Political instability and trade union practices in Nepalese hotels

References

• ADB. (2016). Nepal 2015 earthquake: ADB’s response. Countries. Retrieved from http://www.adb.org/countries/nepal/earthquake-adb-response
   Google Scholar
• Allen, V. L. (1966). Militant trade unionism: A re-analysis of industrial action in an inflationary situation. London: The Merlin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aslan, A. H., & Wood, R. C. (1993). Trade unions in the hotel and catering industry: The views of hotel managers. Employee Relations, 15(2), 61–70. doi: 10.1108/01425459310031831
   Google Scholar
• Bamber, G. J., Gittell, J. H., Kochan, T. A., & Von Nordenflycht, A. (2013). Up in the air: How airlines can improve performance by engaging their employees. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Basnett, Y. (2009). From politicization of grievances to political violence: An analysis of the Maoist movement in Nepal. Working paper Series No. 07-78. London: Development Studies Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved from http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/pdf/WP/WP78.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Baum, T. (2007). Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1383–1399. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, T. (2008). Implications of hospitality and tourism labour markets for talent management strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 720–729. doi: 10.1108/09596110810897574
   Google Scholar
• Baum, T. (2015). Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change? A 2015 reprise. Tourism Management, 50, 204–212. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BBC. (2015). Nepal profile – Timeline. South Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391
   Google Scholar
• Benson, J., & Zhu, Y. (2008). Trade unions in Asia: Organization, strategy and issues. In J. Benson & Y. Zhu (Eds.), Trade unions in Asia: An economic and sociological analysis (pp. 1–10). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bhandari, K. (2010). Tourism in Nepal: Post-monarchy challenges. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 8(1–2), 69–83. doi: 10.1080/14766825.2010.491917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyton, P., Lucio, M. M., McGurk, J., & Turnbull, P. (2001). Globalization and trade union strategy: Industrial restructuring and human resource management in the international civil aviation industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3), 445–463. doi: 10.1080/09585190122137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, J., Connell, J., & Winterton, J. (2013). Vulnerable workers, precarious work and the role of trade unions and HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(22), 4083–4093. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2013.845420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Causevic, S., & Lynch, P. (2013). Political (in) stability and its influence on tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 145–157. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, I. (1990). Political climate and two airline strikes: Century air in 1932 and continental airlines in 1983–85. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 43(2), 308–323. doi: 10.1177/001979399004300210
   Google Scholar
• Domínguez, G. (2015). How political instability affected Nepal’s disaster preparedness. Retrieved from http://www.dw.com/en/how-political-instability-affected-nepals-disaster-preparedness/a-18411259
   Google Scholar
• Ebbinghaus, B. (1995). The Siamese twins: Citizenship rights, cleavage formation, and party-union relations in Western Europe. International Review of Social History, 40(S3), 51–89. doi: 10.1017/S0020859000113604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshaer, I. A., & Saad, S. K. (2016). Political instability and tourism in Egypt: Exploring survivors’ attitudes after downsizing. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure & Events, 1–20. doi:10.1080/19407963.2016.1233109
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, J. (1980). Trade union movements and their politico-economic environments: A preliminary framework. West European Politics, 3(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1080/01402388008424262
   Google Scholar
• Henry, N. (2015). Trade union internationalism and political change in Myanmar. Global Change, Peace & Security, 27(1), 69–84. doi: 10.1080/14781158.2015.997688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyman, R. (2001). Understanding European trade unionism: Between market, class and society. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• IANS. (2016). Nepal unrest: No solution in sight, Terai death toll 59. South Asia. Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Nepal-unrest-No-solution-in-sight-Terai-death-toll-59/articleshow/50689329.cms
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, H., Grieve, D., Ingram, H., Tabari, S., & Watthanakhomprathip, W. (2013). The impact of political instability on tourism: Case of Thailand. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(1), 92–103. doi: 10.1108/17554211311292475
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization (ILO). (2013). Decent work country programme 2013–2017 Nepal. Author Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/program/dwcp/download/nepal.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Johri, C. K. (1967). Unionism in a developing economy: A study of the interaction between trade unionism and government policy in India, 1950-1965. Bombay: Asia Pub. House.
