862
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

8 Organizations and Management in China

&
Pages 377-420 | Published online: 05 Aug 2009

References

  • Bandelj , N. 2008 . From communists to foreign capitalists: The social foundations of foreign direct investment in postsocialist Europe , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Batjargal , B. and Liu , M. 2004 . Entrepreneurs’ access to private equity in China: The role of social capital . Organization Science , 15 (2) : 159 – 172 .
  • Bian , Y. 1994a . Guanxi and the allocation of urban jobs in China . The China Quarterly , 140 : 971 – 999 .
  • Bian , Y. 1994b . Work and inequality in urban China , Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
  • Bian , Y. 1997 . Bringing strong ties back in: Indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China . American Sociological Review , 62 : 366 – 385 .
  • Bian , Y. 2002 . “ Mechanisms in China’s emergent labor markets ” . In Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , Edited by: Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 117 – 137 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bian , Y. 2008 . “ The formation of social capital among Chinese urbanites: Theoretical explanation and empirical evidence ” . In Social capital: An international research program , Edited by: Lin , N. and Erickson , B. 81 – 107 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Bian , Y. and Ang , S. 1997 . Guanxi networks and job mobility in China and Singapore . Social Forces , 75 : 981 – 1006 .
  • Bian , Y. , Breiger , R. , Davis , D. and Galaskiewicz , J. 2005 . Occupation, class, and social networks in urban China . Social Forces , 83 : 1443 – 1468 .
  • Bian , Y. and Gerber , T. 2008 . “ Class structure and class inequality in urban China and Russia: Effects of institutional change or economic performance ” . In Urban China in transition , Edited by: Logan , J. and Fainstein , S. 66 – 87 . New York : Blackwell .
  • Bian , Y. and Logan , J.R. 1996 . Market transition and the persistence of power: The changing stratification system in urban China . American Sociological Review , 61 (5) : 739 – 758 .
  • Bian , Y. , Shu , X. and Logan , J.R. 2001 . Communist Party membership and regime dynamics in China . Social Forces , 79 (3) : 805 – 841 .
  • Blau , P.M. 1964 . Exchange and power in social life , New York : John Wiley .
  • Boisot , M. and Child , J. 1988 . The iron law of fiefs: Bureaucratic failure and the problem of governance in the Chinese economic reforms . Administrative Science Quarterly , 33 (4) : 507 – 527 .
  • Boisot , M. and Child , J. 1996 . From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: Explaining China’s emerging economic order . Administrative Science Quarterly , 41 (4) : 600 – 628 .
  • Boisot , M. and Child , J. 1999 . Organizations as adaptive systems in complex environments: The case of China . Organization Science , 10 (3) : 237 – 252 .
  • Bonnell , V.E. and Gold , T.B. , eds. 2002 . The new entrepreneurs of Europe and Asia: Patterns of business development in Russia, Eastern Europe and China , Boulder, CO : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Cao , Y. 2001 . Careers inside organizations: A comparative study of promotion determination in reforming China . Social Forces , 80 : 683 – 712 .
  • Cao , Y. 2004 . Behind the rising meritocracy: Market, politics, and cultural change in urban China . Social Science Research , 33 : 435 – 463 .
  • Cao , Y. and Nee , V.G. 2000 . Comment: Controversies and evidence in the market transition debate . American Journal of Sociology , 105 (4) : 1175 – 1189 .
  • Chen , Z. and Aryee , S. 2007 . Delegation and employee work outcomes: An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China . Academy of Management Journal , 50 (1) : 226 – 238 .
  • Chen , Z.X. , Tsui , A.S. and Farh , J.‐L. 2002 . Loyalty to supervisor vs. organizational commitment: Relationships to employee performance in China . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 75 (3) : 339 – 357 .
  • Child , J. , Chung , L. and Davies , H. 2003 . The performance of cross‐border units in China: A test of natural selection, strategic choice and contingency theories . Journal of International Business Studies , 34 (3) : 242 – 254 .
  • Child , J. and Rodrigues , S.B. 2005 . The internationalization of Chinese firms: A case for theoretical extension? . Management and Organization Review , 1 (3) : 381 – 410 .
  • Child , J. and Yuan , L. 1990 . Industrial decision‐making under China’s reform, 1985–1988 . Organization Studies (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.) , 11 (3) : 321 – 351 .
  • Child , J. and Yuan , L. 1996 . Institutional constraints on economic reform: The case of investment decisions in China . Organization Science , 7 (1) : 60 – 77 .
