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Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A Volume 27, 2010 - Issue 12
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Original Articles

Comparison of the migration of melamine from melamine–formaldehyde plastics (‘melaware’) into various food simulants and foods themselves

E.L. Bradley The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
,
L. Castle The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UKCorrespondence[email protected]
,
J.S. Day The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
,
I. Ebner The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88–92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
,
K. Ehlert TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, NL-3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
,
R. Helling Saxony Institute for Public and Veterinary Health, Dresden, Germany
,
S. Koster TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, NL-3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
,
J. Leak The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
&
K. Pfaff The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88–92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
 show all
Pages 1755-1764 | Received 27 May 2010, Accepted 26 Jul 2010, Published online: 07 Oct 2010

References

  • Bradley , EL , Boughtflower , V , Smith , TL , Speck , DR and Castle , L . 2005 . Survey of the migration of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine food contact articles available on the UK market . Food Addit Contam , 22 : 597 – 606 .
  • European Commission. 1982. European Commission Directive 82/711/EEC of 18th October 1982 laying down the basic rules necessary for testing migration of the constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Comm. L 297:26–30.
  • European Commission. 1985. European Commission Directive 85/572/EEC of 19th December 1985 laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Comm. L 372:14–21.
  • European Commission. 2002. European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC of 6 August 2002 relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Unofficial consolidated version including 2002/72/EC, 2004/1/EC, 2004/19/EC, 2005/79/EC, 2007/19/EC, 2008/39/EC. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002L0072:20091109:EN:PDF/
  • European Commission. 2009. Substances listed in EU Directives on plastics in contact with food. Update version as of 20 October 2009. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/foodcontact/
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2010. Scientific opinion on melamine in food and feed. EFSA J. 8(4):1573.
  • Ishiwata , H , Inoue , T and Tanimura , A . 1986 . Migration of melamine and formaldehyde from tableware made of melamine resin . Food Addit Contam , 3 : 63 – 69 .
  • Joint Research Centre (JRC). 2009. Guidelines on testing conditions for articles in contact with foodstuffs (with a focus on kitchenware). CRL-NRL-FCM Publication. EUR 23814 EN 2009; [cited 2010 May 13]. Available from: http://crl-fcm.jrc.it/files/guidelines%20test%20conditions_final_ed2009.pdf/
  • Lund , KH and Petersen , JH . 2006 . Migration of formaldehyde and melamine monomers from kitchen- and tableware made of melamine plastic . Food Addit Contam , 23 : 948 – 955 .
  • Martin , RE , Hizo , CB , Ong , AM , Alba , OM and Ishiwata , H . 1992 . Release of formaldehyde and melamine from melamine tableware manufactured in Philippines . J Food Protect , 55 : 632 – 635 .
  • Scientific Committee for Food (SCF). 1986. Report of the Scientific Committee for Food on certain monomers of other starting substances to be used in the manufacture of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Seventeenth series. Opinion expressed on 14 December (1984). Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_17.pdf/
  • Sugita , T , Ishiwata , H and Yoshihira , K . 1990 . Release of formaldehyde and melamine from tableware made of melamine–formaldehyde resin . Food Addit Contam , 7 : 21 – 27 .
  • Tittlemier , SA . 2010 . Methods for the analysis of melamine and related compounds in foods: a review . Food Addit Contam , 27 : 129 – 145 .
  • World Health Organization (WHO). 2009. Report of a WHO Expert Meeting held on 1–4 December 2008 in collaboration with FAO and supported by Health Canada. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597951_eng.pdf/

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