   Google Scholar
• Kusluvan, S. (Ed.) (2003). Managing employee attitudes and behaviors in the tourism and hospitality industry. New York, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Ladkin, A. (2011). Exploring tourism labor. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1135–1155. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiper, N. (2008). Why ‘the tourism industry’ is misleading as a generic expression: The case for the plural variation, ‘tourism industries’. Tourism Management, 29(2), 237–251. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2013). The weakest link? Product market strategies, skill and pay in the hotel industry. Work, Employment & Society, 27(2), 254–271. doi: 10.1177/0950017012460310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. (2004). Employment relations in the hospitality and tourism industries. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. (2009). Is low unionisation in the British hospitality industry due to industry characteristics? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 42–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macaulay, I. R., & Wood, R. C. (1992). Hotel and catering industry employees’ attitudes towards trade unions. Employee Relations, 14(3), 20–28. doi: 10.1108/01425459210013878
   Google Scholar
• Mahaseth, H. (2016). Nepal is dealing with a massive crisis, and India’s ‘unofficial’ blockade made it worse. Youth Ki Awaaz. Retrieved from http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2016/03/unofficial-blockade-nepal-madhesi-rights/
   Google Scholar
• Martin, R. M. (1989). Trade unionism: Purposes and forms. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Government of Nepal (MOCTCA). (2014). Tourism employment survey 2014. Nepal: Author. Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.np/images/download/Tourism_Employment_Study_Draft_Report_integrated.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Government of Nepal (MOCTCA). (2015). Nepal tourism statistics 2014. Nepal: Author. Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.np/images/download/Nepal_Tourism_Statistics_2014_Integrated.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Government of Nepal (MOCTCA). (2016). Nepal tourism statistics 2015. Nepal: Author. Retrieved from http://tourism.gov.np/images/download/Nepal_Tourism_Statistics_2015_forwebsite_edited.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Open Nepal. (2012). Gross foreign exchange earnings from tourism by fiscal year. Retrieved from http://data.opennepal.net/content/gross-foreign-exchange-earnings-tourism-fiscal-year.
   Google Scholar
• Perlman, S. (1949). A theory of the labor movement. New York, NY: AM Kelley.
   Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy, E. (1969). Trade unions and politics. Sociological Bulletin, 18(2), 137–147.
   Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy, E. (1974). The role of the trade union leader in India. Human Organization, 33(2), 163–172. doi: 10.17730/humo.33.2.ak5643n20w7g22x3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley, M., Ladkin, A., & Szivas, E. (2002). Tourism employment: Analysis and planning (Vol. 6). Clevedon: Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J. (2003). The applications of qualitative methods to social research. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers (pp. 24–46). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sahayogee, J. (2016). Name list of prime ministers of Nepal. Articles about Nepal. Retrieved from http://www.imnepal.com/prime-ministers-of-nepal/
   Google Scholar
• Seddighi, H., Theocharous, A., & Nuttall, M. (2002). Political instability and tourism: An empirical study with Special reference to the microstate of Cyprus. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 3(1), 61–84. doi: 10.1300/J149v03n01_04
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha, M. B., & Chaudhary, S. K. (2013). The economic cost of general strikes in Nepal. NRB Economic Review. Research Department. Nepal Rastra Bank. Kathmandu. Retrieved from http://nrb.org.np/ecorev/pdffiles/vol26-1_art1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Simone, A. (2015). Nepal says it's open for business, but tourists are still staying away. Global Politics. Retrieved from http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-12-11/nepal-says-its-open-business-tourists-are-still-staying-away
   Google Scholar
• Som, A. P. M., Aun, O. C., & AlBattat, A. R. (2015). Tourists’ perception of crisis and the impact of instability on destination safety in Sabah, Malaysia. Tourism & Environment, Social and Management Sciences, 96–103. doi:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.s.213
   Google Scholar
• Sönmez, S. F. (1998). Tourism, terrorism, and political instability. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 416–456. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00093-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research (Vol. 15). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P., & Moore, S. (2014). Cabin crew collectivism: Labour process and the roots of mobilization. Work, Employment & Society, 29(1), 79–98. doi: 10.1177/0950017014538336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa, B. (2004). Tourism in Nepal. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 15(2–3), 117–138. doi: 10.1300/J073v15n02_07
   Google Scholar
• Upadhayaya, P. K., Müller-Böker, U., & Sharma, S. R. (2011). Tourism amidst armed conflict: Consequences, copings, and creativity for peace-building through tourism in Nepal. The Journal of Tourism and Peace Research, 1(2), 22–40.
   Google Scholar
• Upreti, B. R., Sharma, S. R., Upadhaya, P. K., Ghimire, S., & Iff, A. (2013). Making business count for peace: Reflections from tourism sector in Nepal: South Asia regional coordination office of the Swiss national centre of competence in research (NCCR) North-South, department of development studies-Kathmandu University and Nepal Center for Contemporary Research.
   Google Scholar
• Valenzuela, J. S. (1989). Labor movements in transitions to democracy: A framework for analysis. Comparative Politics, 21(4), 445–472. doi: 10.2307/422007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddoups, C. J. (2001). Wages in Las Vegas and Reno: How much difference do unions make in the hotel, gaming, and recreation industry? UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 6(1), 7–21.
   Google Scholar
• Walton, J. K. (2012). ‘The tourism labour conundrum’ extended: Historical perspectives on hospitality workers. Hospitality & Society, 2(1), 49–75. doi: 10.1386/hosp.2.1.49_1
   Google Scholar
• Webb, S., & Webb, B. (1920). The history of trade unionism. London: Longmans, Green.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, R. C. (1997). Working in hotels and catering. London: International Thomson Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yruela, M. P., & del Rosal, R. S. (1999). The national industrial relations contexts. In M. Rigby, R. Smith, & T. Lawlor (Eds.), European trade unions: Change and response (pp. 37–52). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zampoukos, K., & Ioannides, D. (2011). The tourism labour conundrum: Agenda for new research in the geography of hospitality workers. Hospitality & Society, 1(1), 25–45. doi: 10.1386/hosp.1.1.25_1
   Google Scholar