  • Connor , W.D. 1979 . Socialism, politics, and equality , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Davis , D. 1988 . Unequal chances, unequal outcomes: Pension reform and urban inequality . The China Quarterly , 114 : 223 – 242 .
  • Davis , D. 1999 . Self‐employment in Shanghai: A research note . The China Quarterly , 157 : 22 – 43 .
  • Davis , D. 2000 . The consumer revolution in urban China , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Davis , D. 2003 . “ From welfare benefit to capitalized asset ” . In Housing and social change: East–west perspectives , Edited by: Forrest , R. and Lee , J. 183 – 199 . New York : Routledge .
  • Davis , D. 2004 . “ Talking about property in the new Chinese domestic property regime ” . In The new economic sociology , Edited by: Dobbin , F. 288 – 307 . New York : Russell Sage .
  • Davis , D. 2005 . Urban consumer culture . The China Quarterly , 183 : 677 – 694 .
  • Davis , D. 2007 . “ Chinese homeowners as citizen‐consumers ” . In The ambivalent consumer , Edited by: Garon , S. and Maclachlan , P. 281 – 301 . Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Davis , D. and Lu , H. 2003 . Property in transition: Conflicts over ownership in post‐socialist Shanghai . European Journal of Sociology , 44 : 77 – 99 .
  • Dyer , J.H. and Singh , H. 1998 . The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage . Academy of Management Review , 23 (4) : 660 – 679 .
  • Egri , C.P. and Ralston , D.A. 2004 . Generation cohorts and personal values: A comparison of China and the United States . Organization Science , 15 (2) : 210 – 220 .
  • Emerson , R.A. 1962 . Power‐dependent relations . American Sociological Review , 27 : 31 – 41 .
  • Farh , J.‐L. , Earley , P.C. and Shu‐Chi , L. 1997 . Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society . Administrative Science Quarterly , 42 (3) : 421 – 444 .
  • Farh , J.L. , Hackett , R.D. and Jian , L. 2007 . Individual‐level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support‐employee outcome relationships in China: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality . Academy of Management Journal , 50 (3) : 715 – 729 .
  • Farh , J.L. , Tsui , A.S. , Xin , K. and Cheng , B.S. 1998 . The influence of relational demography and guanxi: The Chinese case . Organization Science , 9 : 471 – 488 .
  • Ferge , Z. 1979 . A Society in the making , Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Fligstein , N. 1996 . The economic sociology of the transitions from socialism . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 1074 – 1081 .
  • Gaba , V. , Pan , Y. and Ungson , G.R. 2002 . Timing of entry in international market: An empirical study of US Fortune 500 firms in China . Journal of International Business Studies , 33 (1) : 39 – 55 .
  • Gerber , T. 2000a . Membership benefits of selection effects? Why former Communist Party members do better in post‐soviet Russia . Social Science Research , 29 : 25 – 50 .
  • Gerber , T. 2000b . Educational stratification in contemporary Russia: Stability and change in the face of economic and institutional crisis . Sociology of Education , 73 (4) : 219 – 246 .
  • Gerber , T. 2006 . Getting paid: Wage arrears and stratification in Russia . American Journal of Sociology , 111 (6) : 1816 – 1870 .
  • Gerber , T. and Hout , M. 1995 . Educational stratification in Russia during the Soviet period . American Journal of Sociology , 101 (3) : 611 – 660 .
  • Giacobbe‐Miller , J.K. , Miller , D.J. , Zhang , W. and Victorov , V.I. 2003 . Country and organizational‐level adaptation to foreign workplace ideologies: A comparative study of distributive justice values in China, Russia and the United States . Journal of International Business Studies , 34 (4) : 389 – 406 .
  • Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 2002 . “ An introduction to the study of guanxi ” . In Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , Edited by: Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 3 – 20 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Groves , T. , Hong , Y. , McMillan , J. and Naughton , B. 1995 . China’s evolving managerial labor market . Journal of Political Economy , 103 : 873 – 891 .
  • Guillen , M.F. 2002 . Structural inertia, imitation, and foreign expansion: South Korean firms and business groups in China, 1987–95 . Academy of Management Journal , 45 (3) : 509 – 525 .
  • Gulati , R. , Khanna , T. and Nohria , N. 1994 . Unilateral commitments and the importance of process in alliances . Sloan Management Review , 35 : 61 – 69 .
