References
- Anatasopoulos, P. G. (1992). Tourism and attitude change: Greek tourists visiting Turkey. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 629–642. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(92)90058-W
- Andersson, T., & Getz, D. (2008). Stakeholder management strategies of festivals. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 9(3), 199–220. doi: 10.1080/15470140802323801
- Andrews, H., & Leopold, T. (2013). Events and the social sciences. London: Routledge.
- Atjelvevic, I., Pritchard, A., & Morgan, N. (2007). The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Oxford: Elsevier.
- Ayhob, N., Wahid, N. A., & Omar, A. (2013). Mediating effect of visitors' event experiences in relation to event features and post-consumption behaviours. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 14, 177–192. doi: 10.1080/15470148.2013.814037
- Baker, K., & Draper, J. (2013). Importance-Performance analysis of the attributes of a cultural festival. Journal of Convention & Event Touirsm, 14, 104–123. doi: 10.1080/15470148.2013.783772
- Banks, M. (2001). Visual methods in social research. London: Sage.
- Berridge, G. (2007). Event design and experience. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Bladen, C., Kennell, J., Abson, E., & Wilde, N. (2012). Events management; an introduction. Oxon: Routledge.
- Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Botterill, D. (2007). A realist critique of the situated voice in tourism studies. In I. Atjelvevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies (pp. 121–130). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Bowdin, G., Allen, J., O'Toole, W., Harris, R., & McDonnell, I. (2006). Events management (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Brislin, R. (2000). Understanding culture's influence on behaviour. Orlando: Harcourt College.
- Brown, S., & Hutton, A. (2013). Developments in the real time evaluation of audience behaviour at planned events. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 4(1), 43–55. doi: 10.1108/17582951311307502
- Bruner, E. M. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18, 238–250. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(91)90007-X
- Caton, K., Pastoor, C., Belhassen, Y., Collins, B., & Wallin, M. (2013). Christian music festival tourism and positive peace. The Journal of Tourism and Peace Research, 3(2), 21–42. Retrieved from www.icptr.com
- Cederholm, E. A. (2012). Photo-elicitation and the construction of tourist experiences; photographs as mediators in interviews. In T. Rakic & D. Chambers (Eds.), An introduction to visual research methods in tourism (pp. 92–107). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Chalcraft, J., Magauadda, P., Solaroli, M., & Santoro, M. (2011). Music festivals as cosmopolitan spaces. In European Commission (Ed.), European arts festivals: Strengthening cultural diversity (pp. 26–35). Brussels: European Union.
- Crompton, J. L., & McKay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 425–439. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80010-2
- D'Amore, L. J. (1988). Tourism – a vital force for peace. Tourism Management, 9(2), 151–154. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(88)90025-8
- Davies, C. A. (1999). Reflexive ethnography. London: Routledge.
- De Certeau, M. (1986). Heterologies: Discources on the other. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Delamere, T., Wankel, L., & Hinch, T. (2001). Development of a scale to measure resident attitudes toward the social impacts of community festivals: Part 1: Item generation and purification of the measure. Event Management, 7(1), 11–24. doi: 10.3727/152599501108751443
- Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Oxford: Capstone.
- Favero, P. (2007). What a wonderful world!': On the ‘touristic ways of seeing’, the knowledge and the politics of the ‘culture industries of otherness. Tourist Studies, 7(1), 51–81. doi: 10.1177/1468797607079804
- Foley, M., McGillivray, D., & McPherson, G. (2012). Event policy from theory to strategy. Oxon: Routledge.
- Fox, D., Gouthro, M., Morakabati, Y., & Brackstone, J. (2014). Doing event research; from theory to practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Fredline, E., Jago, L., & Deery, M. (2003). The development of a generic scale to measure the social impacts of events. Event Management, 8(1), 23–37. doi: 10.3727/152599503108751676
- Garlick, S. (2002). Revealing the unseen, tourism Art and photography. Cultural Studies, 16(2), 289–305. doi: 10.1080/09502380110107599
- Gearing, F. O. (1973). Where we are and where we might go: Steps toward a general theory of cultural transmission. Council on Anthropology and Education Newsletter, 4(1), 1–10, American Anthropological Association. doi: 10.1525/aeq.1973.4.1.05x0119o
- Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution and research. Tourism Management, 29, 403–428. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017
- Getz, D. (2010). The nature and scope of festival studies. International Journal of Event Management Research, 5(1), 1–47.
- Getz, D. (2012). Event studies (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Gibbs, D., & Ritchie, C. (2010). Theatre in restaurants: Constructing the experience. In M. Morgan, P. Lugosi, & J. R. B. Ritchie (Eds.), The tourism and leisure experience: Consumer and managerial perspectives (pp. 182–201). Bristol: Channel View.
- Haldrup, M., & Larsen, J. (2006). Material cultures of tourism. Leisure Studies, 25, 275–289. doi: 10.1080/02614360600661179
- Hede, A. (2007). Managing special events in the new era of the triple bottom line. Event Management, 11(1/2), 13–22. doi: 10.3727/152599508783943282
- Hollinshead, K. (2004). Ontological craft in tourism studies. In J. Phillimore & L. Goodson (Eds.), Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies (pp. 83–101). Oxon: Routledge.
