Silver migration from silver-modified activated carbon applied as a water filtration medium in classic cartridges of jug filter systems

References

• British Standard. 2004. BS 8427:2004. Jug water filter systems. Specification
   Google Scholar
• Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR – Federal Institute for Risk Assessment). 2012. Datenbank BfR-Empfehlungen zu Materialien für den Lebensmittelkontakt. XXXVI/1. Koch- und Heißfilterpapiere und Filterschichten. 1 January 2012 [Internet]. Berlin (Germany): BfR; [cited 2012 Apr 10]. Available from: http://bfr.zadi.de/kse/faces/resources/pdf/361-english.pdf;jsessionid = 0606C5445EFA3B29EB6CC1FEC058203A/
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2002. Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Off J Eur Comm. L31:1–24
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2004. Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. Off J Eur Comm. L338:4–17
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2011. Provisional list of additives used in plastics. Provisional list of additives 11th update, 28 October 2011 [Internet]. Brussels (Belgium): European Commission; [cited 2012 Apr 10]. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/foodcontact/docs/080410_provisional_list_7_211009.pdf
   Google Scholar
• European Community. 1998. Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Off J Eur Comm. L330:32–54
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to a 7th list of substances for food-contact materials. EFSA J. 201:1–28
   Google Scholar
• European Union. 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Off J Eur Union. L12:1–89
   Google Scholar
• Fawell JK, Lund U, Mintz B, Galal-Gorchev H, Helmer R, Bonnefoy X, Spinoza O, Sheffer M. 2003. Silver in drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization (WHO). WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/14
   Google Scholar
• Furchner , JE , Richmond , CR and Drake , GA . 1968 . Comparative metabolism of radionuclides in mammals – IV. Retention of silver – 110 m in the mouse, rat, monkey, and dog . Health Phys , 15 : 505 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garboś , S , Świątczak , J , Wichrowska , B and Życiński , D . 2002 . The evaluation of degree of silver leaching from filters with carbon cartridges used for drinking water quality improvement . Instal , 11 : 11 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Garboś , S and Święcicka , D . 2005 . The possibility of identification and quantification of secondary sources of contamination by investigation of articles and materials contacting with water intended for human consumption . Instal , 12 : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Garboś S, Święcicka D. 2012. QC/QA scheme applied for monitoring of metals concentrations in water intended for human consumption sampled from the area of Warsaw performed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES techniques. In: Bhattacharya P, Rosborg I, Sandhi A, Hayes C, Benoliel MJ, editors. Metals and related substances in drinking water. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, METEAU. London (UK): IWA. p. 20–32
   Google Scholar
• Gaul , LE and Staud , AH . 1935 . Clinical spectroscopy. Seventy cases of generalized argyrosis following organic and colloidal silver medication . J Am Med Assoc , 104 : 1387 – 1390 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , RS and Scythes , CA . 1984 . Chromium, selenium and other trace element intake of a selected sample of Canadian premenopausal women . Biol Trace Elem Res , 6 : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , PJ , Gray , P , Heath , A , Irving , TE , Hurst , K , Norris , MW and Rule , KL . 2003 . Assessment of the effects of jug water filters on the quality of public water supplies . Final report to the Drinking Water Inspectorate. Marlow (UK): WRc-NSF Ltd , DWI 6049/2
   Google Scholar
• Święcicka , D , Nowacka , M , Garboś , S and Kaniowska-Klarzyńska , E . 2007 . The investigation of reduction degree of THMs content in water purified with the use of filters with cartridges consist of activated carbon by gas chromatography with ECD detection . Instal , 12 : 61 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1980. Ambient water quality criteria for silver. Washington (DC): USEPA, Office of Water Regulations and Standards Criteria and Standards Division. EPA 440/5-80-071
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1992. Guidelines for exposure assessment. Washington (DC): USEPA, Risk Assessment Forum. EPA/600/Z-92/001
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Guidance for performing aggregate exposure and risk assessments. Washington (DC): USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2011. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 4th ed. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO
   Google Scholar