Same questions, different answers? A hierarchical comparison of cyclists’ perceptions of comfort: in-traffic vs. online approach

References

• Akar, G., and K. Clifton. 2009. “Influence of Individual Perceptions and Bicycle Infrastructure on Decision to Bike.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2140: 165–172. doi:10.3141/2140-18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asadi-Shekari, Z., M. Moeinaddini, and M. Zaly Shah. 2013. “Non-motorised Level of Service: Addressing Challenges in Pedestrian and Bicycle Level of Service.” Transport Reviews 33 (2): 166–194. doi:10.1080/01441647.2013.775613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayachi, F. S., J. Dorey, and C. Guastavino. 2015. “Identifying Factors of Bicycle Comfort: An Online Survey with Enthusiast Cyclists.” Applied Ergonomics 46: 124–136. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.07.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, L., P. Liu, C.-Y. Chan, and Z. Li. 2017. “Estimating Level of Service of Mid-block Bicycle Lanes considering Mixed Traffic Flow.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 101: 203–217. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2017.04.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. S., M. C. M. Tureli, and M. B. D. Gavião. 2009. “Validity and Reliability of the Child Perceptions Questionnaires Applied in Brazilian Children.” BMC Oral Health 9 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-9-13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benson, G., and M. B. Holmberg. 1985. “Validity of Questionnaires in Population Studies on Drug Use.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 71 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05045.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beura, S. K., and P. K. Bhuyan. 2017. “Development of A Bicycle Level of Service Model for Urban Street Segments in Mid-sized Cities Carrying Heterogeneous Traffic: A Functional Networks Approach.” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 4 (6): 503–521. doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2017.02.003.
   Google Scholar
• Botma, H. 1995. “Method to Determine Level of Service for Bicycle Paths and Pedestrian-Bicycle Paths.” Transportation Research Record (1502): 38–44.
   Google Scholar
• Burbidge, S., and K. Goulias. 2009. “Active Travel Behavior.” Transportation Letters 1 (2): 147–167. doi:10.3328/TL.2009.01.02.147-167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cafiso, S., G. La Cava, and G. Pappalardo. 2012. “A Comparative Analysis of Powered Two Wheelers Crash Severity among Different Urban Areas.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53: 890–899. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.938.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C. Y., S. Yan, and L. Wang. 2015. “A Model with A Solution Algorithm for the Planning of A Preliminary Commuter-bikeway Network under A Roadway Network System.” Transportation Letters: the International Journal of Transportation Research 7 (5): 289–299. doi:10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S. Y., and C. C. Lu. 2015. “Investigating the Psychology of Green Transportation via the Green Service Profit Chain.” Transportation Letters 7 (3): 143–153. doi:10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S.-Y. 2019. “Eco-friendly Value or Others’ Environmental Norms? Arguing the Environmental Using Psychology of Bike-sharing for the General Public.” Transportation Letters 11 (8): 425–435. doi:10.1080/19427867.2017.1379722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J. 1951. “Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests.” Psychometrika 16 (3): 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, A., J. H. Lee, and K. G. Goulias (2016). “Taking Place Attitudes into Travel Behavior Research.” Paper presented at the Transportation Research, Board.Washington DC, United States
   Google Scholar
• de Abreu E Silva, J., L. Martinez, and K. Goulias. 2012. “Using a Multi Equation Model to Unravel the Influence of Land Use Patterns on Travel Behavior of Workers in Lisbon.” Transportation Letters 4 (4): 193–209. doi:10.3328/TL.2012.04.04.193-209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debois, S. (2019). https://surveyanyplace.com/questionnaire-pros-and-consAccessed on 07 10 2019
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Heredia, Á., A. Monzón, and S. Jara-Díaz. 2014. “Understanding Cyclists’ Perceptions, Keys for a Successful Bicycle Promotion.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 63: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2014.02.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitch, D. T., and S. L. Handy. 2018. “The Relationship between Experienced and Imagined Bicycling Comfort and Safety.” Transportation Research Record 2672 (36): 116–124. doi: 10.1177/0361198118787635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt, G. H., D. J. Cook, D. King, G. R. Norman, S. L. Kane, and C. van Ineveld. 1999. “Effect of the Framing of Questionnaire Items regarding Satisfaction with Training on Residents’ Responses.” Academic Medicine 74 (2): 192–194. https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/1999/02000/Effect_of_the_framing_of_questionnaire_items.18.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, M. J., A. Boonen, P. Tugwell, and D. P. Symmons. 2009. “Same Question, Different Answers: A Comparison of Global Health Assessments Using Visual Analogue Scales.” Quality of Life Research: an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation 18 (10): 1285–1292. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9546-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HCM. 2000. HCM: Transportation Reserach Board of National Academic. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Heinen, E., K. Maat, and B. Wee. 2011. “The Role of Attitudes toward Characteristics of Bicycle Commuting on the Choice to Cycle to Work over Various Distances.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 16 (2): 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2010.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmerhorst, H. H. J. F., S. Brage, J. Warren, H. Besson, and U. Ekelund. 2012. “A Systematic Review of Reliability and Objective Criterion-related Validity of Physical Activity Questionnaires.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 9 (1): 103. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood, J., E. Sall, and B. Charlton. 2011. “A GPS-based Bicycle Route Choice Model for San Francisco, California.” Transportation Letters 3 (1): 63–75. doi:10.3328/TL.2011.03.01.63-75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummer, J., N. Rouphail, R. Hughes, S. Fain, J. Toole, R. Patten, … A. Do. 2005. “User Perceptions of the Quality of Service on Shared Paths.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1939: 28–36. doi:10.3141/1939-04.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, S. 2007. “Pedestrian and Bicyclist Level of Service on Roadway Segments.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2031: 43–51. doi:10.3141/2031-06.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, S. (2013). “Pedestrian and Bicycle Level of Service at Intersections, Roundabouts, and Other Crossings.” https://www.trafitec.dk/sites/default/files/publications/ped%20bike%20los%20at%20intersec.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kilic, T., and P. Sohnesen Thomas. 2017. “Same Question but Different Answer: Experimental Evidence on Questionnaire Design’s Impact on Poverty Measured by Proxies.” Review of Income and Wealth. doi:10.1111/roiw.12343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kommuner, S. (2018). https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/sverige-i-siffror/kommuner-i-siffror/#?region1=1281&region2=00 Accessed on 07 10 2019
   Google Scholar
• Kwak, L., K. I. Proper, M. Hagströmer, and M. Sjöström. 2011. “The Repeatability and Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Occupational Physical Activity - a Systematic Review.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 37 (1): 6–29. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/40967883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachat, C. K., R. Verstraeten, L. N. B. Khanh, M. Hagströmer, N. C. Khan, N. D. A. Van, … P. W. Kolsteren. 2008. “Validity of Two Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ and PAQA) for Vietnamese Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 5 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lajunen, T., and H. Summala. 2003. “Can We Trust Self-reports of Driving? Effects of Impression Management on Driver Behaviour Questionnaire Responses.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 6 (2): 97–107. doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00008-1.
