251
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Seasonal and geographical variations in levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in Polish butter fat used as an indicator of environmental contamination

, , , , &
Pages 181-201 | Received 18 Jun 2012, Accepted 10 Aug 2012, Published online: 12 Sep 2012

References

  • Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, November
  • Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2004. Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, September
  • Ahmed , FE . 2003 . Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in food products . Trends Anal Chem , 22 : 170 – 185 .
  • Asante , KA , Sudaryanto , A , Devanathan , G , Bello , M , Takahashi , S , Isobe , T and Tanabe , S . 2010 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in cow milk samples from Ghana . Interdiscipl Stud Environ Chem Environ Specimen Bank , 4 : 191 – 198 .
  • Badia-Vila , M , Ociepa , M , Mateo , R and Guitart , RJ . 2000 . Comparison of residue levels of persistent organochlorine compounds in butter from Spain and from other European countries . Environ Sci Health B , 35 : 201 – 210 .
  • Binelli , A , Sarkar , SK , Chatterjee , M , Riva , C , Parolini , M , Bhattacharya , B , Bhattacharya , K and Satpathy , KK . 2007 . Concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment cores of Sundarban mangrove wetland, northeastern part of Bay of Bengal (India) . Mar Pollut Bull , 54 : 1220 – 1229 .
  • Bocio , L , Llobet , JM , Domingo , J , Corbella , J , Teixido , A and Casas , C . 2003 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs: human exposure through the diet . J Agric Food Chem , 51 : 3191 – 3195 .
  • Bromine Science and Environment Forum (BSEF). 2003. Major brominated flame retardant volume estimates. Available from: http://www.bsef.org/
  • Chen , MYY , Tang , ASP , Ho , YY and Xiao , Y . 2010 . Dietary exposure of secondary school students in Hong Kong to polybrominated diphenyl ethers from foods of animal origin . Food Addit Contam A , 27 : 521 – 529 .
  • Chovancova , J , Kocan , A and Jursa , S . 2005 . PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in food of animal origin (Slovakia) . Chemosphere , 61 : 1305 – 1311 .
  • Danon-Schaffer , MN , Grace , JR and Ikonomou , MG . 2008 . PBDEs in waste disposal sites from Northern Canada . Organoh Compounds , 70 : 365 – 368 .
  • Domingo , JL , Marti-Cid , R , Castell , V and Llobet , JM . 2008 . Human exposure to PBDEs through the diet in Catalonia, Spain: temporal trend. A review of recent literature on dietary PBDE intake . Toxicology , 248 : 25 – 32 .
  • European Commission. 2000. SCOOP. Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation. Assessment of dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBs by the population of EU Member States, 7 June. Brussels: Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General
  • European Commission. 2006a. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, 2002/201/EC. Official Journal of the European Union
  • European Commission. 2006b. Commission Recommendation of 16 November 2006 on the monitoring of background levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs, 2006/794/EC. Official Journal of the European Union
  • European Commission. 2006c. Commision Regulation (EC) No 1883/2006 of 19 December 2006 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union
  • European Commission. 2011. Commission Recommendation of 23 August 2011 on the reduction of the presence of dioxins, furans and PCBs in feed and food, 2011/516/EU. Official Journal of the European Union
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) . 2010a . Results of the monitoring of non dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed . EFSA J , 8 : 1701 – 1736 .
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) . 2010b . Results of the monitoring of dioxin levels in food and feed . EFSA J , 8 : 1385 – 1421 .
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) . 2011 . Scientific opinion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food . EFSA J , 9 : 2156 – 2430 .
  • Fiedler , H, editor . 2003 . Dioxins and furans, in persistent organic pollutants. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry Vol. 3, Part O , 125 – 201 . Berlin (Germany) : Springer .
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). 2005. Evaluation of certain food contaminants, Sixty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva: WHO Press
  • Grant , PBC , Johannessen , SC , Macdonald , RW , Yunker , MB , Sanborn , M , Dangerfield , N , Wright , C and Ross , PS . 2011 . Environmental fractionation of PCBs and PBDEs during particle transport as recorded by sediments in coastal waters . Environ Toxicol Chem , 30 : 1522 – 1532 .
