149
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Old is not always better: evidence from five randomized experiments in rural primary schools in China

, , &
Pages 68-88 | Received 23 Aug 2017, Accepted 07 Mar 2019, Published online: 31 Mar 2019

References

  • Barrow, L., L. Markman, and C. E. Rouse. 2008. “Technology’s edge: The educational benefits of computer-aided instruction.” 14240. NBER Working Papers. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/14240.html
  • Bold, T., M. Kimenyi, G. Mwabu, A. Ng’ang’a, and J. Sandefur. 2013. “Scaling up what works: Experimental evidence on external validity in Kenyan Education.” SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2241240. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2241240
  • China Development Research Foundation. 2017. The Report of Students’ Nutrition Status are Improved in Poor Rural Areas. Student Nutrition Improvement Symposium. http://www.cdrf.org.cn/2017ztythbjbg/4163.jhtml
  • Civil Servant Law of the People’s Republic of China. 2005. “The central people’s government of the People’s Republic of China.” http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2005-06/21/content_8249.htm
  • Cogswell, M. E., I. Parvanta, L. Ickes, R. Yip, and G. M. Brittenham. 2003. “Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy, Anemia, and Birth Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 (4): 773–781. doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.4.773.
  • Craft, J. A., S. I. Doctors, Y. M. Shkop, and T. J. Benecki. 1979. “Simulated Management Perceptions, Hiring Decisions and Age.” Aging and Work 2 (2): 95–102. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=7740726768344329405&hl=en&oi=scholarr
  • Dyke, L. S., E. M. Fischer, and A. Rebecca Reuber. 1992. “An Inter-Industry Examination of the Impact of Owner Experience on Firm Performance.” Journal of Small Business Management 30 (4): 72–87.
  • Dynarski, M., R. Agodini, S. Heaviside, T. Novak, N. Carey, L. Campuzano, B. Means, et al. 2007. “Effectiveness of Reading and Mathematics Software Products: Findings from the First Student Cohort.” https://telearn.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190019/document
  • Giniger, S., A. Dispenzieri, and J. Eisenberg. 1983. “Age, Experience, and Performance on Speed and Skill Jobs in an Applied Setting.” Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (3): 469–475. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.68.3.469.
  • Glenda, K., S. McGrath, I.-H. Petersen, and M. Gastrow. 2015. “Higher Education and Economic Development: The Importance of Building Technological Capabilities.” International Journal of Educational Development 43: 22–31. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.04.011.
  • Greller, M. M., and P. Simpson. 1999. “In Search of Late Career: A Review of Contemporary Social Science Research Applicable to the Understanding of Late Career.” Human Resource Management Review 9 (3): 309–347. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00023-6.
  • Griffiths, A. 1997. “Ageing, Health and Productivity: A Challenge for the New Millennium.” Work & Stress 11 (3): 197–214. doi:10.1080/02678379708256835.
  • Grossman, M. 2000. “The Human Capital Model of the Demand for Health, Chapter 7.” Handbook of Health Economics 1 (January): 347–408. doi:10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80166-3.
  • Haberer, J. E., J. Kiwanuka, D. Nansera, I. B. Wilson, and D. R. Bangsberg. 2010. “Challenges in Using Mobile Phones for Collection of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Data in a Resource-Limited Setting.” AIDS and Behavior 14 (6): 1294–1301. doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9720-1.
  • Hassell, B. L., and P. L. Perrewe. 1995. “An Examination of Beliefs about Older Workers: Do Stereotypes Still Exist?” Journal of Organizational Behavior 16 (5): 457–468. doi:10.1002/job.4030160506.
  • Horn, J., and G. Donaldson. 1976. “On the Myth of Intellectual Decline in Adulthood.” American Psychologist 31(10):701.
  • Kerwin, J. T. 2014. “The effect of HIV infection risk beliefs on risky sexual behavior: Scared straight or scared to death?” University of Michigan job market paper.