  • Guthrie , D. 1997 . Between markets and politics: Organizational responses to reform in China . American Journal of Sociology , 102 : 1258 – 1304 .
  • Guthrie , D. 1998a . The declining significance of guanxi in China’s economic transition . The China Quarterly , 39 : 254 – 282 .
  • Guthrie , D. 1998b . Organizational uncertainty and labor contracts in China’s economic transition . Sociological Forum , 13 : 457 – 494 .
  • Guthrie , D. 1999 . Dragon in a three‐piece suit: The emergence of capitalism in China , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Guthrie , D. 2002a . “ Entrepreneurial action in the state sector: The economic decisions of Chinese managers ” . In The new entrepreneurs of Europe and Asia: Patterns of business development in Russia, Eastern Europe, and China , Edited by: Bonnell , V.E. and Gold , T.B. 159 – 190 . Boulder, CO : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Guthrie , D. 2002b . “ Information asymmetries and the problem of perception: The significance of structural position in assessing the importance of guanxi in China ” . In Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , Edited by: Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 37 – 56 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Guthrie , D. 2002c . The transformation of labor relations in China’s emerging market economy . Research in Social Stratification and Mobility , 19 : 137 – 168 .
  • Hall , R.H. and Weiman , X. 1990 . Research note: Run silent, run deep: Cultural influences on organizations in the Far East . Organization Studies (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.) , 11 (4) : 569
  • Hannum , E. 2005 . Market transition, educational disparities, and family strategies in rural China: New evidence on gender stratification and development . Demography , 42 : 275 – 299 .
  • Hannum , E. and Xie , Y. 1994 . Trends in educational gender inequality in China, 1949–1958 . Research in Social Stratification and Mobility , 13 : 73 – 98 .
  • Hare , P.G. 1991 . Hungary: In transition to a market economy . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 5 : 195 – 201 .
  • Harrigan , K.R. 1988 . Strategic alliances and partner asymmetries . Management International Review , 28 (2) : 53 – 72 .
  • Hitt , M.A. , Ahlstrom , D. , Dacin , M.T. , Levitas , E. and Svobodina , L. 2004 . The institutional effects on strategic alliance partner selection in transition economies: China vs. Russia . Organization Science , 15 (2) : 173 – 185 .
  • Homans , G.C. 1958 . Social behavior as exchange . American Journal of Sociology , 63 : 597 – 606 .
  • Homans , G.C. 1961 . Social behavior: Its elementary forms , New York: Harcourt : Brace, and World .
  • Homin , C. and Tain‐Jy , C. 1998 . Network linkages and location choice in foreign direct investment . Journal of International Business Studies , 29 (3) : 445 – 467 .
  • Hout , M. 1997 . Inequality at the margins: The effects of welfare, the minimum wage, and tax credits on low‐wage labor . Politics and Society , 25 : 513 – 524 .
  • Huang , X. and Gardner , S. 2007 . A stakeholder view of strategic management in Chinese firms . International Journal of Business Studies , 15 (1) : 1 – 13 .
  • Hui , C. , Lee , C. and Rousseau , D.M. 2004 . Employment relationships in China: Do workers relate to the organization or to people? . Organization Science , 15 (2) : 232 – 240 .
  • Jefferson , G.H. and Rawski , T.G. 1992 . Unemployment, underemployment, and employment policy in China’s cities . Modern China , 18 : 42 – 71 .
  • Keister , L.A. 1998a . Engineering growth: Business group structure and firm performance in China’s transition economy . American Journal of Sociology , 104 : 404 – 440 .
  • Keister , L.A. 1998b . “ Insider lending and economic transition: The structure, function, and performance impact of finance companies in Chinese business groups ” . In Managing organizational change in transition economies , Edited by: Dennison , D. 13 – 37 . Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
  • Keister , L.A. 1998c . Social ties and the formation of Chinese business groups . Sociological Analysis , 2 : 99 – 118 .
  • Keister , L.A. 1999 . Chinese business groups: The role of conglomerates in the remaking of China’s economy . Journal of Business in Developing Nations ,
  • Keister , L.A. 2000 . Chinese business groups: The structure and impact of interfirm relations during economic development , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Keister , L.A. 2001 . Exchange structures in transition: A longitudinal analysis of lending and trade relations in Chinese business groups . American Sociological Review , 66 : 336 – 360 .
  • Keister , L.A. 2002a . Adapting to radical change: A longitudinal study of the adoption of piece rates in China . Organization Science , 13 : 459 – 474 .
