Longitudinal studies at the country level as a new approach to educational effectiveness: explaining change in reading achievement (PIRLS) by change in age, socio‐economic status and class size

References

• Blatchford , P. , Bassett , P. , Goldstein , H. and Martin , C. 2003 . Are class size differences related to pupils’ educational progress and classroom processes? Findings from the Institute of Education Class Size Study of children aged 5–7 years . British Educational Research Journal , 29 : 709 – 730 . doi: 10.1080/0141192032000133668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cliffordson , C. and Gustafsson , J.‐E. 2007 . Effects of age and schooling on intellectual performance: Estimates obtained from analysis of continuous variation in age and length of schooling . Intelligence , 36 : 143 – 152 . doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2007.03.006
   Google Scholar
• D’Haenens , E. , Van Damme , J. and Onghena , P. in press . Multilevel exploratory factor analysis: Illustrating its surplus value in educational effectiveness research . School Effectiveness and School Improvement ,
   Google Scholar
• Ecalle , J. , Magnan , A. and Gibert , F. 2006 . Class size effects on literacy skills and literacy interest in first grade: A large‐scale investigation . Journal of School Psychology , 44 : 191 – 209 . doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2006.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn , J.D. and Achilles , C.M. 1999 . Tennessee’s class size study: Findings, implications, misconceptions . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 21 : 97 – 109 . doi: 10.3102/01623737021002097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri , N.C. 2004 . Multivariate statistical analysis , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , H. and Blatchford , P. 1998 . Class size and educational achievement: A review of methodology with particular reference to study design . British Educational Research Journal , 24 : 255 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Gustafsson , J.‐E. 2007 . “ Understanding causal influences on educational achievement through analysis of differences over time within countries ” . In Lessons learned: What international assessments tell us about math achievement , Edited by: Loveless , T. 37 – 63 . Washington, DC : The Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Harker , R. . Class size and student attainments: Research and strategic implementation . Paper presented at the New Zealand Association for Research in Education . Wellington, New Zealand. November ,
   Google Scholar
• Krueger , A.B. 1999 . Experimental estimates of education production functions . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 114 : 497 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger , A.B. and Whitmore , D.M. 2001 . The effect of attending a small class in the early grades on college taking and middle school results: Evidence from the Project STAR . The Economic Journal , 112 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Luyten , H. 2006 . An empirical assessment of the absolute effect of schooling: Regression–discontinuity applied to TIMSS‐95 . Oxford Review of Education , 32 : 397 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , O.M. , Mullis , I.V.S. and Kennedy , A.M. , eds. 2007 . PIRLS 2006 Technical Report , Chestnut Hill, MA : Boston College .
   Google Scholar
• Mishel , L. and Rothstein , R. 2002 . The class size debate , Washington, DC : Economy Policy Institute . Retrieved from http://epi.3cdn.net/543d57e139a7bcc422_vnm6b5tkc.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , A. 1999 . Vouchers, class size reduction, and student achievement: Considering the evidence , Bloomington, IN : Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , A. , Smith , P. , Zahorik , J. , Palmer , A. , Halbach , A. and Ehrle , K. 1999 . Evaluating the SAGE program: A pilot program in targeted pupil–teacher reduction in Wisconsin . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 21 : 165 – 177 . doi: 10.3102/016237370210 02165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2007 . PISA 2006: Science competencies for tomorrow’s world. Volume 1: Analysis , Paris : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Rees , N.S. and Johnson , K. 2000 . A lesson in smaller class sizes . Heritage Views , Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/press/commentary/ed053000.cfm
   Google Scholar
• Rindermann , H. 2007 . The g‐factor of international cognitive ability comparisons: The homogeneity of results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ‐tests across nations . European Journal of Personality , 21 : 667 – 706 . doi: 10.1002/per.634
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D.B. 1987 . Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Sirin , S.R. 2005 . Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta‐analytic review of research . Review of Educational Research , 75 : 417 – 453 . doi: 10.3102/0034654307 5003417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics . 1999 . Operational manual for ISCED – 1997 (international standard classification of education) , Paris : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Vyas , S. and Kumaranayake , L. 2006 . Constructing socio‐economic status indices: How to use principal components analysis . Health Policy Plan , 21 : 459 – 468 . Retrieved from http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/6/459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , Y. and Gustafsson , J.‐E. 2004 . Measuring socioeconomic status at individual and collective levels . Educational Research and Evaluation , 10 : 259 – 288 . doi: 10.1076/edre.10.3.259.30268
   Google Scholar
• Zaharias , J.B. , Achilles , C.M. , Bain , H.P. and Fulton , B.D. 1995 . “ Quality schools build on a quality start ” . In Creating the quality school , Edited by: Chance , E. 117 – 124 . Madison, WI : Magna .
   Google Scholar