  • Grümping , R , Petersen , M , Kuchen , A and Tlustos , C . 2006 . Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swiss and Irish cow's milk . Organoh Compounds , 68 : 2147 – 2150 .
  • Kalantzi , OI , Alcock , RE , Johnston , PA , Santillo , D , Stringer , RL , Thomas , GO and Jones , KC . 2001 . The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in butter . Environ Sci Technol , 35 : 1013 – 1024 .
  • Karjalainen , AK , Hirvonen , T , Kiviranta , H , Sinkko , H , Kronberg-Kippilä , C , Virtanen , SM , Hallikainen , A , Leino , O , Knip , M Veijola , R . 2012 . Long-term daily intake estimates of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenylethers from food in Finnish children: risk assessment implications . Food Addit Contam A , 29 : 1475 – 1488 .
  • Kierkegaard , A , Asplund , L , de Wit , CA , McLachlan , MS , Thomas , GO , Sweetman , AJ and Jones , KC . 2007 . The fate of higher brominated PBDEs in lactating cows . Environ Sci Technol , 41 : 417 – 423 .
  • Kiviranta , H , Ovaskainen , M-L and Vartiainen , T . 2004 . Market basket study on dietary intake of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs in Finland . Environ Int , 30 : 923 – 932 .
  • Krokos , F , Creaser , CS , Wright , C and Startin , JR . 1996 . Levels of selected ortho and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls in UK retail milk . Chemosphere , 32 : 667 – 673 .
  • Lizak , R , Maszewski , S and Piskorska-Pliszczyńska , J . 2009 . Occurrence and profile of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dienzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in Polish farm milk . Bull Vet Inst Pulawy , 53 : 833 – 838 .
  • Lorber , MN , Winters , DL , Griggs , J , Cook , R , Baker , S , Ferrario , J , Byrne , C , Dupuy , A and Schaum , J . 1998 . A national survey of dioxin-like compounds in the United States milk supply . Organoh Compounds , 38 : 125 – 129 .
  • Malisch , R and Dilara , P . 2007 . PCDD/Fs and PCBs in butter samples from new European Union member states and a candidate country: analytical quality control, results and certain PCB-specific aspects . Chemosphere , 67 : 79 – 89 .
  • Michna , W , Szteke , B , Boguszewska , M , Bykowski , P , Dąbrowski , J , Obiedzinski , M and Zmudzki , J . 1999 . Raport z badań monitoringowych jakoś ci gleb, roślin produktów rolniczych i spożywczych w 1999 roku , Warsaw (Poland) : Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa .
  • Michna , W , Szteke , B , Boguszewska , M , Bykowski , P , Dąbrowski , J , Obiedzinski , M and Zmudzki , J . 2000 . Raport z badań monitoringowych jakoś ci gleb, roślin produktów rolniczych i spożywczych w 2000 roku , Warsaw (Poland) : Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa .
  • Michna , W , Szteke , B , Boguszewska , M , Bykowski , P , Dąbrowski , J , Obiedzinski , M and Zmudzki , J . 2001 . Raport z badań monitoringowych jakoś ci gleb, roślin produktów rolniczych i spożywczych w 2001 roku , Warsaw (Poland) : Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa .
  • Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) . 1997 . Food Surveillance Information Sheet 133. Dioxins and PCBs in cows’ milk from farms close to industrial sites , London (UK) : MAFF .
  • Niewiadowska , A . 2007 . Ocena narażenia na pestycydy chloroorganiczne i polichlorowane bifenyle (PCB) pobierane z żywnością pochodzenia zwierzęcego, monografia, rozprawa habilitacyjna , Pulawy (Poland) : PIWet-PIB .
  • POPs COP4. 2009. The 4th Meeting of the Convention of the Parties (COP4) of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
  • Prachar , V , Veningerova , M , Uhnak , J and Pribela , A . 1995 . Persistent organochlorine compounds in cow's milk and butter . Fres Environ Bull , 4 : 413 – 417 .
  • Rahman , F , Langford , KH , Scrimshaw , MD and Lester , JN . 2001 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDE/flame retardants . Sci Total Environ , 275 : 1 – 17 .
  • Ramos , L , Eljarrat , E , Hernández , LM and Gonzáles , MJ . 1999 . Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in commercial butter samples in Spain . Chemosphere , 38 : 3141 – 3153 .