  • Kleiman-Weiner, M., R. Luo, L. Zhang, Y. Shi, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2013. “Eggs versus Chewable Vitamins: Which Intervention Can Increase Nutrition and Test Scores in Rural China?” China Economic Review 24 (March): 165–176. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2012.12.005.
  • Lars, F., and P. Stuart. 1992. “Repeated Measures in Clinical Trials Analysis Using Mean Summary Statistics and Its Implications for Design.” Statistics in Medicine 11: 1685–1704. doi:10.1002/sim.4780111304.
  • Lester, R. T., P. Ritvo, E. J. Mills, A. Kariri, S. Karanja, M. H. Chung, W. Jack, et al. 2010. “Effects of A Mobile Phone Short Message Service on Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence in Kenya (Weltel Kenya1): A Randomised Trial.” Lancet (London, England) 376 (9755): 1838–1845. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61997-6.
  • Li, L., R. Luo, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2015. “The Prevalence of Anemia in Central and Eastern China: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.” The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 46 (2): 306–321.
  • Loyalka, P., C. Liu, Y. Song, H. Yi, X. Huang, J. Wei, L. Zhang, Y. Shi, J. Chu, and S. Rozelle. 2013. “Can Information and Counseling Help Students from Poor Rural Areas Go to High School? Evidence from China.” Journal of Comparative Economics 41: 1012–1025. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2013.06.004.
  • Luo, R., Y. Shi, L. Zhang, C. Liu, S. Rozelle, B. Sharbono, A. Yue, Q. Zhao, and R. Martorell. 2012a. “Nutrition and Educational Performance in Rural China’s Elementary Schools: Results of a Randomized Control Trial in Shaanxi Province.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 60 (4): 735–772. doi:10.1086/665606.
  • Luo, R., Y. Shi, L. Zhang, H. Zhang, G. Miller, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2012b. “The Limits of Health and Nutrition Education: Evidence from Three Randomized-Controlled Trials in Rural China.” CESifo Economic Studies 58 (2): 385–404. doi:10.1093/cesifo/ifs023.
  • Luo, R., X. Wang, C. Liu, L. Zhang, Y. Shi, G. Miller, S. Rozelle, E. Yu, and R. Martorell. 2011. Alarmingly High Anemia Prevalence in Western China. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2247047. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2247047
  • Maxwell, C. A., E. Msuya, M. Sudi, K. J. Njunwa, I. A. Carneiro, and C. F. Curtis. 2002. “Effect of Community-Wide Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets for 3–4 Years on Malarial Morbidity in Tanzania.” Tropical Medicine & International Health 7 (12): 1003–1008. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00966.x.
  • McEvoy, G., and W. Cascio. February 1989. “Cumulative Evidence of the Relationship between Employee Age and Job Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology: 11–17. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.11.
  • McKenzie, D. 2012. “Beyond Baseline and Follow-Up: The Case for More T in Experiments.” Journal of Development Economics 99: 210–221. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.01.002.
  • Miller, G., R. Luo, L. Zhang, S. Sylvia, Y. Shi, P. Foo, Q. Zhao, R. Martorell, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2012. “Effectiveness of Provider Incentives for Anaemia Reduction in Rural China: A Cluster Randomised Trial.” BMJ 345 (July): e4809. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4809.
  • Ministry of Education. 2011. “China start to launch a rural compulsory education nutrition improvement program since 2011.” http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s5148/201111/t20111130_127350.html
  • Mo, D., Y. Bai, Y. Shi, M. Boswell, L. Zhang, and S. Rozelle. Forthcoming. “Scaling up What Works: Evidence from A Randomized Experiment of Computer Assisted Learning in Rural China.” http://reap.fsi.stanford.edu/docs/working-papers
  • Mo, D., R. Luo, C. Liu, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2014. “Text Messaging and Its Impacts on the Health and Education of the Poor: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Rural China.” World Development 64 (December): 766–780. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.07.015.