   Google Scholar
• LaMondia, J., and C. Bhat. 2011. “A Study of Visitors’ Leisure Travel Behavior in the Northwest Territories of Canada.” Transportation Letters 3 (1): 1–19. doi:10.3328/TL.2011.03.01.1-19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leao, S. Z., S. N. Lieske, and C. J. Pettit. 2017. “Validating Crowdsourced Bicycling Mobility Data for Supporting City Planning.” Transportation Letters 1–12. doi:10.1080/19427867.2017.1401198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., W. Wang, P. Liu, and D. R. Ragland. 2012a. “Physical Environments Influencing Bicyclists’ Perception of Comfort on Separated and On-street Bicycle Facilities.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 17 (3): 256–261. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2011.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., W. Wang, P. Liu, R. Schneider, and D. Ragland. 2012b. “Investigating Bicyclists’ Perception of Comfort on Physically Separated Bicycle Paths in Nanjing, China.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2317: 76–84. doi:10.3141/2317-10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyon, C., B. Gotts, W. K. F. Wong, and B. N. Persaud. 2007. “Comparison of Alternative Methods for Identifying Sites with High Proportion of Specific Accident Types.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2019 1: 212–218. Retrieved from.
   Google Scholar
• Mekuria, M. C., P. G. Furth, and H. Nixon. (2012). “Low-stress Bicycling and Network Connectivity.” https://merritt.cdlib.org/d/ark:%2F13030%2Fm5b32gx5/1/producer%2FMTI%20Report%2011-19.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Melson, C. L., J. C. Duthie, and S. D. Boyles. 2014. “Influence of Bridge Facility Attributes on Bicycle Travel Behavior.” Transportation Letters 6 (1): 46–54. doi:10.1179/1942787513Y.0000000010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., and I. H. Bernstein. 1994. “The Assessment of Reliability.” Psychometric Theory (1): 248–292.
   Google Scholar
• Panayiotis, P. 2013. “Coefficient Alpha: Interpret With Caution.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology 9: 4.
   Google Scholar
• Petritsch, T. A., B. W. Landis, H. F. Huang, P. S. McLeod, D. R. Lamb, W. Farah, and M. Guttenplan. 2007. “Bicycle Level of Service for Arterials.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2031: 34–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszkowski, M. J., and M. Soven. 2010. “Shifting Gears: Consequences of Including Two Negatively Worded Items in the Middle of a Positively Worded Questionnaire.” Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 35 (1): 113–130. doi:10.1080/02602930802618344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, T., and P. García-Garcés. 2015. “Measuring the Impact of Travel Behavior Change Programs on the Activity Scheduling Process.” Transportation Letters 7 (2): 104–113. doi:10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivakumar, A., R. Batley, and J. Polak. 2012. “Toward the Future of Travel Behaviour and Demand Modelling.” Transportation Letters 4 (2): 75–77. doi:10.3328/TL.2012.04.02.75-77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafiken, S. (2018). https://www.lund.se/trafik–stadsplanering/trafik-och-gator/trafiken-i-siffror/ Accessed on 07 10 2019
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Molen, H. H., and A. M. T. Bötticher. 1988. “A Hierarchical Risk Model for Traffic Participants.” Ergonomics 31 (4): 537–555. doi:10.1080/00140138808966698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, M., T. M. Rahul, P. V. Reddy, and A. Verma. 2016. “The Factors Influencing Bicycling in the Bangalore City.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 89: 29–40. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weems, G. H., A. J. Onwuegbuzie, and D. Lustig. 2003. “Profiles of Respondents Who Respond Inconsistently to Positively- and Negatively-worded Items on Rating Scales.” Evaluation & Research in Education 17 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1080/14664200308668290.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, H., X. Pan, and J. Sanada. 2013. “Evaluation Models for Cyclists’ Perception Using Probe Bicycle System.” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies 10: 1413–1425. doi:10.11175/easts.10.1413.
   Google Scholar