  • Keister , L.A. 2002b . Corporate labor policies and practices during China’s transition: An exploration of implications for stratification . Research in Social Stratification and Mobility , 19 : 169 – 185 .
  • Keister , L.A. 2002c . Financial markets, money, and banking . Annual Review of Sociology , 28 : 39 – 61 .
  • Keister , L.A. 2004 . Capital structure in transition: The transformation of financial strategies in China’s emerging economy . Organization Science , 15 : 145 – 158 .
  • Keister , L.A. 2005 . “ Networks in action: The transformation of Chinese business groups during reform ” . In Networks and organizations during transition Edited by: Clegg , S. and Berrell , M.
  • Keister , L.A. 2007 . Business groups in China . American Behavioral Scientist ,
  • Keister , L.A. and Lu , J. 2004 . Financial resources and product market development: Strategic choice and institutional processes during China’s transition . Sociological Forum , 19 : 229 – 254 .
  • King , L.P. and Szelenyi , I. 2005 . “ Post‐communist economic systems ” . In The handbook of economic sociology , Edited by: Smelser , N.J. and Swedberg , R. 205 – 229 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Kipnis , A. 1997 . Producing guanxi: Sentiment, self, and subculture in a north China village , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
  • Kipnis , A. 2002 . “ Practices of guanxi production and practices of guangqing avoidance ” . In Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , Edited by: Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 21 – 36 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kornai , J. 1979 . Resource‐constrained versus demand‐constrained systems . Econometrica , 47 : 801 – 820 .
  • Kornai , J. 1980 . The economics of shortage , (2 Vols) , Amsterdam : North‐Holland .
  • Kornai , J. 1986a . Contradictions and dilemmas: Studies on the socialist economy and society , Cambridge, MA : MIT .
  • Kornai , J. 1986b . The soft budget constraint . Kyklos , 39 : 3 – 30 .
  • Kornai , J. 1990 . On the road to a free economy: Shifting from a socialist system , New York : Norton .
  • Krug , B. 2004 . China’s rational entrepreneurs: The development of the new private business sector , New York : Routledge .
  • Lane , D. 1982 . The end of social inequality? , London : George Allen and Unwin .
  • Lardy , N.R. 1989 . “ Dilemmas in the Pattern of resource allocation in China, 1978–1985 ” . In Remaking the economic institutions of socialism: China and Eastern Europe , Edited by: Nee , V. and Stark , D. 278 – 395 . Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Lardy , N.R. 1998 . China’s unfinished economic revolution , Washington, DC : The Brookings Institution Press .
  • Law , K.S. , Tse , D.K. and Zhou , N. 2003 . Does human resource management matter in a transitional economy? China as an example . Journal of International Business Studies , 34 (3) : 255 – 265 .
  • Li , H. and Atuahene‐Gima , K. 2001 . Product innovation strategy and the performance of new technology ventures in China . Academy of Management Journal , 44 (6) : 1123 – 1134 .
  • Li , H. and Zhang , Y. 2007 . The role of managers’ political networking and functional experience in new venture performance: Evidence from China’s transition economy . Strategic Management Journal , 28 (8) : 791 – 804 .
  • Li , J. , Lam , K. , Sun , J.J. M. and Liu , S.X.Y. 2008 . Strategic human resource management, institutionalization, and employment modes: an empirical study in China . Strategic Management Journal , 29 (3) : 337 – 342 .
  • Lin , N. 1995 . Local market socialism: Local corporatism in action in rural China . Theory and Society , 24 : 301 – 354 .
  • Lin , N. 2008 . “ Emerging Chinese capitalism and its theoretical and global significance ” . In Chinese capitalisms Edited by: Kwok‐bun , C. , Tak‐sing , C. , ku , A.S. and Yin‐wah , C.
  • Lin , N. and Bian , Y. 1991 . Getting ahead in urban China . American Journal of Sociology , 97 : 657 – 688 .
  • Logan , J.R. , Bian , F. and Bian , Y. 1998 . Tradition and change in the urban Chinese family: The case of living arrangements . Social Forces , 76 (3) : 851 – 882 .
  • Logan , J.R. and Bian , Y. 1993 . Inequalities in access to community resources in a Chinese city . Social Forces , 72 (2) : 555 – 576 .
  • Lu , J.W. and Xufei , M.A. 2008 . The contingent value of local partners’ business group affiliations . Academy of Management Journal , 51 (2) : 295 – 314 .
