370
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

“Swim with the Current, Stand like a Rock”: Non-Traditional Age Undergraduates Coping with Racial Microaggressions

&

References

  • Ancis, J. R., Sedlacek, W. E., & Mohr, J. J. (2000). Student perceptions of campus cultural climate by race. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 180–185. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02576.x
  • Bowl, M. (2001). Experiencing the barriers: Non-traditional students entering higher education. Research Papers in Education, 16(2), 141–160. doi:10.1080/02671520110037410
  • Brondolo, E., Brady, B., Pencille, M., Beatty, D., & Contrada, R. J. (2009). Coping with racism: A selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critique. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 64–88. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9193-0
  • Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352
  • Chappel-Aiken, A., Cervero, R. M., & Johnson-Bailey, J. (2001). Black women in nursing education completion programs: Issues affecting participation. Adult Education Quarterly, 51(4), 306–321. doi:10.1177/07417130122087313
  • Charleston, L. J., George, P. L., Jackson, J. F., Berhanu, J., & Amechi, M. H. (2014). Navigating underrepresented STEM spaces: Experiences of black women in U. S. computer science higher education programs who actualize success. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 7(3), 166–176. doi:10.1037/a0036632
  • Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–168.
  • Domingue, A. D. (2015). “Our leaders are just we ourself”: Black women college student leaders’ experiences with oppression and sources of nourishment on a predominantly White college campus. Equity and Excellence in Education, 48(3), 454–472. doi:10.1080/10665684.2015.1056713
  • Ellis, E. M. (2001). The impact of race and gender on graduate school socialization, satisfaction with doctoral study, and commitment to degree completion. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 25(1), 30–46.
  • Evans-Winters, V. E., & Esposito, J. (2010). Other people’s daughters: Critical race feminism and Black girls’ education. Educational Foundations, 24(1–2), 11–24.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 466–475. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466
  • Gildersleeve, R. E., Croom, N. N., & Vasquez, P. L. (2011). “Am I going crazy?!”: A critical race analysis of doctoral education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44(1), 93–114. doi:10.1080/10665684.2011.539472
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
  • Grier-Reed, T. L. (2010). The African American student network: Creating sanctuaries and counterspaces for coping with racial microaggressions in higher education settings. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 49(2), 181–188. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)2164-490X
  • Harris, J. C., Haywood, J. M., Ivery, S. M., & Shuck, J. R. (2015). “Yes, I am smart!”: Battling microaggressions as Women of Color doctoral students. In J. L. Martin (Ed.), Racial battle fatigue: Insights from the front lines of social justice advocacy (pp. 151–162). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
  • Jackson, L. R. (1998). The influence of both race and gender on the experiences of African American college women. The Review of Higher Education, 21(4), 359–375. doi:10.1353/rhe.1998.0009
  • Johnson-Bailey, J. (2001). Sistahs in college: Making a way out of no way. Malabar, FL: Krieger Press.
  • Kasworm, C. (2002). African American adult undergraduates: Differing cultural realities. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 50(1), 10–20. doi:10.1080/07377366.2002.10401191
  • Kuo, W. H. (1995). Coping with racial discrimination: The case of Asian Americans. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 18(1), 109–127. doi:10.1080/01419870.1995.9993856
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology (pp. 287–327). New York, NY: Plenum.
  • Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Browne Huntt, M. (2013). Coping with gendered racial microaggressions among Black women college students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51–73. doi:10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
  • Liang, C. T. H., Alvarez, A. N., Juang, L. P., & Liang, M. X. (2007). The role of coping in the relationship between perceived racism and racism related stress for Asian Americans: Gender differences. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(2), 132–141. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.132
  • Madriz, E. (2000). Focus groups in feminist research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 835–850). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Martin, J. L. (2015). Introduction. In J. L. Martin (Ed.), Racial battle fatigue: Insights from the front lines of social justice advocacy (pp. 16–22). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
  • Martínez Alemán, A. M. (2000). Race talks: Undergraduate Women of Color and female friendship. The Review of Higher Education, 23(2), 133–152. doi:10.1353/rhe.2000.0006
  • Michenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive behaviour modification. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 6(4), 185–192. doi:10.1080/16506073.1977.9626708
  • Michenbaum, D., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1988). Stress inoculation training. The Counseling Psychologist, 16(1), 69–90. doi:10.1177/0011000088161005
  • Museus, S. D., Sariñana, S. L., & Ryan, T. K. (2015). A qualitative examination of multiracial students’ coping responses to experiences with prejudice and discrimination in college. Journal of College Student Development, 56(4), 331–348. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0041
  • Nadal, K. L., Davidoff, K. C., Davis, L. S., Wong, Y., Marshall, D., Nadal, K. L., … Mckenzie, V. (2015). Qualitative psychology a qualitative approach to intersectional microaggressions: Understanding influences of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and religion a qualitative approach to intersectional microaggressions. Qualitative Psychology, 2(2), 147–163. doi:10.1037/qup0000026