- Holloway, I., Brown, L., & Shipway, R. (2010). Meaning not measurement: Using ethnography to bring a deeper understanding to the participant experience of festivals and events. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(1), 74–85. doi: 10.1108/17852951011029315
- Jaimangal-Jones, D. (2013). Utilising ethnography and participant observation in festival and event research. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(1), 39–55. doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-09-2012-0030
- Jandt, F. E. (2007). An introduction to intercultural communication; identities in a global community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Lee, C.-K., Lee, Y.-K., & Wicks, B. E. (2004). Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 25(1), 61–70. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00060-8
- Levi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural anthropology. New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod. (2013). History of Llangollen. Retrieved April, 2013, from http://www.international-eisteddfod.co.uk
- Lugosi, P. (2008). Hospitality spaces, hospitable moments: Consumer encounters and affective experiences in commercial settings. Journal of Foodservice, 19, 139–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4506.2008.00092.x
- Maalouf, A. (1998). Les Identités meurtrières [In the name of identity: Violence and the need to belong] (B. Bray, Trans.). New York: Time-Warner.
- MacKellar, J. (2013). Participant observation at events: Theory, practice and potential. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 4(1), 56–65. doi: 10.1108/17582951311307511
- Matheson, C. (2008). Music, emotion and authenticity: A study of celtic music festival consumers. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 6(1), 57–74. doi: 10.1080/14766820802140448
- Matteucci, X. (2013). Photo elicitation, exploring tourist experiences with researcher-found images. Tourism Management, 35, 190–197. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.07.002
- Morgan, M. (2008). What makes a good festival; understanding the event experience. Event Management, 12(2), 81–93. doi: 10.3727/152599509787992562
- Morgan, M., Lugosi, P., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (Eds.). (2010). The tourism and leisure experience; consumer and managerial perspectives. Bristol: Channel View.
- Neuliep, J. (2009). Intercultural communication a contextual approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Nyaupane, G. P., Teye, V., & Paris, C. (2008). Innocents abroad: Attitude change towards hosts. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 650–667. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2008.03.002
- Park, M., Daniels, M., Brayley, R., & Harmon, L. (2010). An analysis of service provision and visitor impact using participant observation and photographic documentation: The national cherry blossom festival. Event Management, 14, 167–182. doi: 10.3727/152599510X12766070301082
- Pine, B., & Gilmore, J. (1999). The experience economy. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
- Pink, S. (2007). Doing visual ethnography. London: Sage.
- Pink, S. (2008). Analysing visual experience. In M. Pickering (Ed.), Research methods for cultural studies (pp. 125–149). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Pizam, A., Jafari, J., & Milman, A. (1991). Influence of tourism on attitudes: US students visiting USSR. Tourism Management, 12, 47–54. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(91)90028-R
- Pol, L., & Pak, S. (1994). The Use of a 2-stage survey design in collecting from those who have attended periodic or special events. International Journal of Market Research, 36, 315–325.
- Rakic, T., & Chambers, D. (Eds.). (2012). An introduction to visual research methods in tourism. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Richards, G., & Palmer, R. (2010). Eventful cities, cultural management and urban revitalisation. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinneman.
- Robertson, M. (2008). Destination image and development. In J. Ali-Knight, M. Robertson, A. Fyall, & A. Ladkin (Eds.), International perspectives of festivals and events: Paradigms of analysis (pp. 1–2). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Rojek, C. (2014). Global event management: A critique. Leisure Studies, 33(1), 32–47. doi: 10.1080/02614367.2012.716077
- Scarles, C. (2010). Where words fail, visuals ignite: Opportunities for visual autoethnography in tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 37, 905–926. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.02.001
- Selstad, L. (2007). The social anthropology of the tourist experience, exploring the ‘middle role'. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 19–33. doi: 10.1080/15022250701256771
- Shenton, A. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75.
- Shone, A., & Parry, B. (2004). Successful event management: A practical handbook (2nd ed.). London: Continuum.
- Sorrells, K. (2013). Intercultural communication: Globalization and social justice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Spradley, J. (1980). Participant observation. New York, NY: Holt Rinehart and Winston.
- Stanley, N. (1998). Being ourselves For You: The global display of cultures. Middlesex: Middlesex University Press.
- Steiner, C., & Resinger, Y. (2003). Cross cultural behaviour in tourism: Concepts and analysis. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinneman.
- Steiner, C. J., & Resinger, Y. (2004). Enriching the tourist and host intercultural experience by reconceptualising communication. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 2(2), 118–137. doi: 10.1080/14766820408668172
- Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. (2012). Understanding intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tribe, J. (2007). Critical tourism, rules and resistance. In I. Atjelvevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies (pp. 29–40). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Van Winkle, C., & Backman, K. (2009). Examining visitor mindfulness at a cultural event. Event Management, 12, 163–169. doi: 10.3727/152599509789659731
- Westwood, S. (2007). What lies beneath? using creative, projective and participatory techniques in qualitative tourism inquiry. In I. Atjelvevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies (pp. 291–315). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Xie, P. F. (2003). The bamboo-beating dance in Hainan, China: Authenticity and commodification. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(1), 5–16. doi: 10.1080/09669580308667190
- Yeh, J. (2009). The embodiment of sociability through the tourist camera. In M. Robinson & D. Picard (Eds.), The framed world, tourism, tourists and photography (pp. 199–216). Farnham: Ashgate.
- Yin. (2009). Case study research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Yuki, M. (2003). Intergroup comparison versus intragroup relationships: A cross-cultural examination of social identity theory in North American and East Asian cultural contexts. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66, 166–183. doi: 10.2307/1519846
- Ziakas, V., & Boukas, N. (2012). Contextualising phenomenology in event management research: Deciphering the meaning of event experiences. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(1), 56–73. doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-08-2012-0023