 704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintze , J. M. , Ryan , A. L. and Stoner , G. 2003 . Concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing . School Psychology Review , 32 : 541 – 556 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Invernizzi , M. , Sullivan , A. , Meier , J. and Swank , L. 2004 . Phonological awareness literacy screening Pre-K [Assessment materials] , Richmond : University of Virginia .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , R. and Watson , J. 2004 . Accelerating the development of reading, spelling and phonemic awareness skills in initial readers . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 17 : 327 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Joshi , R. and Aaron , P. 2000 . The component model of reading: Simple view of reading made a little more complex . Reading Psychology , 21 : 85 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Justice , L. and Kaderavek , J. 2004 . Embedded-explicit emergent literacy intervention I: Background and description of approach . Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools , 3 : 201 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaderavek , J. and Justice , L. 2004 . Embedded-explicit emergent literacy intervention II: Goal selection and implementation in the early childhood classroom . Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools , 35 : 212 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard , L. , Weismer , S. , Miller , C. , Francis , D. , Tomblin , J. and Kail , R. 2007 . Speed of processing, working memory and language impairment in children . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 50 : 408 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , S. 1998 . The phonics handbook: A handbook for teaching reading, writing and spelling , Chigwell, , Essex : Jolly Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Lokan , J. , Greenwood , L. and Cresswell , L. 2001 . 15-up and counting, reading, writing, reasoning: How literate are Australia's students? The PISA 2000 survey of students' reading, mathematical and scientific literacy skills , Camberwell, VIC : Australian Council for Educational Research .
   Google Scholar
• Lonigan , C. 2006 . Development, assessment and promotion of literacy skills . Early Education and Development , 17 : 91 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Lonigan , C. , Wagner , R. and Torgesen , J. 2007 . Test of preschool early literacy , Austin, TX : Pro-Ed .
   Google Scholar
• Louden , W. , Rohl , M. and Hopkins , S. 2008 . Teaching for growth: Effective teaching of literacy and numeracy , Perth, , WA : Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia .
   Google Scholar
• McArthur , G. , Hogben , J. , Edwards , V. , Heath , S. and Mengler , E. 2000 . On the “specifics” of specific reading disability and specific language impairment . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 41 : 869 – 874 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee , L. and Richgels , D. 2003 . Designing early literacy programs: Strategies for at-risk preschool and kindergarten children , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGuinness , D. 2004 . Early reading instruction: What science really tells us about how to teach reading , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGuinness , D. 2005 . Language development and learning to read: The scientific study of how language development affects reading skill , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Muter , V. , Hulme , C. , Snowling , M. and Stevenson , J. 2004 . Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: Evidence from a longitudinal study . Developmental Psychology , 40 : 665 – 681 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nation , K. , Snowling , M. and Clark , P. 2007 . Dissecting the relationship between language skills and learning to read: Semantic and phonological contributions to new vocabulary learning in children with poor reading comprehension . Advances in Speech-Language Pathology , 9 : 131 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• National Inquiry into the Teaching of Literacy . 2005 . Teaching reading: Report and recommendations , Canberra : Australian Government, Department of Education, Science and Training .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development . 2000 . Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction , Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Neuman , S. 2006 . “ The knowledge gap: Implications for early education ” . In Handbook of early literacy research , Edited by: Dickinson , D. and Neuman , S. Vol. 2 , 29 – 40 . New York : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ouellette , G. 2006 . What's meaning got to do with it? The role of vocabulary in word reading and reading comprehension . Journal of Educational Psychology , 98 : 554 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picker , K. 2006 . Phonological awareness: Prevention is better than cure . Practically Primary , 11 ( 3 ) : 17 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Reid , D. , Hresko , W. and Hammill , D. 2001 . Test of Early Reading Ability – Third Edition , Austin, , Texas : Prod-Ed .