  • Parker, L., & Lynn, M. (2002). What’s race got to do with it? Critical race theory’s conflicts with and connections to qualitative research methodology and epistemology. Qualitative Studies in Education, 8(7), 7–22.
  • Patton, L. (2006). The voice of reason: A qualitative examination of Black student perceptions of Black culture centers. Journal of College Student Development, 47(6), 628–646. doi:10.1353/csd.2006.0068
  • Pérez Huber, L. (2010). Using Latina/o critical race theory (LatCrit) and racist nativism to explore intersectionality in the educational experiences of undocumented Chicana college students. Educational Foundations, 24(1–2), 77–96.
  • Pope, R. L., Reynolds, A. L., & Mueller, J. A. (2014). Creating multicultural change on campus. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Ross-Gordon, J. M. (1998). Investigating the needs, concerns and utilization of services reported by minority adults at “Eastern University.” The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 46(3), 21–33. doi:10.1080/07377366.1998.10400353
  • Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2005). The adult Learner of Color: An overlooked college student population. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 53(2), 2–11. doi:10.1080/07377366.2005.10400064
  • Ross-Gordon, J. M., & Brown-Haywood, F. (2000). Keys to college success as seen through the eyes of African American adult students. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 48(3), 14–23. doi:10.1080/07377366.2000.10400410
  • Shorter-Gooden, K. (2004). Multiple resistance strategies: How African American women cope with racism and sexism. Journal of Black Psychology, 30(3), 406–425. doi:10.1177/0095798404266050
  • Shorter-Gooden, K., & Washington, C. N. (1996). Young, Black, and female: The challenge of weaving an identity. Journal of Adolescence, 19(5), 465–475. doi:10.1006/jado.1996.0044
  • Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 216–269. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216
  • Smith, W. A. (2008). Campus wide climate: Implications for African American students. In L. Tillman (Ed.), A handbook of African American education (pp. 297–309). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Snyder, T.D. & Dillow, S.A. (2015). Digest of Education Statistics 2013 (NCES 2015-011). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: Author.
  • Solórzano, D. G. (1998). Critical race theory, race, and gender microaggressions, and the experience of Chicana and Chicano scholars. Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1), 121–136. doi:10.1080/095183998236926
  • Solórzano, D. G., Ceja, M., & Yosso, T. (2000). Critical race theory, racial micro-aggressions, and campus racial climate: The experiences of African American college students. Journal of Negro Education, 69(1), 60–73.
  • Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2001). Critical race and LatCrit theory and method: Counter-storytelling. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 14(4), 471–495. doi:10.1080/09518390110063365
  • Sue, D. W. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., & Holder, A. M. B. (2008). Racial microaggressions in the life experience of Black Americans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(3), 329–336. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.39.3.329
  • Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
  • Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., Fitzgerald, D. C., & Bylsma, W. H. (2003). African American college students’ experiences with everyday racism: Characteristics of and responses to these incidents. Journal of Black Psychology, 29(1), 38–67. doi:10.1177/0095798402239228
  • Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 6, 2–30. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
  • Torres, L., Driscoll, M. W., & Burrow, A. L. (2010). Racial microaggressions and psychological fnctioning among highly achieving African-Americans: A mixed-methods approach. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(10), 1074–1099. doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.10.1074
  • Utsey, S. O., Ponterotto, J. G., Reynolds, A. L., & Cancelli, A. A. (2000). Racial discrimination, coping, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among African Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(1), 72–80. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02562.x
  • Vaccaro, A. (2005). Self-investment and Engagement of older women students: Uncovering connections to racial identity, gender, support, and motivation. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Denver, Denver Colorado.
  • Vaccaro, A. (2017). “Trying to act like racism is not there”: Women of Color at a predominantly white women’s college challenging dominant ideologies by exposing racial microaggressions. NASPA Journal about Women in Higher Education, 10, 262–280.
  • Vaccaro, A. & Camba-Kelsay, M. J. (2016). Centering women of color in academic counterspaces: A critical race analysis of teaching, learning, and classroom dynamics. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Vaccaro, A., & Lovell, C. D. (2010). Inspiration from home: Understanding family as key to non-traditional women’s undergraduate engagement. Adult Education Quarterly, 60(2), 161–176. doi:10.1177/0741713609336111
  • Wilkinson, S. (2004). Focus groups: A feminist method. In S. N. Hesse-Biber & M. L. Yasser (Eds.), Feminist perspectives on social research (pp. 271–295). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Wing, A. K. (2003). Critical race feminism: A reader (2nd ed. ed.). New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Yin, R. W. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
  • Yosso, T. J., Smith, W. A., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. G. (2009). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus racial climate for Latina/o undergraduates. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 659–690. doi:10.17763/haer.79.4.m6867014157m707l

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.