  • Murnane, R. J. 1975. The Impact of School Resources on the Learning of Inner City Children. Cambridge, MA: Balinger Publishing Company. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED121905
  • National Bureau of Statistics. 2010. “Sixth national population census.” http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/d6c/t20120718_402819792.htm
  • Ng, T. W. H., and D. C. Feldman. 2008. “The Relationship of Age to Ten Dimensions of Job Performance.” The Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (2): 392–423. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.392.
  • Quiñones, M. L., M. C. Jo Lines, M. J. Thomson, and B. M. Greenwood. 1998. “Permethrin-Treated Bed Nets Do Not Have a ‘Mass-Killing Effect’ on Village Populations of Anopheles Gambiae S.L. In the Gambia.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92 (4): 373–378. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(98)91053-7.
  • Rosen, B., and T. H. Jerdee. 1976. “The Influence of Age Stereotypes on Managerial Decisions.” Journal of Applied Psychology. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.61.4.428.
  • Rotheram-Borus, M., M. T. Jane, W. Margaret Gwegwe, S. Comulada, N. Kaufman, and M. Keim. 2012. “Diabetes Buddies: Peer Support through a Mobile Phone Buddy System.” The Diabetes Educator 38 (3): 357–365. doi:10.1177/0145721712444617.
  • Rouse, C. E., and A. B. Krueger. 2004. “Putting Computerized Instruction to the Test: A Randomized Evaluation of A ‘Scientifically Based’ Reading Program.” Economics of Education Review Special Issue In Honor of Lewis C. Solman 23 (4): 323–338. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2003.10.005.
  • Schwab, D. P., and H. G. Heneman. 1977. “Age and Satisfaction with Dimensions of Work.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 10 (2): 212–220. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(77)90058-6.
  • Skinner, B. F. 1983. “Intellectual Self-Management in Old Age.” The American Psychologist 38 (3): 239–244. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.3.239.
  • Stumpf, S. A., and S. Rabinowitz. 1981. “Career Stage as a Moderator of Performance Relationships with Facets of Job Satisfaction and Role Perceptions.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 18 (2): 202–218. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(81)90008-7.
  • Sylvia, S., and S. Rozelle. Forthcoming. “Anemia and cognition: Are our diagnoses wrong?” http://reap.fsi.stanford.edu/docs/working-papers
  • Sylvia, S. Y. 2014. “Managerial Incentives in Public Service Delivery: Evidence from School-Based Nutrition Programs in Rural China.” http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/15457
  • Taylor, R. N. 1975. “Age and Experience as Determinants of Managerial Information Processing and Decision Making Performance.” Academy of Management Journal 18 (1): 74–81. doi:10.2307/255626.
  • Waldman, D. A., and B. J. Avolio. 1986. “A Meta-Analysis of Age Differences in Job Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology 71 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.1.33.
  • Wang, H., Y. Shi, W. Liang, L. Jonsson, S. Kennedy, G. Breck, J. Bai, et al. Forthcoming. “Is China’s 32 Billion Dollar Program to Fight Rural Undernutrition Working? A Mixed Methods Analysis.” http://reap.fsi.stanford.edu/docs/working-papers
  • Wong, H. L., Y. Shi, R. Luo, L. Zhang, and S. Rozelle. 2014. “Improving the Health and Education of Elementary Schoolchildren in Rural China: Iron Supplementation versus Nutritional Training for Parents.” The Journal of Development Studies 50 (4): 502–519. doi:10.1080/00220388.2013.866223.
  • Wydick, B., E. Katz, F. Calvo, F. Gutierrez, and B. Janet. 2016. “Shoeing the Children: The Impact of the TOMS Shoe Donation Program in Rural El Salvador.” The World Bank. doi:10.1093/wber/lhw042.
  • Zhang, L., M. Kleiman-Weiner, R. Luo, Y. Shi, R. Martorell, A. Medina, and S. Rozelle. 2013. “Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Reduces Anemia and Anxiety in Rural China’s Elementary School Children.” The Journal of Nutrition 143 (5): 640–647. doi:10.3945/jn.112.171959.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.