   Google Scholar
• Rigg , D. 2007 . Preparing for the alphabet, reading and spelling: A phonemic awareness program , Nedlands, , Western Australia : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , J. and Scott , K. 2006 . The simple view of reading: Assessment and intervention . Topics in Language Disorders , 26 : 127 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohl , M. 2000 . “ Patterns of support: What do schools do to support children with difficulties in learning literacy? ” . In Mapping the territory: Primary school students with learning difficulties in literacy and numeracy , Edited by: Louden , W. , Chan , L. , Elkins , J. , Greaves , D. , House , H. Milton , M. Canberra : Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , J. 2006 . Independent review of the teaching of early reading , London : Department for Education and Skills .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , F. , Speece , D. and Cooper , D. 2002 . A longitudinal analysis of the connection between oral language and early reading . Journal of Educational Research , 95 : 259 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuelsson , S. , Byrne , B. , Quain , P. , Wadsworth , S. , Corley , R. DeFries , J. 2005 . Environmental and genetic influences on prereading skills in Australia, Scandinavia and the United States . Journal of Educational Psychology , 97 : 705 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santi , K. , Menchetti , M. and Edwards , B. 2004 . A comparison of eight kindergarten phonemic awareness programs based on empirically validated instructional principles . Remedial and Special Education , 25 : 189 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarborough , H. 2005 . “ Developmental relationships between language and reading: Reconciling a beautiful hypothesis with some ugly facts ” . In The connections between language and reading disabilities , Edited by: Catts , H. and Kamhi , A. 3 – 24 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Senechal , M. , Ouellette , G. P. and Rodney , D. 2006 . “ The misunderstood giant: On the predictive role of early vocabulary to future reading ” . In Handbook of early literacy research , Edited by: Dickinson , D. and Neuman , S. Vol2 , 173 – 184 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simkin , Z. and Conti-Ramsden , G. 2006 . Evidence of reading difficulty in subgroups of children with specific language impairment . Child Language, Teaching and Therapy , 22 : 315 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Simmons , D. , Kame'enui , E. , Harn , B. , Coyne , M. , Stoolmiller , M. Santoro , L. 2007 . Attributes of effective and efficient kindergarten reading intervention: An examination of instructional time and design specificity . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 40 : 331 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow C. Burns M. S. Griffin P. Preventing reading difficulties in young children Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children. Commission on Behavioural and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. National Academy Press Washington, DC 1998
   Google Scholar
• Snowling , M. J. 2005 . “ Literacy outcomes for children with oral language impairments: Developmental interactions between language skills and learning to read ” . In The connections between language and reading disabilities , Edited by: Catts , H. and Kamhi , A. 55 – 76 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Tomblin , J. , Records , N. , Buckwalter , P. , Zhang , X. , Smith , E. and O'Brien , M. 1997 . Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 40 : 1245 – 1260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn , S. , Hughes , M. , Moody , S. and Elbaum , B. 2001 . Instructional grouping for reading for students with LD: Implications for practice . Intervention in School and Clinic , 36 : 131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellutino , F. , Tunmer , W. , Jaccard , J. and Chen , R. 2006 . Components of reading ability: Multivariate evidence of a converging skills model of reading development . Scientific Studies of Reading , 11 : 3 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , R. K. , Torgesen , J. K. and Rashotte , C. A. 1999 . “ Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing ” . Austin, , Texas : Prod-Ed .
   Google Scholar
• Walley , A. , Metsala , J. and Garlock , V. 2003 . Spoken vocabulary growth: Its role in the development of phoneme awareness and early reading ability . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 16 : 5 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitehurst , G. and Lonigan , C. 1998 . Child development and emergent literacy . Child Development , 69 : 848 – 872 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig , E. , Secord , W. and Semel , E. 2006 . Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 , 2nd, Australian Standardised ed. , Sydney : Harcourt Assessment .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , C. 2006 . Teacher judgements of the language skills of children in the early years of schooling . Child Language Teaching and Therapy , 22 : 135 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Wise , J. , Sevcik , R. , Morris , R. , Lovett , M. and Wolf , M. 2007 . The relationship among receptive and expressive vocabulary, listening comprehension, pre-reading skills, word identification skills and reading comprehension by children with reading disabilities . Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 50 : 1093 – 1109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley , G. and Hay , I. 2007 . Reading intervention: The benefits of using trained tutors . Australian Journal of Language and Literacy , 30 : 9 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Wyse , D. and Goswami , U. 2008 . Synthetic phonics and the teaching of reading . British Educational Research Journal , 34 : 691 – 710 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubrick , S. , Silburn , S. , De Maio , J. , Shepherd , C. , Griffin , J. Dalby , R. 2006 . The Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey: Improving the educational experiences of Aboriginal children and young people , Perth : Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research .
   Google Scholar