  • Roszko , M , Obiedziński , MW , Szymczyk , K and Olkowski , M . 2010 . Non-dioxin like and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sampled on Polish retail market . Food Addit Contam B , 3 : 126 – 134 .
  • Roszko , M , Szterk , A , Szymczyk , K and Waszkiewicz-Robak , B . 2012 . PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and pesticides in cold-pressed vegetable oils . J Am Oil Chem Soc , 89 : 389 – 400 .
  • Roszko , M and Szymczyk , K . 2010 . Oznaczanie wskaźnikowych i dioksynopodobnych polichlorowanych bifenyli w wybranych zbóż i produktach zbożowych, Roczn . PZH , 61 : 355 – 360 .
  • Santillo , D , Fernandes , A , Stringer , R , Alcock , R , Rose , M , White , S , Jones , K and Johnston , P . 2003 . Butter as an indicator of regional persistent organic pollutant contamination: further development of the approach using polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) . Food Addit Contam , 20 : 281 – 290 .
  • Santillo , D , Fernandes , A , Stringer , R , Johnston , P , Rose , M and White , S . 2001 . Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in samples of butter from 24 countries . Organoh Compounds , 51 : 275 – 278 .
  • Santillo , D , Stringer , RL and Johnson , PA . 2000. The global distribution of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans using butter as an integrative matrix. Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical Note 13/00, 20
  • Schaum , J , Schuda , L , Wu , C , Sears , R , Ferrario , J and Andrews , K . 2003 . A national survey of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants in the United States’ milk supply . J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol , 13 : 177 – 186 .
  • Schecter , A , Colacino , J , Patel , K , Kannan , K , Yun , SH , Haffner , D , Harris , TR and Birnbaum , L . 2010 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in foodstuffs collected from three locations from the United States . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 243 : 217 – 224 .
  • Schecter , A , Papke , O , Harris , TR , Tung , KC , Musumba , A , Olson , J and Birmbaum , L . 2006 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of US food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex . Environ Health Perspect , 114 : 1515 – 1520 .
  • Schecter , A , Smith , S , Colacino , J , Malik , N , Opel , M , Paepke , O and Birnbaum , L . 2011 . Contamination of U.S. butter with polybrominated diphenyl ethers from wrapping paper . Environ Health Perspect , 119 : 151 – 154 .
  • Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition (SCAN). 2000. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition on dioxin contamination of feedingstuffs and their contribution to the contamination of food of animal origin. Brussels: SCAN. 6 November
  • Shih , YH and Wang , CK . 2009 . Photolytic degradation of polybrodiphenyl ethers under UV-lamp and solar irradiations . J Hazard Mater , 165 : 34 – 38 .
  • Trudel , D , Tlustos , C , Goetz , N , Scheringer , M , Reichter , P and Hungerbuhler , K . 2011 . Exposure of the Irish population to PBDEs in food: consideration of parameter uncertainty and variability for risk assessment . Food Addit Contam A , 28 : 943 – 955 .
  • van den Berg , M , Birnbaum , L , Bosveld , AT , Brunström , B , Cook , P , Feeley , M , Giesy , JP , Hanberg , A , Hasegawa , R Kennedy , SW . 1998 . Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife . Environ Health Perspect , 106 : 775 – 792 .
  • Voorspoels , S , Covaci , A , Neels , H and Schepens , P . 2007 . Dietary PBDE intake: a market-basket study in Belgium . Environ Int , 33 : 93 – 97 .
  • Wang , Z , Ma , XD , Lin , ZS , Na , GS and Yao , ZW . 2009 . Congener specific distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment and mussel (Mytilus edulis) of the BoSea, China . Chemosphere , 74 : 896 – 901 .
  • Winter-Sorkina , RD , Bakker , MI , Wolterink , G and Zeilmaker , MJ . 2006 . Brominated flame retardants: occurrence, dietary intake and risk assessment , Bilthoven : Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (RIVM) . Report 320100002
  • Wojtalewicz , D , Grochowalski , A and Węgiel , M . 2008 . Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Pbdes) as persistent organic pollutants (Pops) in Polish food using semipermeable membranes (Spms) , The fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environ Sec, 6 . 459–469

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.