  • Luo , Y. 1997 . Partner selection and venturing success: The case of joint ventures with firms in the People’s Republic of China . Organization Science , 8 (6) : 648 – 662 .
  • Luo , Y. 2001 . Antecedents and consequences of personal attachment in cross‐cultural cooperative ventures . Administrative Science Quarterly , 46 (2) : 177 – 201 .
  • Luo , Y. 2002 . Capability exploitation and building in a foreign market: Implications for multinational enterprises . Organization Science , 13 (1) : 48 – 63 .
  • Luo , Y. 2003 . Market‐seeking MNEs in an emerging market: How parent subsidiary links shape overseas success . Journal of International Business Studies , 34 (3) : 290 – 309 .
  • Luo , Y. 2005 . How important are shared perceptions of procedural justice in cooperative alliances? . Academy of Management Journal , 48 (4) : 695 – 709 .
  • Luo , Y. and Peng , M.W. 1999 . Learning to compete in a transition economy: Experience, environment, and performance . Journal of International Business Studies , 30 (2) : 269 – 295 .
  • Luo , Y. , Shenkar , O. and Nyaw , M.‐K. 2001 . A dual parent perspective on control and performance in international joint ventures: Lessons from a developing economy . Journal of International Business Studies , 32 (1) : 41 – 58 .
  • McMillan , J. and Naughton , B. 1996 . “ Reforming China’s state‐owned firms ” . In Reforming Asian socialism: The growth of market institutions , Edited by: McMillan , J. and Naughton , B. 167 – 174 . Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
  • Morris , M.W. , Williams , K.Y. , Kwok , L. , Larrick , R. , Mendoza , M.T. , Bhatnagar , D. , Jianfeng , L. , Kondo , M. , Jin‐Lian , L. and Jun‐Chen , H. 1998 . Conflict management style: Accounting for cross‐national differences . Journal of International Business Studies , 29 (4) : 729 – 747 .
  • Naughton , B. 1996 . Growing out of the plan: Chinese economic reform, 1978–1993 , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nee , V. 1989a . “ Peasant entrepreneurs and the politics of regulation in China ” . In Remaking the economic institutions of socialism: China and Eastern Europe , Edited by: Nee , V. and Stark , D. 169 – 208 . Stanford, CA : Stanford University .
  • Nee , V. 1989b . A theory of market transition: From redistribution to markets in state socialism . American Sociological Review , 54 : 663 – 681 .
  • Nee , V. 1991 . Social inequalities in reforming state socialism: Between redistribution and markets in China . American Sociological Review , 56 : 267 – 282 .
  • Nee , V. 1992 . Organizational dynamics of market transition: Hybrid forms, property rights, and mixed economy in China . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 : 1 – 27 .
  • Nee , V. 1996 . The emergence of a market society: Changing mechanisms of stratification in China . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 908 – 949 .
  • Nee , V. 1997 . “ Federalist and local corporatist theories: A comment on an empirical test ” . In The political economy of property rights: Institutional change and credibility in the reform of centrally planned economies , Edited by: Weimer , D.L. 288 – 293 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nee , V. 1998a . Norms and Networks in economic and organizational performance . American Economic Review , 88 : 85 – 89 .
  • Nee , V. 1998b . “ Sources of new institutionalism ” . In The new institutionalism in sociology , Edited by: Brinton , M.C. and Nee , V. 1 – 16 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Nee , V. 2000 . The role of the state in making a market economy . Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics , 156 : 64 – 88 .
  • Nee , V. 2005a . “ The new institutionalisms in economics and sociology ” . In The handbook and economic sociology , Edited by: Smelser , N.J. and Swedberg , R. 49 – 74 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Nee , V. 2005b . “ Organizational dynamics of institutional change: Politicized capitalism in China ” . In The economic sociology of capitalism , Edited by: Nee , V. and Swedberg , R. 53 – 74 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Nee , V. and Cao , Y. 1999 . Path dependent societal transformation: Stratification in hybrid mixed economy . Theory and Society , 28 : 799 – 834 .
  • Nee , V. and Cao , Y. 2002 . Postsocialist inequality: The causes of continuity and discontinuity . Research in Social Stratification and Mobility , 19 : 3 – 39 .
  • Nee , V. and Cao , Y. 2004 . Market transition and the firm: Institutional change and income inequality in urban China . Management and Organization Review , 1 : 23 – 56 .
