New insights into the limited thermotolerance of anhydrobiotic tardigrades

References

• McInnes SJ , Pugh PJA. Tardigrade biogeography in water bears: the biology of tardigrades. In: Schill R , editor. Zoological Monographs. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Springer; 2018. p. 115–129.
   Google Scholar
• Møbjerg N, Halberg KA, Jørgensen A, et al. Survival in extreme environments - on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011;202:409–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen-Hygum TL , Stuart RM , Jørgensen A , et al. Modelling extreme desiccation tolerance in a marine tardigrade. Sci Rep. 2018;8:11495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hygum TL, Fobian D, Kamilari M, et al. Comparative investigation of copper tolerance and identification of putative tolerance related genes in tardigrades. Front Physiol. 2017;8:95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jönsson KI. The nature of selection on anhydrobiotic capacity in tardigrades. Zool Anz. 2001;240:409–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebecchi L , Altiero T , Guidetti R . Anhydrobiosis: the extreme limit of desiccation tolerance. Invertebrate Surviv J. 2007;4:65–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebecchi L , Boschetti C , Nelson DR . Extreme-tolerance mechanisms in meiofaunal organisms: a case study with tardigrades, rotifers and nematodes. Hydrobiologia. 2019;847:2779–2799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schill RO , Hengherr S . Environmental adaptations: desiccation tolerance in water bears: the biology of tardigrades. In: Schill R , editor. Zoological Monographs. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Springer; 2018. p. 273–293.
   Google Scholar
• Halberg KA , Jørgensen A , Møbjerg N . Desiccation tolerance in the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer relies on muscle mediated structural reorganization. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e85091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møbjerg N , Jørgensen A , Kristensen RM , et al. Morphology and functional anatomy in water bears: the biology of tardigrades. In: Schill R , editor. Zoological Monographs. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Springer; 2018. p. 57–94.
   Google Scholar
• Jönsson KI , Rabbow E , Schill RO , et al. Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit. Curr Biol. 2008;18:R729–R731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe LM . Lessons from nature: the role of sugars in anhydrobiosis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002;13:505–513.
   Google Scholar
• Westh P , Ramløv H . Trehalose accumulation in the tardigrade Adorybiotus coronifer during anhydrobiosis. J Exp Biol. 1991;258:303–311.
   Google Scholar
• Schill RO , Gunter H , Steinbruck B , et al. Stress gene (hsp 70) sequences and quantitative expression in Milnesium tardigradum (Tardigrada) during active and cryptobiotic stages. J Exp Biol. 2004;207:1607–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schokraie E, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Warnken U, et al. Proteomic analysis of tardigrades: towards a better understanding of molecular mechanisms by anhydrobiotic organisms. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto T , Horikawa D , Saito Y , et al. Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boothby TC, Tapia H, Brozena AH, et al. Tardigrades use intrinsically disordered proteins to survive desiccation. Mol Cell. 2017;65(6):975–984.e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves RC , Hvidepil LKB , Sørensen-Hygum TL , et al. Thermotolerance experiments on active and desiccated states of Ramazzottius varieornatus emphasize that tardigrades are sensitive to high temperatures. Sci Rep. 2020;10:94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamilari M , Jørgensen A , Schiøtt M , et al. Comparative transcriptomics suggest unique molecular adaptations within tardigrade lineages. BMC Genomics. 2019;20:607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo AM, Negroni M, Altiero T, et al. Antioxidant defences in hydrated and desiccated states of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi . Comp Biochem Physiol. 2010;156B:115–121.
   Google Scholar
• Doyère PLN . Memoires sur les tardigrade. Sur le facilité possedent les tardigrades, les rotifers, les anguillules de toit et quelques autre animalcules, de revenir à la vie après été completement déssechées. Annal Sci Nat Zool Biol Anim. 1842;18:5–35.
   Google Scholar
• Rahm PG . Biologische und physiologische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Moosfauna. Z Allg Physiol. 1921;20:1–35.
   Google Scholar
• Hengherr S , Worland M , Reuner A , et al. High-temperature tolerance in anhydrobiotic tardigrades is limited by glass transition. Physiol Biochem Zool. 2009;82:749–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria. 2016. https://www.r-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi A, Tanaka S, Yamaguchi S, et al. Two novel heat-soluble protein families abundantly expressed in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e44209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuner A , Hengherr S , Mali B , et al. Stress-response in tardigrades: differential gene expression of molecular chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperon. 2010;15:423–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jönsson KI , Schill RO . Induction of Hsp70 by desiccation, ionizing radiation and heat-shock in the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer . Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;146(4):456–460.
   Google Scholar
• Morek W , Suzuki AC , Schill RO , et al. Redescription of Milnesium alpigenum Ehrenberg, 1853 (Tardigrada: apochela) and a description of Milnesium inceptum sp. nov., a tardigrade laboratory model. Zootaxa. 2019;4586(1):35–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
•  Mertens J, Beladjal L, Alcantara A, et al. Survival of dried eukaryotes (anhydrobiotes) after exposure to very high temperatures. Biol J Linn Soc. 2008;93:15–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith HA , Burns AR , Shearer TL , et al. Three heat shock proteins are essential for rotifer thermotolerance. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2012;413:1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovic K , Sterken MG , Grilli J , et al. Temporal dynamics of gene expression in heat-stressed Caenorhabditis elegans . PLoS ONE. 2017;12(12):e0189445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovic K , Grilli J , Sterken MG , et al. Transcriptome resilience predicts thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans . BMC Biol. 2019;17:102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar