405
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Rethinking the dichotomy of sexual identity and relational intimacies: Chinese gay men’s mental health in mixed-orientation marriages

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 785-799 | Received 25 Jun 2020, Accepted 07 May 2021, Published online: 22 May 2021

References

  • Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6
  • Belous, C. K., & Wampler, R. S. (2016). Development of the gay and lesbian relationship satisfaction scale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(3), 451–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12158
  • Berg, R. C., Weatherburn, P., Ross, M. W., & Schmidt, A. J. (2015). The relationship of internalized homonegativity to sexual health and well-being among men in 38 European countries who have sex with men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(3), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2015.1024375
  • Boellstorff, T. (2005). The gay archipelago: Sexuality and nation in Indonesia. Princeton University Press.
  • Boellstorff, T. (2011). BUT DO NOT IDENTIFY AS GAY: A proleptic genealogy of the MSM category. Cultural Anthropology, 26(2), 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2011.01100.x
  • Brainer, A. (2019). Queer Kinship and Family Change in Taiwan. Rutgers University Press.
  • Busby, D. M., Christensen, C., Crane, D. R., & Larson, J. H. (1995). A revision of the dyadic adjustment scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x
  • Buxton, A. P. (2005). A family matter. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 1(2), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/J461v01n02_04
  • China Power Team. (2017). How well-off is China’s middle class? China Power. Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-middle-class
  • Choi, K.-H., Steward, W. T., Miège, P., Hudes, E., & Gregorich, S. E. (2016). Sexual stigma, coping styles, and psychological distress: A longitudinal study of men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(6), 1483–1491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0640-z
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 108–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
  • Gnilka, P., & Dew, B. J. (2009). an internet-based examination of sexual behaviors and marital adjustment among self-identified gay and bisexual heterosexually married male users of online chat rooms. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 3(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538600902754429
  • Greene, D. C., & Britton, P. J. (2015). Predicting relationship commitment in gay men: Contributions of vicarious shame and internalized homophobia to the investment model. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034988
  • Higgins, D. J. (2002). Gay men from heterosexual marriages: Attitudes, behaviors, childhood experiences, and reasons for marriage. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(4), 15. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v42n04_02
  • Kays, J. L., Yarhouse, M. A., & Ripley, J. S. (2014). Relationship factors and quality among mixed-orientation couples. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 40(6), 512–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2013.788107
  • Kurdek, L. A. (1992). Dimensionality of the dyadic adjustment scale: Evidence from heterosexual and homosexual couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 6(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.6.1.22
  • Lee, R. B. (2002). Psychosocial contexts of the homosexuality of filipino men in heterosexual unions. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(4), 35–63. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v42n04_03
  • Li, D., & Zheng, L. (2017). Relationship quality predicts online sexual activities among Chinese heterosexual men and women in committed relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.075
  • Li, H., Holroyd, E., & Lau, J. T. F. (2010). Negotiating homosexual identities: The experiences of men who have sex with men in Guangzhou. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(4), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050903551721
  • Liu, J., Yi, Z., Zhao, Y., Qu, B., Zhu, Y., & Puebla, I. (2018). The psychological health and associated factors of men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS ONE, 13(5), e0197481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197481
  • Liu, J. X., & Choi, K. (2006). Experiences of social discrimination among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. AIDS and Behavior, 10(S1), S25–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9123-5
  • Liu, M., Yu, Z., Zhang, B., Shi, T. X., Li, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhu, M. (2015). Estimation on the numbers of Chinese homosexuality and people with same-sex sexual behaviors and related female groups. The Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality, 24(3), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2015.03.041
  • Malcolm, J. P. (2008). Heterosexually married men who have sex with men: Marital separation and psychological adjustment. The Journal of Sex Research, 45(4), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490802398316
  • Matsick, J. L., Conley, T. D., Ziegler, A., Moors, A. C., & Rubin, J. D. (2014). Love and sex: Polyamorous relationships are perceived more favourably than swinging and open relationships. Psychology & Sexuality, 5(4), 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2013.832934
  • Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
  • Miller, R. B., Mason, T. M., Canlas, J. M., Wang, D., Nelson, D. A., & Hart, C. H. (2013). Marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms in China. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 677–682. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033333
  • Mohr, J. J., & Daly, C. A. (2008). Sexual minority stress and changes in relationship quality in same-sex couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(6), 989–1007. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407508100311
  • Mohr, J. J., & Kendra, M. S. (2011). Revision and extension of a multidimensional measure of sexual minority identity: The lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022858
  • Mustanski, B., Newcomb, M. E., & Clerkin, E. M. (2011). Relationship characteristics and sexual risk-taking in young men who have sex with men. Health Psychology, 30(5), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023858
  • Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.2.291
  • Ortiz, E. T., & Scott, P. R. (1994). Gay husbands and fathers. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 1(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1300/J041v01n01_04
  • Pandya, A., Pandya, S., Patil, B., & Merchant, S. (2012). Invisible “others”: Sexual health vulnerabilities of wives of men who have sex with men. Sexuality & Culture, 16(1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-011-9100-7
  • Pearcey, M. (2005). Gay and bisexual married men’s attitudes and experiences. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 1(4), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1300/J461v01n04_02
  • Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00393.x
  • Raymo, J. M., Park, H., Xie, Y., & Yeung, W. J. (2015). Marriage and Family in East Asia: Continuity and Change. Annual Review of Sociology, 41(1), 471–492. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112428
  • Rubin, D. B. (1996). Multiple Imputation after 18+ Years. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91(434), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1996.10476908
  • Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The investment model scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5(4), 357–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
  • Schlomer, G. L., Bauman, S., & Card, N. A. (2010). Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018082
  • Schumm, W. R., Paff-Bergen, L. A., Hatch, R. C., Obiorah, F. C., Copeland, J. M., Meens, L. D., & Bugaighis, M. A. (1986). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the kansas marital satisfaction scale. Journal of Marriage and Family, 48(2), 381–387. https://doi.org/10.2307/352405
  • Shao, J., Chang, E. S., & Chen, C. (2018). The relative importance of parent–child dynamics and minority stress on the psychological adjustment of LGBs in China. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(5), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000281
  • Shek, D. T. L. (2006). Chinese family research puzzles, progress, paradigms, and policy implications. Journal of Family Issues, 27(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X05283508
  • Shieh, W.-Y. (2010). Gay and lesbian couple relationship commitment in Taiwan: A preliminary study. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(10), 1334–1354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2010.517078
  • Steward, W. T., Miège, P., Choi, K.-H., & Newman, C. E. (2013). Charting a moral life: The influence of stigma and filial duties on marital decisions among chinese men who have sex with men. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e71778. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071778
  • Sun, S., Whiteley, L., & Brown, L. K. (2020). HIV testing among Chinese men who have sex with men: The roles of HIV knowledge, online social life, and sexual identity concerns. AIDS and Behavior, 24(2), 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02471-2
  • Tornello, S. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2012). Gay fathers in mixed-orientation relationships: Experiences of those who stay in their marriages and of those who leave. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 8(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2012.641373
  • Whitton, S. W., & Kuryluk, A. D. (2014). Associations between relationship quality and depressive symptoms in same-sex couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(4), 571–576. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000011
  • Xing, F. (Ed.). (2012). 中国同妻生存调查报告. 成都:成都时代出版社. [Reports of the lives of the Chinese gay men’s wives]. Chengdu Times Press.
  • Young, R. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2005). The trouble with “MSM” and “WSW”: Erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse. American Journal of Public Health, 95(7), 1144–1149. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714
  • Zheng, T. (2015). Tongzhi living: Men attracted to men in postsocialist China. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Zhong, X., & Malhi, R. L. (2014). Factors contributing to personal commitment in Chinese interethnic couples. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 8(1), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i1.146

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.