  • Nee , V. and Ingram , P. 1998 . “ Embeddedness and beyond: Institutions, exchange, and social structure ” . In The new institutionalism in sociology , Edited by: Brinton , M.C. and Nee , V. 19 – 45 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Nee , V. and Liedka , R.V. 1997 . “ Markets and inequality in transitions from state socialism ” . In Inequality, democracy, and economic development , Edited by: Midlarsky , M. 202 – 224 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nee , V. and Matthews , R. 1996a . Market transition and societal transformation in reforming state socialism . Annual Review of Sociology , 22 : 401 – 436 .
  • Nee , V. and Opper , S. 2007 . On politicized capitalism , CSES Working Paper Series Cornell University .
  • Nee , V. and Opper , S. “ Bringing market transition theory to the firm ” . In Research in the sociology of work , Edited by: Keister , L. Bingley, UK : Emerald Publishing Group . (In press)
  • Nee , V. , Opper , S. and Wong , S. 2007 . Developmental state and corporate governance in China . Management and Organization Review , 3 : 19 – 53 .
  • Nee , V. and Su , S. 1990 . Institutional change and economic growth in China: The view from the villages . The Journal of Asian Studies , 49 (1) : 3 – 25 .
  • Nee , V. and Su , S. 1996 . “ Institutions, social ties, and commitment in China’s corporatist transformation ” . In Reforming Asian socialism: The growth of market institutions , Edited by: McMillan , J. and Naughton , B. 111 – 134 . Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan .
  • Nee , V. and Su , S. 1998 . “ Institutional foundations of robust economic performance: Public sector industrial growth in China ” . In Industrial transformation in Eastern Europe in the light of the East Asian experience , Edited by: Henderson , J. , Balaton , K. and Lengyel , G. 167 – 187 . New York : St. Martin’s Press .
  • Nee , V. and Young , F.W. 1991 . Peasant entrepreneurs in China’s “second economy”: An institutional analysis . Economic Development and Cultural Change , 39 (2) : 293 – 310 .
  • Neelankavil , J.P. 2000 . Determinants of managerial performance: A cross‐cultural comparison of the perceptions of middle–level managers in four countries . Journal of International Business Studies , 31 (1) : 121 – 140 .
  • North , D.C. 1990 . Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance , New York : Cambridge .
  • North , D.C. 1998 . “ Economic performance through time ” . In The new institutionalism in sociology , Edited by: Brinton , M.C. and Nee , V. 247 – 257 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Oberschall , A. 1996 . The great transition: China, Hungary, and sociology exit socialism into the market . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 1028 – 1041 .
  • Oi , J.C. 1992 . Fiscal reform and the economic foundations of local state corporatism in China . World Politics , 45 : 99 – 126 .
  • Opper , S. 2007 . “ New institutional economics and it’s application to transition economies ” . In New institutional economics in transition and developing economies , Edited by: Glachant , J.‐M. and Brousseau , E. Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Pan , Y. 1996 . Influences on foreign equity ownership level in joint ventures in China . Journal of International Business Studies , 27 (1) : 1 – 26 .
  • Parish , W. and Michelson , E. 1996 . Politics and markets: Dual transformations . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 1042 – 1059 .
  • Parish , W. , Zhe , X. and Li , F. 1995 . Non‐farm work and marketization of the Chinese countryside . The China Quarterly , 143 : 697 – 730 .
  • Park , S.H. and Luo , Y. 2001 . Guanxi and organizational dynamics: Organizational networking in Chinese firms . Strategic Management Journal , 22 (5) : 455 – 477 .
  • Parsons , T. 1937 . The structure of social action , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Peng , M.W. 1997 . Firm growth in transition economies: Three longitudinal cases from China, 1989–96 . Organization Studies , 18 : 385 – 413 .
  • Peng , M.W. 2000a . Business strategies in transition economies , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Peng , M.W. 2000b . Controlling the foreign agent: How governments deal with multinationals in a transition economy . Management International Review , 40 (2) : 141 – 165 .
  • Peng , M.W. 2001 . Treasures in the China house: A review of management and organizational research on Greater China . Journal of Business Research , 52 : 95 – 110 .
  • Peng , M.W. 2004 . Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions . Strategic Management Journal , 25 : 453 – 471 .
  • Peng , M.W. and Jiang , Y. 2005 . “ Entrepreneurial strategies during institutional transitions ” . In Research in the sociology of work: entrepreneurship , Edited by: Keister , L.A. 311 – 325 . Greenwich, CT : JAI .
  • Peng , M.W. and Tan , J. 1998 . Toward alliance postsocialism: Business strategies in a transition economy . Journal of Applied Management Studies , 7 : 145 – 148 .
  • Peng , Y. 1992 . Wage determination in rural and urban China . American Sociological Review , 57 : 198 – 213 .
  • Peng , Y. 2001 . Chinese villages and townships as industrial corporations: Ownership, governance, and competition . American Journal of Sociology , 106 : 1338 – 1370 .
  • Ralston , D.A. , Egri , C.P. , Stewart , S. , Terpstra , R.H. and Yu , K. 1999 . Doing business in the 21st century with the new generation of Chinese managers: A study of generational shifts in work values in China . Journal of International Business Studies , 30 (2) : 415 – 427 .
  • Redding , S.G. and Ng , M. 1982 . The role of “face” in the organizational perceptions of Chinese managers . Organization Studies (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.) , 3 (3) : 201 – 219 .
  • Róna‐Tas , A. 1994 . The first shall be last? Entrepreneurship and communist cadres in the transition from socialism . American Journal of Sociology , 100 : 40 – 69 .
  • Róna‐Tas , A. and Guseva , A. 2001 . The privileges of past party membership in Russia and endogenous switching regression . Social Science Research , 30 : 641 – 662 .
  • Shenkar , O. 1994 . Raising the bamboo screen: International management research in the People’s Republic of China . International Studies of Management & Organization , 24 (1/2) : 9
  • Simon , H.A. 1955 . A behavioral model of rational choice . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 69 : 99 – 118 .
  • Stark , D. 1989 . “ Coexisting organizational forms in hungary’s emerging mixed economy ” . In Remaking the economic institutions of socialism: China and Eastern Europe , Edited by: Nee , V. and Stark , D. 137 – 168 . Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Stark , D. 1996 . Recombinant property in East European capitalism . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 993 – 1027 .
  • Stark , D. and Bruszt , L. 1998 . Post‐socialist pathways: Transforming politics and property in east central Europe , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Sun , L. , Aryee , S. and Law , K.S. 2007 . High‐performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and organizational performance: A relational perspective . Academy of Management Journal , 50 (3) : 558 – 577 .
  • Szelenyi , I. 1983 . Urban inequalities under state socialism , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Szelenyi , I. 1988 . Socialist entrepreneurs: Embourgeoisement in rural Hungary , Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press .
  • Szelenyi , I. and Manchin , R. 1987 . “ Social policy under state socialism ” . In Stagnation and renewal in social policy , Edited by: Esping‐Anderson , G. , Rainwater , L. and Rein , M. 102 – 139 . White Plains, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Tan , J. 1996 . Regulatory environment and strategic orientations in a transitional economy: A study of Chinese . Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice , 21 (1) : 31 – 46 .
  • Tang , W. and Parish , W. 2000 . Chinese urban life under reform: The changing social contract , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Tsang , E.W.K. 1994 . Threats and opportunities faced by private businesses in China . Journal of Business Venturing , 9 (6) : 451 – 468 .
  • Tsui , A.S. and Farh , L.J. 1997 . Where guanxi matters: Relational demography and guanxi in the Chinese context . Work and Occupations , 24 : 56 – 79 .
  • Tsui , A.S. , Schoonhoven , C.B. , Meyer , M.W. , Chung‐Ming , L. and Milkovich , G.T. 2004 . Organization and management in the midst of societal transformation: The People’s Republic of China . Organization Science , 15 (2) : 133 – 144 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1987 . Wage reform and the web of factory interests . The China Quarterly , 109 : 21 – 41 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1989 . Factory and manager in an era of reform . The China Quarterly , 118 : 242 – 264 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1992 . Property rights and stratification in socialist redistributive economies . American Sociological Review , 57 : 524 – 539 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1994a . “ Corporate organization and local government property rights in China ” . In Changing political economies privatization in post‐communist and reforming communist states , Edited by: Milor , V. 53 – 66 . Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner .
  • Walder , A.G. 1994b . The decline of communist power: Elements of a theory of institutional change . Theory and Society , 23 (2) : 297 – 323 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1995a . China’s transitional economy: Interpreting its significance . The China Quarterly , 144 : 963 – 979 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1995b . Local governments as industrial firms: An organizational analysis of China’s transitional economy . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 263 – 301 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1995c . The waning of the communist state: Economic origins of political decline in China and Hungary , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Walder , A.G. 1996a . China’s transitional economy , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Walder , A.G. 1996b . Markets and inequality in transitional economies: Toward testable theories . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 1060 – 1073 .
  • Walder , A.G. 1998a . “ The county government as an industrial corporation ” . In Zouping in transition: The process of reform in rural north China , Edited by: Walder , A. 31 – 53 . Palo Alto, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Walder , A.G. , ed. 1998b . Zouping in transition: The process of reform in rural north China , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Walder , A.G. 2003 . Elite opportunity in transitional economies . American Sociological Review , 68 : 899 – 916 .
  • Wang , F.‐l. 1998 . From family to market: Labor allocation in contemporary China , Lanham, MD : Rowan and Littlefield .
  • Wang , H. , Law , K.S. , Hackett , R.D. , Duanxu , W. and Zhen Xiong , C. 2005 . Leader–member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior . Academy of Management Journal , 48 (3) : 420 – 432 .
  • Wank , D. 1999 . Commodifying communism: Business, trust, and politics in a Chinese city , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Wank , D. 2002 . “ Business‐state clientelism in China: Decline or evolution? ” . In Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , Edited by: Gold , T. , Guthrie , D. and Wank , D. 97 – 116 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Weber , M. 1922/1968 . Economy and society , New York : Bedminster Press .
  • Whyte , M.K. 1986 . “ Social trends in China: The triumph of inequality? ” . In Modernizing China , Edited by: Barnett , A.D. and Clough , R. 103 – 123 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
  • Whyte , M.K. . Rethinking equality and inequality in the PRC, The 50th anniversary conference for the Fairbank Center for East Asian Research . Cambridge, MA. Harvard University .
  • Williamson , O. 1991 . Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives . Administrative Science Quarterly , 36 : 269 – 296 .
  • Wong , C. 1986 . The economics of shortage and problems of reform in Chinese industry . Journal of Comparative Economics , 10 : 363 – 387 .
  • Wong , C. 1987 . Between plan and market: The role of the local sector in post‐Mao China . Journal of Comparative Economics , 11 : 385 – 398 .
  • Wu , X. 2002 . Work units and income inequality: The effects of market transition in urban China . Social Forces , 80 : 1069 – 1099 .
  • Wu , X. 2006 . Communist cadres and market opportunities: Entry into self‐employment in China, 1978–1996 . Social Forces , 85 : 389 – 411 .
  • Wu , X. and Treiman , D.J. 2004 . The household registration system and social stratification in China, 1955–1996 . Demography , 41 : 363 – 384 .
  • Wu , X. and Xie , Y. 2003 . Does the market pay off? Earnings returns to education in urban China . American Sociological Review , 68 : 425 – 442 .
  • Xiao , Z. and Tsui , A.S. 2007 . When brokers may not work: The cultural contingency of social capital in Chinese high‐tech firms . Administrative Science Quarterly , 52 (1) : 1 – 31 .
  • Xie , Y. and Hannum , E. 1996 . Regional variation in earnings inequality in reform‐era urban China . American Journal of Sociology , 101 : 950 – 992 .
  • Yang , M. 1994 . Gifts, favors, and banquets: The art of social relationships in China , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Zhou , X. 2000a . Economic transformation and income inequality in urban China: Evidence from panel data . American Journal of Sociology , 105 (4) : 1135 – 1174 .
  • Zhou , X. 2000b . Reply: Beyond the debate and toward substantive institutional analysis . American Journal of Sociology , 105 (4) : 1190 – 1195 .
  • Zhou , X. 2003 . “ Understanding institutional changes in China: Some theoretical explorations ” . In Economic globalization and China , Edited by: Hua , M. and Wei , S. Shanghai : Fudan University Press .
  • Zhou , X. , Cai , H. and Li , Q. 2006 . “ Property rights regimes and firm behavior ” . In China’s domestic private firms , Edited by: Tsui , A.S. , Bian , Y. and Cheng , L. 97 – 119 . Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Zhou , X. , Li , Q. , Zhao , W. and Cai , H. 2003 . Embeddedness and contractual relationships in China’s transitional economy . American Sociological Review , 68 (1) : 75 – 102 .
  • Zhou , X. , Tuma , N.B. and Moen , P. 1996 . Stratification dynamics under state socialism: The case of urban China, 1949–1993 . Social Forces , 74 (3) : 759 – 796 .
  • Zhou , X. , Tuma , N.B. and Moen , P. 1997 . Institutional change and job‐shift patterns in urban China, 1949 to 1994 . American Sociological Review , 62 : 339 – 365 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.